RocketMQ的消息重试包含了producer发送消息的重试和consumer消息消费的重试。

producer发送消息重试

producer在发送消息的时候如果发送失败了,RocketMQ会自动重试。

private SendResult sendDefaultImpl(
    Message msg,
    final CommunicationMode communicationMode,
    final SendCallback sendCallback,
    final long timeout
) throws MQClientException, RemotingException, MQBrokerException, InterruptedException {
    this.makeSureStateOK();
    Validators.checkMessage(msg, this.defaultMQProducer);

    final long invokeID = random.nextLong();
    long beginTimestampFirst = System.currentTimeMillis();
    long beginTimestampPrev = beginTimestampFirst;
    long endTimestamp = beginTimestampFirst;
    TopicPublishInfo topicPublishInfo = this.tryToFindTopicPublishInfo(msg.getTopic());
    if (topicPublishInfo != null && topicPublishInfo.ok()) {
        MessageQueue mq = null;
        Exception exception = null;
        SendResult sendResult = null;
        // 这是调用的总次数
        int timesTotal = communicationMode == CommunicationMode.SYNC ? 1 + this.defaultMQProducer.getRetryTimesWhenSendFailed() : 1;
        int times = 0;
        String[] brokersSent = new String[timesTotal];
        for (; times < timesTotal; times++) {
    // 省略部分代码...
}

 

重试几次?

由上面可以看出发送消息的重试次数区分不同的情况:

  • 同步发送:org.apache.rocketmq.client.producer.DefaultMQProducer#retryTimesWhenSendFailed + 1,默认retryTimesWhenSendFailed是2,所以除了正常调用一次外,发送消息如果失败了会重试2次
  • 异步发送:不会重试(调用总次数等于1)

什么时候重试?

发生异常的时候,需要注意的是发送的时候并不是catch所有的异常,只有内部异常才会catch住并重试。

怎么重试?

每次重试都会重新进行负载均衡(会考虑发送失败的因素),重新选择MessageQueue,这样增大发送消息成功的可能性。

隔多久重试?

立即重试,中间没有单独的间隔时间。

consumer消费重试

消息处理失败之后,该消息会和其他正常的消息一样被broker处理,之所以能重试是因为consumer会把失败的消息发送回broker,broker对于重试的消息做一些特别的处理,供consumer再次发起消费 。

消息重试的主要流程:

  1. consumer消费失败,将消息发送回broker
  2. broker收到重试消息之后置换topic,存储消息
  3. consumer会拉取该topic对应的retryTopic的消息
  4. consumer拉取到retryTopic消息之后,置换到原始的topic,把消息交给listener消费

consumer发送重试消息给broker

以非顺序消息为例说明消息消费重试,首先,在消息消费失败后consumer会把消息发送回broker

// org.apache.rocketmq.client.impl.consumer.ConsumeMessageConcurrentlyService.ConsumeRequest#run
public void run() {
    // 省略部分代码...
        // 这个status是listener返回的,用户可以指定status,如果业务逻辑代码消费消息失败后可以返回org.apache.rocketmq.client.consumer.listener.ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus#RECONSUME_LATER
        // 来告诉RocketMQ需要重新消费
        // 如果是多个消息,用户还可以指定从哪一个消息开始需要重新消费
        status = listener.consumeMessage(Collections.unmodifiableList(msgs), context);
    } catch (Throwable e) {
        log.warn("consumeMessage exception: {} Group: {} Msgs: {} MQ: {}",
            RemotingHelper.exceptionSimpleDesc(e),
            ConsumeMessageConcurrentlyService.this.consumerGroup,
            msgs,
            messageQueue);
        hasException = true;
    }
    long consumeRT = System.currentTimeMillis() - beginTimestamp;
    
