collections模块
一、collections
collections模块主要封装了一些关于集合类的相关操作。比如,iterable,Iteratort等等,除此之外,collections还提供了一些除基本数据类型以外的数据集合类型。Counter,deque,OrderDict,defaultdict以及namedtuple
1. Counter
- 计数器,主要用来计数
from collections import Counter s = "Hello word" print(Counter(s)) # Counter({'l': 2, 'o': 2, 'H': 1, 'e': 1, ' ': 1, 'w': 1, 'r': 1, 'd': 1}) lst = [11, 22, 33, 44, 55, 66, 55, 44, 44] el = Counter(lst) print(el[44]) # 3
2. 双向队列
- 既可从左边添加数据,也可从右边添加数据
- 既可从左边获取数据,也可从右边获取数据
from collections import deque q = deque() q.append(11) q.append(22) q.appendleft(33) print(q) # deque([33, 11, 22]) print(q[0]) # 33 print(q.pop()) # 22 print(q.popleft()) # 33
3. namedtuple(命名元组)
- 给元组内的元素进行命名
from collections import namedtuple nt = namedtuple("Point", ["x", "y"]) p = nt(1, 2) print(p.x) # 1 print(p.y) # 2
4. OrderedDict
- 有序字典,按照存储的顺序保存
5. defaultdict
- 给字典设置默认值。当key不存在时,直接获取默认值
- defaultdict括号内对象必须为可调用对象
from collections import defaultdict dic1 = defaultdict(list) print(dic1["name"]) # [] print(dic1) # defaultdict(<class 'list'>, {'name': []}) def func(): return 'Tom' dic = defaultdict(func) print(dic["name"]) # Tom
应用:
# 将lst = [11, 22, 33, 44, 55, 66, 77, 88, 99]大于等于66放入字典"key1"中,小于66放入字典"key2"中 from collections import defaultdict lst = [11, 22, 33, 44, 55, 66, 77, 88, 99] dic = defaultdict(list) for el in lst: if el < 66: dic["key2"].append(el) else: dic["key1"].append(el) dic = dict(dic) print(dic) # {'key2': [11, 22, 33, 44, 55], 'key1': [66, 77, 88, 99]}