240
ふるさとの雪
不可不趁三十以前立志猛进也。

字符串表达式求值(支持多种类型运算符)

一、说明

1. 输入字符串为中缀表达式,无需转为后缀表达式

2. 支持的运算符包括:

算术运算符:"+,-,*,/"

关系运算符:">,<,>=,<=,=,!="(注意等于运算符采用的是一个等号)

逻辑运算符:"&&,||"

3. 支持大于10的数字,不支持负数操作数,但支持中间结果和返回值为负数

二、算法原理&步骤

本文算法对中缀表达式形式字符串进行求值,同时支持与或运算和逻辑运算(若含有关系运算符或者逻辑运算符,则输出为1或者0)。类似于加减乘除,将关系运算符和逻辑运算符看作优先级低的运算符进行处理,优先级:算术运算符>关系运算符>逻辑运算符。

步骤:

1. 初始化两个空堆栈,一个存放操作数,一个存放运算符。

2. 从左至右扫描输入字符串,依次读取。

  • 2.1 若为操作数,则压入操作数栈;
  • 2.2 若为运算符,判断其优先级是否大于运算符栈栈顶元素优先级。若大于栈顶元素优先级,则直接压栈;否则,弹出栈顶元素operator,同时依次从操作数栈中弹出两个元素number1,number2,计算表达式(number2 operator number1)的值value,并将值value压入操作数栈。重复上述过程直至当前扫描的操作符优先级大于栈顶元素,然后将当前运算符压栈。

3. 弹出运算符栈顶元素operator,同时依次从操作数栈中弹出两个元素number1,number2,计算表达式(number2 operator number1)的值value,并将值value压入操作数栈。重复上述过程直至运算符栈为空。

4. 此时操作数栈应该只有一个元素,即为表达式的值。

三、代码&测试

求值函数:

 1 /* 字符串表达式求值
 2  * @param input: 输入的字符串
 3  * @param output: 表达式的值,若含有关系运算符则为1或者0
 4  * return 计算过程是否正常
 5  */
 6 bool ExpValue(string input,int& output)
 7 {
 8     stack<int> operand_stack;
 9     stack<string> operator_stack;
10 
11     char prev = 0; // 上一个属于运算符的字符
12     for (int i = 0; i < input.size(); i++)
13     {
14         char c = input[i];
15         // prev是否是一个完整运算符
16         if (!isOperator(c) && prev)
17         {
18             string new_op = string("").append(1, prev);
19             addNewOperator(new_op, operand_stack, operator_stack);
20             prev = 0;
21         }
22 
23         // 数字
24         if (isdigit(c))
25         {
26             int val_c = c - '0';
27             if (i > 0 && isdigit(input[i - 1]))
28             {
29                 int top_num = operand_stack.top();
30                 top_num = top_num * 10 + val_c;
31                 operand_stack.pop();
32                 operand_stack.push(top_num);
33             }
34             else
35                 operand_stack.push(val_c);
36         }
37         // 运算符字符
38         else if (isOperator(c))
39         {
40             // 处理两字符运算符
41             if (prev)
42             {
43                 string new_op = string("").append(1, prev).append(1, c);
44                 addNewOperator(new_op, operand_stack, operator_stack);
45                 prev = 0;
46             }
47             else
48                 prev = c;
49         }
50         else if (c == '(')
51             operator_stack.push("(");
52         else if (c == ')')
53         {
54             // 处理括号内的运算符
55             while (operator_stack.top()!="(")
56             {
57                 int num1 = operand_stack.top();
58                 operand_stack.pop();
59                 int num2 = operand_stack.top();
60                 operand_stack.pop();
61                 string op = operator_stack.top();
62                 operator_stack.pop();
63 
64                 int val = Calculate(num2, num1, op);
65                 operand_stack.push(val);
66             }
67             operator_stack.pop(); // 弹出"("
68         }
69     }
70     assert(operand_stack.size() == operator_stack.size() + 1);
71     // 弹出所有运算符
72     while(!operator_stack.empty())
73     {
74         int num2 = operand_stack.top();
75         operand_stack.pop();
76         int num1 = operand_stack.top();
77         operand_stack.pop();
78         string op = operator_stack.top();
79         operator_stack.pop();
80 
81         int val = Calculate(num1, num2, op);
82         operand_stack.push(val);
83     }
84 
85     if (operand_stack.size() == 1) {
86         output = operand_stack.top();
87         return true;
88     }
89     return false;
90 }

其中用到的子函数有:

/* 判断字符是否属于运算符 */
bool isOperator(char c)
{
    switch (c)
    {
    case '-':
    case '+':
    case '*':
    case '/':
    case '%':
    case '<':
    case '>':
    case '=':
    case '!':
    case '&':
    case '|':
        return true;
    default:
        return false;
    }
}

/* 获取运算符优先级 */
int getPriority(string op)
{
    int temp = 0;
    if (op == "*" || op == "/" || op == "%")
        temp = 4;
    else if (op == "+" || op == "-")
        temp = 3;
    else if (op == ">" || op == "<" || op == ">=" || op == "<="
        || op == "=" || op == "!=")
        temp = 2;
    else if (op == "&&" || op == "||")
        temp = 1;
    return temp;
}
/* 
 * 返回一个两元中缀表达式的值
 * syntax: num_front op num_back
 * @param num_front: 前操作数
 * @param num_back: 后操作数
 * @param op: 运算符
 */
int Calculate(int num_front, int num_back, string op)
{
    if (op == "+")
        return num_front + num_back;
    else if (op == "-")
        return num_front - num_back;
    else if (op == "*")
        return num_front * num_back;
    else if (op == "/")
        return num_front / num_back;
    else if (op == "%")
        return num_front % num_back;
    else if (op == "!=")
        return num_front != num_back;
    else if (op == ">=")
        return num_front >= num_back;
    else if (op == "<=")
        return num_front <= num_back;
    else if (op == "=")
        return num_front == num_back;
    else if (op == ">")
        return num_front > num_back;
    else if (op == "<")
        return num_front < num_back;
    else if (op == "&&")
        return num_front && num_back;
    else if (op == "||")
        return num_front || num_back;

    return 0;
}
/* 新运算符入栈操作 */
void addNewOperator(string new_op, stack<int>& operand_stack, stack<string>& operator_stack)
{
    while (!operator_stack.empty() && getPriority(operator_stack.top()) >= getPriority(new_op))
    {
        int num2 = operand_stack.top();
        operand_stack.pop();
        int num1 = operand_stack.top();
        operand_stack.pop();
        string op = operator_stack.top();
        operator_stack.pop();

        int val = Calculate(num1, num2, op);
        operand_stack.push(val);
    }
    operator_stack.push(new_op);
}
View Code

 

测试结果:

int main()
{
    string s0 = "10-1*10+3%2";
    string s1 = "100 + (3-33)*2";
    string s2 = "20+1 >= 20 && 20+1 < 20";
    string s3 = "10>20 || 10/1>=5";
    int ret = -1;
    if (ExpValue(s0, ret))
        cout << s0 << "的值: " << ret << endl;

    if (ExpValue(s1, ret))
        cout << s1 << "的值: " << ret << endl;

    if (ExpValue(s2, ret))
        cout << s2 << "的值: " << ret << endl;

    if (ExpValue(s3, ret))
        cout << s3 << "的值: " << ret << endl;
    return 0;
}

上述代码的执行结果为:

posted @ 2020-07-14 19:44  _蓑衣客  阅读(2242)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报