新概念 3 册 Lesson22
By heart
生词和短语
run (ran, run)
v. （戏剧，电影等）连演，连映
lines
n. （剧本中的）台词
part
n. 剧中的角色，台词
falter
v. 支吾，结巴说
cast (cast, cast)
v. 连派……扮演角色
role
n. 角色
aristocrat
n. 贵族
imprison
v. 关押
Bastille
n. 巴士底狱
gaoler
n. 监狱长，看守
colleague
n. 同事
curtain
n. （舞台上的）幕布
reveal
v. 使显露
cell
n. 单人监房，监号
blank
adj. 空白的
squint
v. 眯着（眼）看，瞄
dim
adj. 昏暗
sire
n. （古用法）陛下
proceed
v. 继续进行
lines [laɪnz]
n. （演员的）台词
lines 台词
part 台词、剧中的某个角色
role 角色
plays the role / part of 扮演某个角色
He plays the role / part of Hamlet.
leading role 主角
supporting role 配角
hero / leading man 男主人公
heroine / leading lady 女主人公
cast 电影、戏剧的全体演员
an all-star cast 全明星的阵容
cast [kɑ:st] [kæ st]
v. 选派……扮演角色
be cast as / in the role of … 被指派扮演
He was cast as / in the role of Othello.
play / perform / act (the role / part of) … 扮演...的角色
He played / performed / acted (the role / part of) Othello.
play the lead in ... 主演
Bruce Willis played the lead in ‘The Sixth Sense’.
star v.主演 n. 演员
Harrison Ford starred in ‘Air Force One’.
‘Air Force One’ starred Harrison Ford. 由某人主演
imprison [ɪm'prɪzn]
v. 关押
把某人关进监狱
imprison sb.
incarcerate sb.
jail / gaol sb.
send sb. to prison
put sb. in prison
lock up sb.
宣判
be sentenced to …
He was sentenced
--to 10 years in prison. 10年有期徒刑
--to life imprisonment. 无期徒刑
--to death. 死刑
reveal [rɪ'vi:l]
v. 使显露；揭示
Her laugh revealed her even teeth. 轻启朱唇
reveal sth. to sb. 把某事揭示给某人
The doctor did not reveal the truth to the patient.
conceal sth. from sb. 向某人隐瞒某事
The doctor concealed the truth from the patient.
expose 暴露
The soldiers were warned not to expose themselves.
squint [skwɪnt]
v. 眯着眼看
squint at …
squint one’s eyes
peer at … 费力地看
peep / peek at … 偷窥
leer at … 色迷迷地看
He was always leering at female members of staff.
glance at … 匆匆看一眼
glimpse … 无意看到
gaze at … 看地出神了
stare at … 瞪大眼睛地看
gape at … 张着嘴傻看
glare at … 怒目而视
sire ['saɪə(r)]
n. 陛下（王室成员的尊称）
Your Majesty 陛下（面前说
His / Her Majesty 陛下（谈论
My Lord 贵族、法官、大主教
Your Excellency 阁下
His / Her Excellency 阁下（聊天提到
proceed [prə'si:d]
v. 继续
proceed with … 继续做同一件事
proceed to do … 继续做另外一件事
go on with … 继续做同一件事
go on to do … 继续做另外一件事
go on doing … 不停地做某事
继续做同一件事
continue to do …
continue doing …
carry on with …
carry on doing …
课文
By heart
Some plays are so successful that they run for years on end. In many ways, this is unfortunate for the poor actors who are required to go on repeating the same lines night after night. One would expect them to know their parts by heart and never have cause to falter. Yet this is not always the case.
A famous actor in a highly successful play was once cast in the role of an aristocrat who had been imprisoned in the Bastille for twenty years. In the last act, a gaoler would always come on to the stage with a letter which he would hand to the prisoner. Even though the noble was expected to read the letter at each performance, he always insisted that it should be written out in full.
