新概念 3 册 Lesson20
Pioneer pilots
生词和短语
pioneer
n. 先驱
lord
n. 对（英国）贵族的尊称；勋爵
Calais
n. 加来（法国港市）
overland
adj. 陆上的
pioneer [paɪə'nɪə(r)]
n. 先驱；v. 开拓，探索
Young Pioneers 少先队
Henry Ford was a pioneer in the auto industry. 先驱
The Wright brothers pioneered in early aviation. 开拓
break new ground 开天辟地
Deng Xiaoping’s reform programs broke new ground in China.
lead the way 领路者、先驱者
The company led the way in developing environment-friendly products.
lord [lɔ:d]
n. 对（英国）贵族的尊称，勋爵
lord n. 对贵族 (noble / aristocrat) 的尊称
Lord Northcliffe
Lord Byron
duke 公
marquis 侯
earl 伯
viscount 子
baron 男
sir n. 对爵士 (knight) 的尊称
Sir John Hawkwood
overland ['əʊvəlæ nd]
adj. 陆上的；adv. 通过陆路
an overland journey
overland adv. 通过陆路 = by land
We travelled overland / by land to Hangzhou.
by -- 不强调某一个交通工具，只是手段
by sea / by air 通过海路、通过空路
by bus / train / car / ship / boat / plane etc. 具体交通工具
in -- 强调哪一个交通工具，后面有人称和数量的变化
in his plane the 'Antoinette IV.'
on foot 徒步
drive (from …) to …
fly (from …) to …
sail (from …) to …
take a bus / taxi / train / ship / boat / plane etc.
课文
Pioneer pilots
In 1908 Lord Northcliffe offered a prize of $1,000 to the first man who would fly across the English Channel. Over a year passed before the first attempt was made. On July 19th, 1909, in the early morning, Hubert Latham took off from the French coast in his plane the 'Antoinette IV.' He had travelled only seven miles across the Channel when his engine failed and he was forced to land on sea. The 'Antoinette' floated on the water until Latham was picked up by a ship.
Two days alter, Louis Bleriot arrived near Calais with a plane called 'No. XI'. Bleriot had been making planes since 1905 and this was his lattes model. A week before, he had completed a successful overland flight during which he covered twenty-six miles. Latham, however, did not give up easily. He, too, arrived near Calais on the same day with a new 'Antoinette'. It looked as if there would be an exciting race across the Channel. Both planes were going to take off on July 25th, but Latham failed to get up early enough, After making a short test flight at 4,15 a.m., Bleriot set off half an hour later. His great flight lasted thirty-seven minutes. When he landed near Dover, the first person to greet him was a local policeman. Latham made another attempt a week later and got within half a mile of Dover, but he was unlucky again. His engine failed and he landed on the sea for the second time.
参考译文
1908年，诺斯克利夫勋爵拿出1,000英镑，作为对第一个飞越英吉利海峡的人的奖励。然而一年多过去了才有人出来尝试。1909年7月19日凌晨，休伯特.莱瑟姆驾驶“安特瓦特4号”飞机从法国海岸起飞，但他只在海峡上空飞行7英里，引擎就发生了故障，他只好降落在海面上。“安特瓦特”号飞机在海上漂浮，后来有船经过，莱瑟姆方才获救。
两天之后，路易斯.布莱里奥驾驶一名为“11号”的飞机来到加来附近。布莱里奥从1905年起便开始研制飞机，“11号”飞机是他制作的最新型号。一周以前，他曾成功地进行了一次26英里的陆上飞行。但是莱瑟姆不肯轻易罢休。同一天，他驾驶一架新的“安特瓦特”号飞机来到了加来附近。看来会有一场激烈的飞越英吉利海峡的竞争。两天飞机都打算在7月25日起飞，但莱瑟姆那天起床晚了。布莱里奥凌晨4点15分作了一次短距离试飞，半小时后便正式出发了。他这次伟大的飞行持续37分钟。当他在多佛着陆后，第一个迎接他的是当地一名警察。莱瑟姆一周以后也作了一次尝试，飞到离多佛不到半英里的地方。这次他又遭厄运，因引擎故障第二次降落在海面上。
In 1908 Lord Northcliffe offered a prize of $1,000 to the first man who would fly across the English Channel.
