java ArrayBlockingQueue详解
ArrayBlockingQueue介绍
ArrayBlockingQueue是最典型的有界阻塞队列,其内部是用数组存储元素的,初始化时需要指定容量大小,利用 ReentrantLock 实现线程安全。
在生产者-消费者模型中使用时,如果生产速度和消费速度基本匹配的情况下,使用ArrayBlockingQueue是个不错选择;当如果生产速度远远大于消费速度,则会导致队列填满,大量生产线程被阻塞。
使用独占锁ReentrantLock实现线程安全,入队和出队操作使用同一个锁对象,也就是只能有一个线程可以进行入队或者出队操作;这也就意味着生产者和消费者无法并行操作,在高并发场景下会成为性能瓶颈。
ArrayBlockingQueue的源码分析
【1】属性值
/** 队列元素数组 */
final Object[] items;
/** 下一个被take,poll,peek,remove的元素位置 */
int takeIndex;
/** 插入位置包含put,offer,add */
int putIndex;
/** 队列元素的数量 */
int count;
/** 重入锁 */
final ReentrantLock lock;
/** 等待获取的条件队列 */
private final Condition notEmpty;
/** 等待插入的条件队列 */
private final Condition notFull;
//迭代器的共享状态
transient Itrs itrs = null;
【2】构造函数
//默认采用非公平锁
public ArrayBlockingQueue(int capacity) {
this(capacity, false);
}
public ArrayBlockingQueue(int capacity, boolean fair) {
if (capacity <= 0)
throw new IllegalArgumentException();
this.items = new Object[capacity];
lock = new ReentrantLock(fair);
notEmpty = lock.newCondition();
notFull = lock.newCondition();
}
public ArrayBlockingQueue(int capacity, boolean fair,Collection<? extends E> c) {
//初始化阻塞队列
this(capacity, fair);
//加锁将数组元素填入阻塞队列(主要是考虑到重排序和可见性问题,因为Object[] items 并没有加上 volatile 属性)
final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
lock.lock(); // Lock only for visibility, not mutual exclusion
try {
int i = 0;
try {
for (E e : c) {
checkNotNull(e);
items[i++] = e;
}
} catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException ex) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException();
}
count = i;
//将插入位置下变更
putIndex = (i == capacity) ? 0 : i;
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
【3】核心方法分析
1)入队put方法
public void put(E e) throws InterruptedException {
//检查是否为空
checkNotNull(e);
final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
//加锁,如果线程中断抛出异常
lock.lockInterruptibly();
try {
//阻塞队列已满,则将生产者挂起,等待消费者唤醒
//设计注意点: 用while不用if是为了防止虚假唤醒
while (count == items.length)
notFull.await(); //队列满了,使用notFull等待(生产者阻塞)
// 入队
enqueue(e);
} finally {
lock.unlock(); // 唤醒消费者线程
}
}
private void enqueue(E x) {
final Object[] items = this.items;
//入队 使用的putIndex
items[putIndex] = x;
if (++putIndex == items.length)
putIndex = 0; //设计的精髓: 环形数组,putIndex指针到数组尽头了,返回头部
count++;
//notEmpty条件队列转同步队列,准备唤醒消费者线程,因为入队了一个元素,肯定不为空了
notEmpty.signal();
}
2)出队take方法
public E take() throws InterruptedException {
final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
//加锁,如果线程中断抛出异常
lock.lockInterruptibly();
try {
//如果队列为空,则消费者挂起
while (count == 0)
notEmpty.await();
//出队
return dequeue();
} finally {
lock.unlock();// 唤醒生产者线程
}
}
private E dequeue() {
final Object[] items = this.items;
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
E x = (E) items[takeIndex]; //取出takeIndex位置的元素
items[takeIndex] = null;
if (++takeIndex == items.length)
takeIndex = 0; //设计的精髓: 环形数组,takeIndex 指针到数组尽头了,返回头部
count--;
if (itrs != null)
itrs.elementDequeued();
//notFull条件队列转同步队列,准备唤醒生产者线程,此时队列有空位
notFull.signal();
return x;
}
3)其余offer&poll&peek&remove方法
public boolean offer(E e) {
checkNotNull(e);
final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
lock.lock();
try {
if (count == items.length)
return false;
else {
enqueue(e);
return true;
}
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
//本质区别在于设置了超时时间,超时后选择不加入,返回false
public boolean offer(E e, long timeout, TimeUnit unit) throws InterruptedException {
checkNotNull(e);
long nanos = unit.toNanos(timeout);
final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
lock.lockInterruptibly();
try {
while (count == items.length) {
if (nanos <= 0)
return false;
//生产线程堵塞nanos时间,也有可能被唤醒,如果超过nanos时间还未被唤醒,则nanos=0,再次循环,就会返回false
nanos = notFull.awaitNanos(nanos);
}
enqueue(e);
return true;
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
public E poll() {
final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
lock.lock();
try {
return (count == 0) ? null : dequeue();
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
//本质区别在于设置了超时时间,超时后选择不获取,返回null
public E poll(long timeout, TimeUnit unit) throws InterruptedException {
long nanos = unit.toNanos(timeout);
final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
lock.lockInterruptibly();
try {
while (count == 0) {
if (nanos <= 0)
return null;
nanos = notEmpty.awaitNanos(nanos);
}
return dequeue();
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
public E peek() {
final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
lock.lock();
try {
//通过下标查找直接返回
return itemAt(takeIndex); // null when queue is empty
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
final E itemAt(int i) {
return (E) items[i];
}
public boolean remove(Object o) {
if (o == null) return false;
final Object[] items = this.items;
final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
lock.lock();
try {
if (count > 0) {
final int putIndex = this.putIndex;
int i = takeIndex;
do {
if (o.equals(items[i])) {
removeAt(i);
return true;
}
if (++i == items.length)
i = 0;
} while (i != putIndex);
}
return false;
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
void removeAt(final int removeIndex) {
final Object[] items = this.items;
if (removeIndex == takeIndex) {
// removing front item; just advance
items[takeIndex] = null;
if (++takeIndex == items.length)
takeIndex = 0;
count--;
if (itrs != null)
itrs.elementDequeued();
} else {
final int putIndex = this.putIndex;
for (int i = removeIndex;;) {
int next = i + 1;
if (next == items.length)
next = 0;
if (next != putIndex) {
items[i] = items[next];
i = next;
} else {
items[i] = null;
this.putIndex = i;
break;
}
}
count--;
if (itrs != null)
itrs.removedAt(removeIndex);
}
notFull.signal();
}
ArrayBlockingQueue总结
【1】有界阻塞队列,先进先出,存取相互排斥
【2】数据结构:静态数组(容量固定须指定长度,没有扩容机制,没有元素的位置也占用空间,被null占位)
【3】ReentrantLock锁保证互斥性:存取都是同一把锁,操作的是同一个数组对象,存取相互排斥
【4】阻塞对象(notEmpty【出队:队列count=0,无元素可取时,阻塞在该对象上】,notFull【入队:队列count=length,放不进元素时,阻塞在该对象上】)
【5】入队,从队首开始添加元素,记录putIndex(到队尾时设置为0),唤醒notEmpty
【6】出队,从队首开始添加元素,记录takeIndex(到队尾时设置为0),唤醒notFull
【7】两个指针都是从队首向队尾移动,保证队列的先进先出原则(亮点:利用指针和数组,形成环状结构,重复利用内存空间)