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Managed C# Byte Arrays to Un-Managed C++ Byte Arrays

 

 Posted in software by Christopher R. Wirz on Sat Jul 08 2017

Bytes are very foundational in C#, whether streams, image files, or cryptography. Sometimes, you want to re-use unmanaged code (it can compile almost anywhere), but don't want to write it all in C#, just pass the bytes. Fortunately, passing byte arrays can be done!

Note: This article assumes three separate files:
  • An unmanaged C++ lib
  • A managed C++ DLL
  • A managed C# executable

But it could also be done in two files:
  • A managed C++ DLL
  • A managed C# executable

If possible, compile the native C++ into a lib file so it can be directly embedded in an application or managed C++ DLL.


// "NativeClass.h"
using namespace std;

namespace NativeCode 
{
	class NativeClass 
	{
		public:
			NativeClass(std::vector<unsigned int> items);
			int length();
			unsigned int operator[] (int index);
			unsigned char* GetBytes();
		
		private:
			std::vector<unsigned int> items;
	};
}


// "NativeClass.cpp"
#include "NativeClass.h"
namespace NativeCode 
{
	NativeClass::NativeClass(std::vector<unsigned int> items) {
		this->items = items;
	}
	int NativeClass::length() {
		return (int)(this->items.size());
	}
	unsigned int NativeClass::operator[] (int index) {
		if (index < 0) {
			return 0;
		}
		if (this->length() <= 0) {
			return 0;
		}
		if (index >= this->length()) {
			return 0;
		}
		return this->items[index];
	}
	unsigned char* NativeClass::GetBytes() {
		unsigned char* ret = new unsigned char[this->length()];
		// item-wise, to prove a point
		for (int n = 0; n < this->length(); n++) {
			ret[n] = (*this)[n];
		}
		return ret;
	}

}

Once the lib file is generated, link it to a manged C++ DLL. Managed DLLs are made using the compiler flag /cli.

The thing to note is that you can't pass managed objects into unmanaged memory in most cases. So, to be safe, copies must be made. The managed C++ class holds a pointer to the unmanaged class - it is just a wrapper and has no real logic; only data copying.


// "ManagedClass.h"
#include "../NativeCode/NativeClass.h"
namespace ManagedCode 
{
	public ref class ManagedClass
	{
		public:
			ManagedClass(cli::array<System::Byte>^ bytes);
			property int Length {
				int get();
			}
			unsigned int operator[] (int index);
			cli::array<System::Byte>^ GetBytes();
			
			// Dispose method will make IDisposable
			~ManagedClass();
		
		private:
			NativeCode::NativeClass* _nativePtr;
	};
}


// "ManagedClass.cpp"
#include "stdafx.h"
#include <string>
#include <msclr\marshal_cppstd.h>
#include "ManagedClass.h"
namespace ManagedCode 
{
	ManagedClass::ManagedClass(cli::array<ystem::Byte>^ bytes) {
		pin_ptr<System::Byte> p = &bytes[0];
		unsigned char* uchars = p;
		char* chars = reinterpret_cast<char*>(uchars);
		int sz = strlen(chars);
		std::vector<unsigned int> items = std::vector<unsigned int>(sz);
		for (int n = sz - 1; n >= 0; n--) {
			items[n] = (unsigned int)chars[n];
		}
		_nativePtr = new NativeCode::NativeClass(items);
	}
	int ManagedClass::Length::get()
	{
		return _nativePtr->length();
	}
	unsigned int ManagedClass::operator[](unsigned int index)
	{
		return (*_nativePtr)[index];
	}
	cli::array<System::Byte>^ ManagedClass::GetBytes() {
		unsigned char* buf = _nativePtr->GetBytes();
		int len = _nativePtr->length();
		cli::array<System::Byte>^ byteArray = gcnew cli::array<System::Byte>(len);
		System::Runtime::InteropServices::Marshal::Copy((IntPtr)buf, byteArray, 0, len);
		delete buf;
		return byteArray;
	}
	ManagedClass::~ManagedClass() { delete _nativePtr; }
}

Since the managed C++ DLL is done, it can be referenced from a C# project easily (making certain of x64 vs x86 compatibility).

There is one little trick to do at the end if you want subsetting. The trick is to create a child class.


