python字符串问题

相关知识点:
字符串在Python内部的表示是unicode编码，因此，在做编码转换时，通常需要以unicode作为中间编码，即先将其他编码的字符串解码（decode）成unicode，再从unicode编码（encode）成另一种编码。 
decode的作用是将其他编码的字符串转换成unicode编码，如str1.decode('gb2312')，表示将gb2312编码的字符串str1转换成unicode编码。 
encode的作用是将unicode编码转换成其他编码的字符串，如str2.encode('gb2312')，表示将unicode编码的字符串str2转换成gb2312编码。 
因此，转码的时候一定要先搞明白，字符串str是什么编码，然后decode成unicode，然后再encode成其他编码

问题：
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "do_subprocess.py", line 17, in <module>
    print(output.decode('utf-8'))
UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte 0xc8 in position 2: invalid continuation byte


原因：(相似问题)
In binary, 0xE9 looks like 1110 1001. If you read about UTF-8 on Wikipedia, you’ll see that such a byte must be followed by two of the form 10xx xxxx. So, for example:
>>> b'\xe9\x80\x80'.decode('utf-8')
u'\u9000'
But that’s just the mechanical cause of the exception. In this case, you have a string that is almost certainly encoded in latin 1. You can see how UTF-8 and latin 1 look different:
>>> u'\xe9'.encode('utf-8')
b'\xc3\xa9'
>>> u'\xe9'.encode('latin-1')
b'\xe9'
(Note, I'm using a mix of Python 2 and 3 representation here. The input is valid in any version of Python, but your Python interpreter is unlikely to actually show both unicode and byte strings in this way.)

解决方法：
将utf-8改为gbk
print(output.decode('gbk'))

参考CSDN
参考stack overflow