给某人提供某个东西
offer sb. sth.
offer sth. to sb.
选择 短的 放前面
In 1908 Lord Northcliffe offered a prize of £1,000 to the first man who would fly across the English Channel.
An aeroplane offers you an unusual and breathtaking view of the world.
Shops cater for the do-it-yourself craze not only by running special advisory services for novices, but by offering consumers bits and pieces which they can assemble at home.
主动提出做某事
offer to do = volunteer to do
In times of peace, when business was bad, Hawkwood and his men would march into a city-state and, after burning down a few farms, would offer to go away if protection money was paid to them.
He offered to train Mendoza and his young pupil was quick to learn.
a ￡1,000 of prize X
a prize of ￡1,000 √ 奖金
a ransom of ￡1,000 赎金
a reward of ￡1,000 酬金
a debt of ￡1,000 债务
a fund of ￡1,000 基金
a scholarship of ￡1,000 奖学金
an investment of ￡1,000 投资
动词 + across(介) + 宾语
fly across the English channel
cross + 宾语 + 方式状语
cross the English channel by plane
the (English) Channel 特质英吉利海峡
海峡
strait
the Bering Strait
the Taiwan Strait
Over a year passed before(才) the first attempt was made.
before
才
Looking at his watch, he saw that it was one o'clock, but the bell struck thirteen times before it stopped.
就（没一会）
I hadn’t waited long before he came.
然后
I shaved before I went to the party.
Alfred stayed in the camp a week before he returned to Athelney.
when
就（主句的时间很短）
He had travelled only seven miles across the Channel when his engine failed and he was forced to land on the sea.
才（主句的时间很长）
The plane had been planting seed for nearly a month when it began to rain.
然后
Shrugging my shoulders, I began to walk away when, a moment later, he ran after me and thrust the pen into my hands.
做尝试
make … attempt to do
make an / no / little / the first / another attempt to do
Latham made another attempt a week later and got within half a mile of Dover, but he was unlucky again.
造句：过了一个多月才有人发现了这具尸体。
Over a month passed before the body was found.
造句：过了十年 (decade) 多才有人出来揭示 (reveal) 了这个秘密。
Over a decade passed before the secret was revealed.
On July 19th, 1909, in the early morning, Hubert Latham took off from the French coast in his plane the 'Antoinette IV.'
月 / 日 / 年
in the early / late morning / afternoon / evening
at dawn / the crack of dawn / daybreak / sunrise 在清晨
at dusk / sunset / sundown / twilight 在黄昏
take off 起飞 （不加宾语
land 着陆
Flight No.714 took off / landed at 8:30 a.m.
take off sth. 脱衣服
put on sth. 穿衣服
He took off / put on his coat.
take … off … 使……脱离……
It is almost impossible to take your mind off the journey.
She was so pretty—I couldn't take my eyes off her.
“Have you seen James without his beard?”
“I know—it takes years off him!” 年轻好几岁
take time off 请假
Do you still live there?
Oh yes, yes. My husband‘s there now. He couldn't take time off to come to New York with me.
I have to take time off from work / school to go to the dentist.
take a day off 请一天的假
take the afternoon off 请下午的假
He had travelled only seven miles across the Channel when his engine failed and he was forced to land on sea.
走过...距离（不强调方式）
He has to travel 20 miles to work every day.
fail v. (fml.) （零部件）失灵
The brakes failed and the car crashed into a tree.
break down v.（交通工具, 大型机器） 抛锚, 停止工作
The car / bus / train / washing machine broke down.
malfunction v. (fml.) 出故障
The satellite entered the orbit and quickly malfunctioned.
sth. goes wrong with … 出故障（复杂精密的仪器
Something’s gone wrong with my computer.
fail to do 没能完成某事
When the journalist again failed to reply, the editor reluctantly published the article as it had originally been written.
be forced to do 被迫
She was forced to retire early due to ill health.