    // 根据不同的status判断是否成功
    if (null == status) {
        if (hasException) {
            returnType = ConsumeReturnType.EXCEPTION;
        } else {
            returnType = ConsumeReturnType.RETURNNULL;
        }
    } else if (consumeRT >= defaultMQPushConsumer.getConsumeTimeout() * 60 * 1000) {
        returnType = ConsumeReturnType.TIME_OUT;
    } else if (ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus.RECONSUME_LATER == status) {
        returnType = ConsumeReturnType.FAILED;
    } else if (ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus.CONSUME_SUCCESS == status) {
        returnType = ConsumeReturnType.SUCCESS;
    }

    if (ConsumeMessageConcurrentlyService.this.defaultMQPushConsumerImpl.hasHook()) {
        consumeMessageContext.getProps().put(MixAll.CONSUME_CONTEXT_TYPE, returnType.name());
    }

    // 用户返回null或者抛出未处理的异常,RocketMQ默认会重试
    if (null == status) {
        log.warn("consumeMessage return null, Group: {} Msgs: {} MQ: {}",
            ConsumeMessageConcurrentlyService.this.consumerGroup,
            msgs,
            messageQueue);
        status = ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus.RECONSUME_LATER;
    }
    
    if (!processQueue.isDropped()) {
        // 上面的结果在这个方法中具体处理
        ConsumeMessageConcurrentlyService.this.processConsumeResult(status, context, this);
    } else {
        log.warn("processQueue is dropped without process consume result. messageQueue={}, msgs={}", messageQueue, msgs);
    }
}

 

上面这个方法区分出不同的消费结果:

  • org.apache.rocketmq.client.consumer.listener.ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus#CONSUME_SUCCESS:消费成功,如果多个消息,用户可以指定从哪一个消息开始重试
  • org.apache.rocketmq.client.consumer.listener.ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus#RECONSUME_LATER:重试所有的消息
    • 用户返回status为RECONSUME_LATER
    • 用户返回null
    • 用户业务逻辑处理抛出异常

在确定是否需要重试的时候,进一步处理哪些消息需要重试,也就是哪些消息会发送回broker

public void processConsumeResult(
    final ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus status,
    final ConsumeConcurrentlyContext context,
    final ConsumeRequest consumeRequest
) {
    // 从哪里开始重试
    // ackIndex默认是int最大值,除非用户自己指定了从哪些消息开始重试
    int ackIndex = context.getAckIndex();

    if (consumeRequest.getMsgs().isEmpty())
        return;

    switch (status) {
        case CONSUME_SUCCESS:
            // 即使是CONSUME_SUCCESS,也可能部分消息需要重试
            if (ackIndex >= consumeRequest.getMsgs().size()) {
                ackIndex = consumeRequest.getMsgs().size() - 1;
            }
            int ok = ackIndex + 1;
            int failed = consumeRequest.getMsgs().size() - ok;
            this.getConsumerStatsManager().incConsumeOKTPS(consumerGroup, consumeRequest.getMessageQueue().getTopic(), ok);
            this.getConsumerStatsManager().incConsumeFailedTPS(consumerGroup, consumeRequest.getMessageQueue().getTopic(), failed);
            break;
        case RECONSUME_LATER:
            // 如果status是RECONSUME_LATER的时候会所有消息都会重试所以ackIndex设为-1
            ackIndex = -1;
            this.getConsumerStatsManager().incConsumeFailedTPS(consumerGroup, consumeRequest.getMessageQueue().getTopic(),
                consumeRequest.getMsgs().size());
            break;
        default:
            break;
    }

    switch (this.defaultMQPushConsumer.getMessageModel()) {
        case BROADCASTING:
            // 广播的消息不会重试
            for (int i = ackIndex + 1; i < consumeRequest.getMsgs().size(); i++) {
                MessageExt msg = consumeRequest.getMsgs().get(i);
                log.warn("BROADCASTING, the message consume failed, drop it, {}", msg.toString());
            }
            break;
        case CLUSTERING:
            // 集群消费的消息才会重试
            List<MessageExt> msgBackFailed = new ArrayList<MessageExt>(consumeRequest.getMsgs().size());
            for (int i = ackIndex + 1; i < consumeRequest.getMsgs().size(); i++) {
                MessageExt msg = consumeRequest.getMsgs().get(i);
                // 将消息发送回broker
                boolean result = this.sendMessageBack(msg, context);
                if (!result) {
                    msg.setReconsumeTimes(msg.getReconsumeTimes() + 1);
                    msgBackFailed.add(msg);
                }
            }