One night, the gaoler decided to play a joke on his colleague to find out if, after so many performances, he had managed to learn the contents of the letter by heart. The curtain went up on the final act of the play and revealed the aristocrat sitting alone behind bars in his dark cell. Just then, the gaoler appeared with the precious letter in his bands. He entered the cell and presented the letter to the aristocrat. But the copy he gave him had not been written out in full as usual. It was simply a blank sheet of paper. The gaoler looked on eagerly, anxious to see if his fellow actor had at last learnt his lines. The noble stared at the blank sheet of paper for a few seconds. Then, squinting his eyes, he said: 'The light is dim. Read the letter to me'. And he promptly handed the sheet of paper to the gaoler. Finding that he could not remember a word of the letter either, the gaoler replied: 'The light is indeed dim, sire, I must get my glasses.' With this, he hurried off the stage. Much to the aristocrat's amusement, the gaoler returned a few moments later with a pair of glasses and the usual copy of the letter with he proceeded to read to the prisoner.
参考译文
有些剧目十分成功，以致连续上演好几年。这样一来，可怜的演员们可倒霉了。因为他们需要一夜连着一夜地重复同样的台词。人们以为，这些演员一定会把台词背得烂熟，绝不会临场结巴的，但情况却并不总是这样。
有一位名演员曾在一出极为成功的剧目中扮演一个贵族角色，这个贵族已在巴士底狱被关押了20年。在最后一幕中，狱卒手持一封信上场，然后将信交给狱中那位贵族。尽管那个贵族每场戏都得念一遍那封信。但他还是坚持要求将信的全文写在信纸上。
一天晚上，狱卒决定与他的同事开一个玩笑，看看他反复演出这么多场之后，是否已将信的内容记熟了。大幕拉开，最后一幕戏开演，贵族独自一人坐在铁窗后阴暗的牢房里。这时狱卒上场，手里拿着那封珍贵的信。狱卒走进牢房，将信交给贵族。但这回狱卒给贵族的信没有像往常那样把全文写全，而是一张白纸。狱卒热切地观察着，急于想了解他的同事是否记熟了台词。贵族盯着纸看了几秒钟，然后，眼珠一转，说道：“光线太暗，请给我读一下这封信。”说完，他一下子把信递给狱卒。狱卒发现自己连一个字也记不住，于是便说：“陛下，这儿光线的确太暗了，我得去眼镜拿来。”他一边说着，一边匆匆下台。贵族感到非常好笑的是：一会儿工夫，狱卒重新登台，拿来一副眼镜以及平时使用的那封信，然后为那囚犯念了起来。
By heart
learn / know sth. by heart 熟记
bear / keep sth. in mind 把...牢牢记住
make a mental note 记住哟
remember / recall / recollect sth. 回忆起
remind sb. of sth. 回忆起
bring back memories 回忆起往事
Richard, these are terrific pictures. This one really brings back memories.
in retrospect 回首往事
In retrospect, I think my marriage was doomed from the beginning.
… to remember 令人难忘的
a day to remember
Gandalf, my old friend … this will be a night to remember.
ring a bell 依稀记得
(A) I haven't called Bill.
(B) I don't recognize that name.
(C) That doorbell doesn't work.
(D) I didn't ring that bell.
That name just doesn't ring a bell with me.
Answer: (B) I don't recognize that name.
have a short memory 记性差
(A) The man shouldn't have invited her roommate to the meeting.
(B) Her roommate was unable to attend the meeting.
(C) Her roommate is unreliable about delivering messages.
(D) She forgot about the time change.
M: Why did you come to the meeting late? I left a message with your roommate about the time change.
W: She has a very short memory and it really gets on my nerve sometimes.
Q: What does the woman imply?
Answer: (C) Her roommate is unreliable about delivering messages.
Some plays are so successful that they run for years on end.
The movie has been running for 2 months. 连续继续连映
The movie has ended its run.
连续
on end
in a row
successively
(A) She rearranged the chapters of her book.
(B) She assured him that the chapter was finished.
(C) She worked on the chapter for quite a while.
(D) She wasn't sure how to end the book.
W: Did Linda ever finish that introductory chapter?
M: I'm not sure. She's spent hours on end rewriting it.
Q: What does the man imply about Linda?
Answer: (C) She worked on the chapter for quite a while.
(A) She wishes the rain would stop soon.
(B) She doesn’t care about the weather.
(C) She’ll go out after the rain stops.
(D) She expects it to rain for four more days.
M: It’s raining again.
W: This makes it four days in a row. Do you think it’ll ever stop?
Q: What does the woman mean?
Answer: (A) She wishes the rain would stop soon.
In many ways, this is unfortunate for the poor actors who are required to go on repeating the same lines night after night.