// "DotNetClass.cs"
namespace MyApplication
{
	public class DotNetClass : ManagedCode.ManagedClass
	{
		public DotNetClass(byte[] bytes) : base(bytes){}
		
		// Since subscript indexing does not translate, this must be done
		public uint this[int key] => base.op_Subscript(key);
	}
}

Now byte arrays can pass between managed and unmanaged code.


return char array c++ dll to c#

你的问题似乎是如何在 C++ DLL 中返回一个字符数组,并且如何在 C# 中调用这个 DLL。下面是针对这个问题的回答。

首先,要在 C++ DLL 中返回一个字符数组,可以使用以下方法:

 
cpp
复制代码
// 定义一个函数,返回 char* 类型的指针
extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) char* myFunc()
{
    // 定义一个 char 数组,存放要返回的字符串
    char myString[] = "Hello World";
    
    // 在函数内部动态分配内存,以便返回 char* 指针
    char* strPtr = new char[strlen(myString) + 1];
    strcpy_s(strPtr, strlen(myString) + 1, myString);
    
    // 返回 char* 指针
    return strPtr;
}

在上述代码中,我们先定义了一个 char 数组 myString,它存放了要返回的字符串。然后我们在函数内部动态分配了一块内存,将 myString 中的字符串复制到这个内存块中,并返回指向该内存块的指针。

接下来,我们可以在 C# 中调用这个 C++ DLL,如下所示:

 
csharp
复制代码
[DllImport("myDll.dll", CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
public static extern IntPtr myFunc();

// 在某个方法中调用 myFunc
IntPtr strPtr = myFunc();
string myString = Marshal.PtrToStringAnsi(strPtr);

在上述代码中,我们首先声明了一个名为 myFunc 的函数,它使用 DllImport 特性指定了要调用的 DLL 名称,以及调用约定。在调用 myFunc 函数时,我们可以得到返回的 char* 指针,并使用 Marshal.PtrToStringAnsi 方法将其转换为 C# 中的字符串。

需要注意的是,在 C++ 中使用 new 进行内存分配时,必须使用相应的 delete 释放内存。在 C# 中使用 IntPtr 获取到的指针,在使用完毕后也需要调用 Marshal.FreeHGlobal 释放内存。

 
文心一言 我来纠正它:

首先,这是C++ DLL的示例代码:

cpp复制代码
  extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) char* GetCharArray() {
  const char* arr = "Hello, World!";
  char* copy = new char[strlen(arr) + 1];
  strcpy(copy, arr);
  return copy;
  }

这段代码定义了一个函数GetCharArray,它返回一个字符数组。这个数组是通过复制字符串"Hello, World!"创建的。

然后,这是如何在C#中使用P/Invoke调用这个函数:

csharp复制代码
  using System;
  using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
   
  class Program {
  [DllImport("YourDllName", CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
  private static extern IntPtr GetCharArray();
   
  static void Main() {
  IntPtr ptr = GetCharArray();
  string result = Marshal.PtrToStringAnsi(ptr);
  Console.WriteLine(result); // 输出 "Hello, World!"
  }
  }

这段C#代码中,DllImport属性用于导入DLL,CallingConvention.Cdecl指定调用约定,Marshal.PtrToStringAnsi用于将指针转换为字符串。注意,你需要将YourDllName替换为你的DLL的实际名称。

请注意,此代码没有处理内存管理问题。在C++ DLL中,我们使用new创建了一个字符数组,这意味着在C#中调用这个函数后,我们需要手动释放这块内存。在C#中,你可以使用Marshal.FreeString来释放这块内存。但在实践中,通常建议在C++ DLL中使用智能指针或类似机制来自动管理内存,以避免内存泄漏问题。

用Marshal.FreeString释放C++内存堆中new的指针,这样不可以的吧?你确定吗?
对不起,我之前的回答有误。在C++中,使用new分配的内存应该使用delete来释放,而不是在C#中用Marshal.FreeString。使用Marshal.FreeString只会释放由C#字符串分配的内存,并不能释放C++中new分配的内存。因此,你应该在C++代码中包含适当的清理代码,以确保正确地释放内存。
请修改完整的例子再给我,
当然可以。以下是一个修改后的例子,其中包含了C++ DLL和C#应用程序的完整代码,包括内存释放的正确处理
 

C++ DLL (MyDll.cpp):

cpp复制代码
  #include <iostream>
  #include <string>
   
  extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) std::string GetCharArray() {
  std::string arr = "Hello, World!";
  char* copy = new char[arr.length() + 1];
  strcpy(copy, arr.c_str());
  return copy;
  }
   
  extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) void FreeCharArray(char* ptr) {
  delete[] ptr;
  }

C# 应用程序 (Program.cs):

csharp复制代码
  using System;
  using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
   
  class Program {
  [DllImport("MyDll", CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
  private static extern string GetCharArray();
   
  [DllImport("MyDll", CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
  private static extern void FreeCharArray(string ptr);
   
  static void Main() {
  string result = GetCharArray();
  Console.WriteLine(result); // 输出 "Hello, World!"
   
  // 释放内存
  FreeCharArray(result);
  }
  }

在这个例子中,C++ DLL中使用了new来分配内存,并在FreeCharArray函数中用delete[]来释放内存。在C#应用程序中,我们通过P/Invoke调用了这两个函数,并在使用完字符串后,通过FreeCharArray释放了内存。这样就可以确保内存的正确管理和释放。

文心大模型3.5生成
 
 
 
 
 
posted on 2023-08-29 09:55  不及格的程序员-八神  阅读(12)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报