            if (!msgBackFailed.isEmpty()) {
                consumeRequest.getMsgs().removeAll(msgBackFailed);
                // 如果上面发送失败后后面会重新发送

                this.submitConsumeRequestLater(msgBackFailed, consumeRequest.getProcessQueue(), consumeRequest.getMessageQueue());
            }
            break;
        default:
            break;
    }

    long offset = consumeRequest.getProcessQueue().removeMessage(consumeRequest.getMsgs());
    if (offset >= 0 && !consumeRequest.getProcessQueue().isDropped()) {
        // 更新消费进度
        this.defaultMQPushConsumerImpl.getOffsetStore().updateOffset(consumeRequest.getMessageQueue(), offset, true);
    }
}

 

consumer发送消费失败的消息和普通的producer发送消息的调用路径前面不太一样,其中关键的区别是下面的方法

// org.apache.rocketmq.client.impl.consumer.DefaultMQPushConsumerImpl#sendMessageBack
public void sendMessageBack(MessageExt msg, int delayLevel, final String brokerName)
    throws RemotingException, MQBrokerException, InterruptedException, MQClientException {
    try {
        String brokerAddr = (null != brokerName) ? this.mQClientFactory.findBrokerAddressInPublish(brokerName)
            : RemotingHelper.parseSocketAddressAddr(msg.getStoreHost());
        this.mQClientFactory.getMQClientAPIImpl().consumerSendMessageBack(brokerAddr, msg,
            this.defaultMQPushConsumer.getConsumerGroup(), delayLevel, 5000, getMaxReconsumeTimes());
    } catch (Exception e) {
        log.error("sendMessageBack Exception, " + this.defaultMQPushConsumer.getConsumerGroup(), e);
        // 如果消费失败的消息发送回broker失败了,会再重试一次,和try里面的方法不一样的地方是这里直接修改topic
        // 为重试topic然后和producer发送消息的方法一样发送到broker
        Message newMsg = new Message(MixAll.getRetryTopic(this.defaultMQPushConsumer.getConsumerGroup()), msg.getBody());

        String originMsgId = MessageAccessor.getOriginMessageId(msg);
        MessageAccessor.setOriginMessageId(newMsg, UtilAll.isBlank(originMsgId) ? msg.getMsgId() : originMsgId);

        newMsg.setFlag(msg.getFlag());
        MessageAccessor.setProperties(newMsg, msg.getProperties());
        MessageAccessor.putProperty(newMsg, MessageConst.PROPERTY_RETRY_TOPIC, msg.getTopic());
        MessageAccessor.setReconsumeTime(newMsg, String.valueOf(msg.getReconsumeTimes() + 1));
        MessageAccessor.setMaxReconsumeTimes(newMsg, String.valueOf(getMaxReconsumeTimes()));
        newMsg.setDelayTimeLevel(3 + msg.getReconsumeTimes());

        this.mQClientFactory.getDefaultMQProducer().send(newMsg);
    }
}

// org.apache.rocketmq.client.impl.MQClientAPIImpl#consumerSendMessageBack
public void consumerSendMessageBack(
    final String addr,
    final MessageExt msg,
    final String consumerGroup,
    final int delayLevel,
    final long timeoutMillis,
    final int maxConsumeRetryTimes
) throws RemotingException, MQBrokerException, InterruptedException {
    ConsumerSendMsgBackRequestHeader requestHeader = new ConsumerSendMsgBackRequestHeader();
    // 和普通的发送消息的RequestCode不一样,broker处理的方法也不一样
    RemotingCommand request = RemotingCommand.createRequestCommand(RequestCode.CONSUMER_SEND_MSG_BACK, requestHeader);

    requestHeader.setGroup(consumerGroup);
    // 因为重试的消息被broker拿到后会修改topic,所以这里设置原始的topic
    requestHeader.setOriginTopic(msg.getTopic());
    // broker会根据offset查询原始的消息
    requestHeader.setOffset(msg.getCommitLogOffset());
    // 设置delayLevel,这个值决定了该消息是否会被延时消费、延时多久,
    // 用户可以设置延时等级,默认是0,不延时(但是broker端会有逻辑:如果为0会加3)
    requestHeader.setDelayLevel(delayLevel);
    // 设置最初的msgId
    requestHeader.setOriginMsgId(msg.getMsgId());
    // 设置最多被重试的次数,默认是16
    requestHeader.setMaxReconsumeTimes(maxConsumeRetryTimes);