很多方面
in many ways
in many respects
in many aspects
在不止一方方面地含义
in more ways than one
Considering the amount she paid, he was dear in more ways than one.
require sb. to do 要求某人做某事（命令式 长官、长辈
request sb. to do 要求某人做某事 （客气礼貌
You’re required not to smoke here.
You’re requested not to smoke here.
不停地做某事
go on doing
keep (on) doing
夜复一夜
night after night
night by night
one night after another
把...记住
know / learn sth. by heart
learn sth.
One would expect them to know their parts by heart and never have cause to falter. Yet this is not always the case.
理由
Our vicar is always raising money for one cause or another, …
the case: a true situation 实情
This is not always the case.不总是
This is indeed the case. 的确是
This is not the case at all. 完全不是
This might not be the case. 可能不是
This is not necessarily the case. 这不一定
A famous actor in a highly successful play was once cast in the role of an aristocrat who had been imprisoned in the Bastille for 20 years.
非常成功
highly successful
a highly successful Academy
… was once cast as an aristocrat
… once performed / played / acted (the role / part of) an aristocrat
使入狱 for 20 years.
had been jailed / gaoled √
had been incarcerated √
had been locked up √
不可延续动作
had been sent to prison X
had been put in prison X
In the last act, a gaoler would always come on to the stage with a letter which he would hand to the prisoner.
would 相当于 used to do 过去常常
act 幕
scene 场
It happens in Hamlet, Act 3, Scene 1.
come on 催促、得了吧
There was great applause when the Russian ballerina came on. 登台露面
appear 上台
He scored only two minutes after he'd come on. 上场（运动员
形式上的定语从句
前半句的末尾是后半句地成份，which 代替了 and&&it
… with a letter and he would hand it to the prisoner. 相当于 并列句
… with a letter to hand to the prisoner. 独立主格
Even though the noble was expected to read the letter at each performance, he always insisted that it should be written out in full.
Even though 尽管 （让步状语从句，是事实
Even if 即使、就算 （假设
应该
be expected to do
be supposed to do
should do
(A) He's supposed to go to the meeting.
(B) He wants the woman to give George the message.
(C) He doesn't know why George can't attend the meeting.
(D) He forgot to deliver a message.
W: Do you know if George is coming to the meeting?
M: Oh, no, I was supposed to tell you that he is sick and can’t come.
Q: What does the man mean?
Answer: (D) He forgot to deliver a message.
表示 “建议, 要求, 命令”动词后的宾语从句中用 (should 美，必须去掉) do
order, ask, decide, demand, require, advise, recommend, suggest, insist …
He suggested that we (should) help them with English.
The teacher ordered that the homework (should) be finished within half an hour.
坚持要求
insist on …
…, he always insisted on its being written out in full.
One night, the gaoler decided to play a joke on his colleague (目的to find out (宾if, after so many performances, he had managed to learn the contents of the letter by heart.)
跟某人开玩笑、寻开心
play a joke on sb.
He added that a student had dressed up as a policeman and was playing all sorts of silly jokes on people.
play a trick on sb. 跟某人开玩笑
He played a trick on his wife, but she beat him up.
kid (sb.) / joke 跟某人开玩笑
Are you kidding (me)?
Are you joking?
给某人讲一个笑话
have a joke with sb.
I’ve just had a joke with the manager.
嘲笑、讥笑
make fun of sb.
The other children were always making fun of him because he was fat.
捉弄、使出丑
make a fool of sb.
I suddenly realized that I was being made a fool of.
装傻、逗某人笑
play the fool (with sb.)
Stop playing the fool (with me). You’ll fall!
The curtain went up on the final act of the play and revealed the aristocrat sitting alone behind bars in his dark cell.
幕布（单
the curtain goes up / rises 升起
the curtain comes down / falls 落下
The curtain rose …
窗帘（复
draw / pull the curtains 拉窗帘
open / close the curtains 拉开 / 拉上
on the final act （on 在事件刚开始的时候
in the last act （in 在事件某一过程中
独自
alone / on one’s own / by oneself
She was sitting alone on a park bench.
I don’t like walking home on my own at night.
Do you share the apartment or do you live by yourself?
完全是一个人
all (alone / on one’s own / by oneself )
Wendy was frightened, all alone in that big old house.
亲自 、亲历亲为
oneself
Then I added with a smile,' It's a strange mixture I make myself.'
Lesson 46 Do it yourself
I would not hear of the suggestion and said that I would fix it myself.
