iOS 委托模式
转载
http://blog.csdn.net/crayondeng/article/details/9368461
委托Delegate是协议的一种,通过一种@protocol的方式实现,顾名思义,就是委托他人帮自己去做什么事。也就是当自己做什么事情不方便的时候,就可以建立一个委托,这样就可以委托他人帮自己去实现什么方法。
实现委托的过程中还要注意一些问题:
1、委托过程中需要定义协议@protocol ,这个协议可以单独New File成一个单独的协议文件,也可以放在委托对象的头文件中,一般的习惯是后者。
2、在协议中定义委托对象需要委托别人处理的一些方法,用于传值或者传事件。
3、委托类中需要定义一个协议的实例对象,注意属性一般设置为assign而非retain(一般命名为delegate,但是注意假如给类中原本就又这个属性,就要换一个名字),通过这个协议实例对象就可以调用协议中的方法(即委托方法)。
4、被委托类中需要在自身的interface中声明协议:<XXXDelegate>,表示该类要实现XXXDelegate协议中的方法。
5、注意最后要把委托类对象的delegate设置为被委托类对象,一般的处理有两种方法:
①委托类对象.delegate = 被委托类对象。
②在被委托类里定义一个委托类对象,并设置委托类对象.delegate = self (例子三)
下面通过三个例子demo就可以更生动的体会了。
一、通过委托传值
下面简要说明一下这个例子:
委托类是:Customer,其中委托协议中定义了一个方法,该方法表示customer要买一个iphone(会传递一个iphone型号参数),customer通过委托delegate调用这个方法表示customer要买iphone。
被委托类是:Businessman,其继承这个协议,实现了协议中的方法,也即处理了委托类customer要买iphone的需要。
下面贴代码:
Customer.h
- #import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
- @protocol MyDelegate <NSObject>
- -(void)buyIphone:(NSString*)iphoneType;
- @end
- @interface Customer : NSObject
- @property(nonatomic,assign)id<MyDelegate> delegate;
- -(void)willBuy;
- @end
Customer.m
- #import "Customer.h"
- @implementation Customer
- @synthesize delegate;
- -(void)willBuy {
- [delegate buyIphone:@"Iphone5"];
- }
- @end
Businessman.h
- #import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
- #import "Customer.h"
- @interface Businessman : NSObject<MyDelegate>
- @end
Businessman.m
- #import "Businessman.h"
- @implementation Businessman
- -(void)buyIphone:(NSString *)iphoneType {
- NSLog(@"There is an Iphone store,we have %@",iphoneType);
- }
- @end
main.m
- #import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
- #import "Customer.h"
- #import "Businessman.h"
- int main(int argc, const char * argv[])
- {
- @autoreleasepool {
- // insert code here...
- Customer *customer = [[Customer alloc]init];
- Businessman *businessman = [[Businessman alloc]init];
- customer.delegate = businessman;
- [customer willBuy];
- }
- return 0;
- }
二、通过委托传事件
下面也是简单说一下这个例子:
委托类:Boss 他要处理起草文件和接电话的任务,但是他本身并不实现这些事件响应的方法,而是通过委托让他的被委托类来实现这些响应方法。
被委托类:Secretary 他受Boss的委托实现起草文件和接电话任务的方法。
下面贴代码:
Boss.h
- #import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
- @protocol MissionDelegate <NSObject>
- -(void)draftDocuments;
- -(void)tellPhone;
- @end
- @interface Boss : NSObject
- @property(nonatomic, assign)id<MissionDelegate> delegate;
- -(void)manage;
- @end
Boss.m
- #import "Boss.h"
- @implementation Boss
- @synthesize delegate = _delegate;
- -(void)manage {
- [_delegate draftDocuments];
- [_delegate tellPhone];
- }
- @end
Secretary.h
- #import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
- #import "Boss.h"
- @interface Secretary : NSObject <MissionDelegate>
- @end
Secretary.m
- #import "Secretary.h"
- @implementation Secretary
- -(void)draftDocuments {
- NSLog(@"Secretary draft documents");
- }
- -(void)tellPhone {
- NSLog(@"Secretary tell phone");
- }
- @end
main.m
- #import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
- #import "Secretary.h"
- #import "Boss.h"
- int main(int argc, const char * argv[])
- {
- @autoreleasepool {
- // insert code here...
- Boss *boss = [[Boss alloc] init];
- Secretary *secretary = [[Secretary alloc] init];
- boss.delegate = secretary;
- [boss manage];
- }
- return 0;
- }
三、这个例子两个view视图之间传递参数
定义一个MyView类,在这个视图中添加了一个button,button的事件响应他本身不处理,而让被委托类去处理,所以它就是委托类。
在主视图中,添加一个MyView类的实例对象,设置该实例对象的代理为self,所以它就是委托类了。
下面还是贴代码,应该都是很容易看懂的。
MyView.h
- #import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
- @protocol MyDelegate <NSObject>
- -(void)print:(NSString*)viewName;
- @end
- @interface MyView : UIView
- @property(nonatomic,assign)id<MyDelegate> mydelegate;
- @end
MyView.m
- #import "MyView.h"
- @implementation MyView
- @synthesize mydelegate = _mydelegate;
- - (id)initWithFrame:(CGRect)frame
- {
- self = [super initWithFrame:frame];
- if (self) {
- //代码创建一个button
- UIButton *button = [UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeRoundedRect];
- [button setTitle:@"Button" forState:UIControlStateNormal];
- [button setFrame:CGRectMake(10, 10, 100, 50)];
- [button setTintColor:[UIColor blueColor]];
- //Target-Action模式 为button指定事件处理对象target为self,事件处理方法为buttonPressed
- [button addTarget:self action:@selector(buttonPressed) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];
- [self addSubview:button];
- }
- return self;
- }
- //事件处理的响应方法
- -(void)buttonPressed{
- [_mydelegate print:@"this is a view"];
- }
- @end
DelegateViewController.h
- #import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
- #import "MyView.h"
- @interface DelegateViewController : UIViewController<MyDelegate>
- @end
DelegateViewController.m
- #import "DelegateViewController.h"
- @interface DelegateViewController ()
- @end
- @implementation DelegateViewController
- - (id)initWithNibName:(NSString *)nibNameOrNil bundle:(NSBundle *)nibBundleOrNil
- {
- self = [super initWithNibName:nibNameOrNil bundle:nibBundleOrNil];
- if (self) {
- // Custom initialization
- }
- return self;
- }
- - (void)viewDidLoad
- {
- [super viewDidLoad];
- // Do any additional setup after loading the view.
- MyView *myView = [[MyView alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(50, 100, 200, 100)];
- [myView setBackgroundColor:[UIColor yellowColor]];
- myView.mydelegate = self;
- [self.view addSubview:myView];
- }
- -(void)print:(NSString *)viewName {
- NSLog(@"%@",viewName);
- }
- - (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning
- {
- [super didReceiveMemoryWarning];
- // Dispose of any resources that can be recreated.
- }
- @end
ok,研究了一个上午,大致算是弄懂了吧!