    RemotingCommand response = this.remotingClient.invokeSync(MixAll.brokerVIPChannel(this.clientConfig.isVipChannelEnabled(), addr),
        request, timeoutMillis);
    assert response != null;
    switch (response.getCode()) {
        case ResponseCode.SUCCESS: {
            return;
        }
        default:
            break;
    }

    throw new MQBrokerException(response.getCode(), response.getRemark());
}

 

发送重试的消息的时候有几个关键属性:

originTopic:因为重试的消息被broker拿到后会修改topic,投递到所以需要保留一个原始的topic

delayLevel:该消息是否会被延时消费

maxReconsumeTimes:这个消息最多可以重试(消费)多少次

broker接收重试消息

broker处理重试消息的方式和普通消息略有不同

  1. 检查是否配置了重试的消息队列,队列是否可写
  2. 查询原始消息
  3. 判断是否超过最大重试次数或者delayLevel小于0,消息不会被重试,而是会被投递到死信队列(不会再被消费),topic是%DLQ%+group
  4. 如果delayLevel是0,0表示会被延时10s(如果是默认的延时等级,关于延时消息的部分详见:这一篇
  5. 根据原始消息构造新消息保存,差异字段为:
    1. topic:%RETRY%+group
    2. reconsumeTimes:原来的reconsumeTimes + 1,也就是说每重试一次就加1
    3. queueId:使用新的topic的queueId
    4. 新增properties:ORIGIN_MESSAGE_ID,RETRY_TOPIC(如果原来没有的话)
// 代码不再赘述,主要方法是
org.apache.rocketmq.broker.processor.SendMessageProcessor#consumerSendMsgBack

 

consumer拉取重试的消息

按照正常的消息消费流程,消息保存在broker之后,consumer就可以拉取消费了,和普通消息不一样的是拉取消息的并不是consumer本来订阅的topic,而是%RETRY%+group。

这里一直默认一开始retryTopic本身存在,这里说明一下retryTopic的来源,retryTopic创建的时机有以下几个:

  1. consumer启动后会向broker发送heartbeat数据,如果broker中还没有对应的SubscriptionGroupConfig

    信息,会创建对应topic的retryTopic:org.apache.rocketmq.broker.processor.ClientManageProcessor#heartBeatbroker

  2. broker在接收到consumer发送回来的重试的时候,如果还没有创建retryTopic的topicConfig配置,则会新建:org.apache.rocketmq.broker.processor.AbstractSendMessageProcessor#msgCheck

  3. broker在处理consumer发送回来的重试消息的时候会创建retryTopic:org.apache.rocketmq.broker.processor.SendMessageProcessor#consumerSendMsgBack

broker创建retryTopic之后,和正常的topic配置一样同步到namesrv,然后consumer就可以从namesrv获取到retryTopic配置了。

所以consumer会拉取%RETRY%+group对应的消息:

  1. consumer发送重试消息给broker以后,broker存储在新的retryTopic下,作为一个新的topic,consume会拉取这个新的topic的消息
  2. consumer拉取到这个retryTopic的消息之后再把topic换成原来的topic:org.apache.rocketmq.client.impl.consumer.ConsumeMessageConcurrentlyService#resetRetryTopic,然后交给consume的listener处理

总结

在业务处理出错的时候,常常需要重新处理,这个时候业务可以返回RECONSUME_LATER,RocketMQ就会重新将消息发送回broker,让consumer重试。而且,用户也可以根据实际情况,指定一些配置,比如:重试次数,是否延时消费等。但是需要注意的是如果业务抛出异常后无需重试,一定要catch住所有异常,避免把异常抛给RocketMQ,否则RocketMQ会认为该消息需要重试,当然也不能返回null。

 

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/sunshine-2015/p/9011446.html