孤单的、寂寞
lonely / lonesome
lonely hearts ad 征婚广告
Are you lonesome tonight? Do you miss me tonight? Are you sorry we drifted apart?
Just then, the gaoler appeared with the precious letter in his bands.He entered the cell and presented the letter to the aristocrat.
呈递
present sth. to sb.
present sb. with sth.
When Dickie was given the watch, he presented the assistant with the cloth bag.
He entered the cell and presented the aristocrat with the letter.
But the copy he gave him had not been written out in full as usual.It was simply a blank sheet of paper.
copy 一张一份（量词
sheet 规规矩矩的一张纸
像往常那那样
as usual （书
Sam was in a bad mood as usual.
as ever
as always （口
like always
The gaoler looked on eagerly, (原 being) anxious to see (宾 if his fellow actor had at last learnt his lines.
旁观
look on 不能加宾语
stand by 不能加宾语
Only one man tried to help us, the rest just looked on / stood by in silence.
旁观者
onlooker
bystander
look on … as … 把A看作B
We look on her as a daughter.
stand by sb. 支持帮助某人
He stood by her through the difficult times.
非谓语动词、独立主格中出现的being一般都可以去掉
… anxious to see if his fellow actor had at last learnt his lines.
= … being anxious to see if his fellow actor had at last learnt his lines
Ashamed of having acted so rashly, Dimitri apologized to Aleko for having accused him.
= Being ashamed of having acted so rashly, Dimitri apologized to Aleko for having accused him.
急切、想做某事
be anxious / eager / impatient / itching / desperate / dying to do …
can’t wait to do …
fellow + n. 身份与自己相同的人
Alf did this for over two years and his fellow dustmen kept his secret.
fellow students 同学
And so, my fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.
— John F. Kennedy
learn / know sth. by heart 背下来
learn sth.
know their parts by heart
learn the contents of the letter by heart
learn his lines
The noble stared at the blank sheet of paper for a few seconds. Then, squinting his eyes, he said: 'The light is dim. Read the letter to me'.
把...读给某人听
read sth. to sb.
read sb. sth.
Read me the letter.
Then, he squinted his eyes and said: ‘the light is dim. Read the letter to me.’
汉语：parataxis—平行语，连动句，没有轻重之别。
英语：hypotaxis—层次语，突出中心动词，次要动词状语化。
中文表达：Then, he squinted his eyes and said: ‘the light is dim. Read the letter to me.’
英文表达：Then, squinting his eyes, he said: ‘The light is dim. Read the letter to me.’
And he promptly handed the sheet of paper to the gaoler.Finding that he could not remember a word of the letter either, the gaoler replied: 'The light is indeed dim, sire, I must get my glasses.'
promptly 准时到；立即立刻
中文表达：The gaoler found that he could not remember a word of the letter either, so he replied: ‘the light is dim, sire. I must get my glasses.’
英文表达：Finding that he could not remember a word of the letter either, the gaoler replied: 'The light is indeed dim, sire, I must get my glasses.'
中文表达：He looked at his watch and saw that it was one o'clock, but the bell struck thirteen times and then it stopped.
英文表达：Looking at his watch, he saw that it was one o'clock, but the bell struck thirteen times before it stopped.
With this, he hurried off the stage.
with + 名词 / 名词短语
with the coming of spring 春天的到来
with the approach of Christmas 圣诞节临近
with the outbreak of war 战争爆发
with the progress of science 科学进步
with the evidence began to accumulate 错 began是动词，前面需要连词 as 随着
As the evidence began to accumulate, experts from the zoo felt obliged to investigate, …
Much to the aristocrat's amusement, the gaoler returned a few minutes later with a pair of glasses and the usual copy of the letter which he proceeded to read to the prisoner.
to one’s … 使某人……的是
to one’s amusement 好笑
to one’s surprise 惊讶
to one’s dismay 惊愕
to one’s delight 高兴
to one’s sorrow 伤心
to one’s excitement 兴奋不已
使某人大为……的是
much to one’s …
to one’s great …
much to the aristocrat's amusement
to the aristocrat's great amusement
形式上的定语从句
…… and he proceeded to read it to the prisoner.
He violently beat the boy and the boy later died from his injuries.
He violently beat the boy who later died from his injuries.
Ha said he had lost his watch, but it was not true.
Ha said he had lost his watch, which was not true.