… and he had to make a forced landing.
be / feel obliged to do 因为道义、责任不得不做某事
However, as the evidence began to accumulate, experts from the Zoo felt obliged to investigate, for the descriptions given by people who claimed to have seen the puma were extraordinarily similar.
be / feel compelled to do 外界的压力 不得不做
President Nixon felt compelled to resign.
be / feel impelled to do 内心动力
I felt impelled to tell her the truth.
be / feel bound to do 因法律、协议做某事
All the countries are bound to submit to the regulations.
☓ be / feel necessary to do ☓
√ It is necessary for … to do √
替换 must do / have to do
The 'Antoinette' floated on the water until Latham was picked up by a ship.
飘在水面上
float on the water
ride the waves
pick up(副词) ↔ sb.
--I'd really like to pick up Grandpa at the railroad station.
--Railroad stations or airports, Grandpa always tells us he'll get here by himself.
--He's something(人物)!
搭救（人 / 物）
save / rescue
When you rescued your trousers, did you find the note was whiter than white?
When a passing tanker rescued them five days later, both men were genuinely sorry that they had to leave.
救东西
salvage
He tried desperately to salvage belongings from the burning house.
The salvage operation had been a complete failure.
pick up ↔ sth. 拿起来、拾起来
The phone rang and I picked it up.
买到便宜货
He has often described to me how he picked up a masterpiece for a mere ₤50.
从中断的地方继续
pick up where we left off
After lunch shall we pick up where we left off ?
Chandler: Wait! I just want you to know that ... I'm so happy you're going to be here.
Janice: Oh, me too ...
Chandler: Because ... that way ... we can pick up where we left off.
Janice: Huh?
Chandler: I never stopped loving you.
Two days alter, Louis Bleriot arrived near Calais with a plane called 'No. XI'.
Louis 路易
Illinois 伊利诺州
Calais 加莱
Charles 查理
Chamonix 沙莫尼
Louis Blériot (1872-1936), French engineer and pioneer aviator.
After designing and building various types of experimental aircraft, he concentrated on developing the monoplane.
On July 25, 1909, he flew from Calais, France, to Dover, England, in one of his monoplanes, becoming the first aviator to cross the English Channel in a heavier-than-air machine.
During World War I Blériot's factory produced about 10,000 airplanes for the armed forces of France and the other Allied powers.
Bleriot had been making planes since 1905 and this was his lattes model.
model n.（车辆、机器的）型号
the latest model 最新的型号
the most popular model 最受欢迎的型号
My car is the latest model.
They produce a range of different computers, but this is the most popular model.
A week before, he had completed a successful overland flight during which he covered twenty-six miles.
flight 航行（一次两次 、可数
aviation 航空 不可数
voyage 航行 （一次两次 、可数
navigation 航海 不可数
造句：早在 20 世纪 30 年代，红军就完成了伟大的长征，在这期间他们走过了 25,000 里。
As long ago as the 1930’s, the Red Army had completed the successful Long March during which they covered 25,000 li.
Latham, however, did not give up easily.
stick it out 坚持下去
Latham, however, stuck it out.
Rachel: Oh God, I hate my job, I hate it, I hate my job, I hate it.
Monica: I know honey, I'm sorry.
Rachel: Oh, I wanna quit, but then I think I should stick it out.
He, too, arrived near Calais on the same day with a new 'Antoinette'.
It looked as if there would be an exciting race across the Channel.
It seems / looks as if / as though … 看似, 好像……
造句：看似他们之间将有一次激烈的争吵 (a heated argument)。
It seemed / looked as if / as though there would be a heated argument between them.
a car / boat / horse / swimming race(竞速)
match / game (对垒)
a boxing / basketball / football / volleyball match / game
拳击
Boxing matches were very popular in England two hundred years ago.
注重得分高
contest
a speech / beauty / dance contest
很可能（+事物
promise to do
It promised to be an exciting race across the Channel.
It promises to be warm today.
Groundbreaking research by two French geophysicists promises to shed(揭示) some light on the mystery.
shed light on 揭示
Both planes were going to take off on July 25th, but Latham failed to get up early enough, After making a short test flight at 4,15 a.m., Bleriot set off half an hour later.
动身出发
set out / off
start out / off
Four days after setting out, while the Titanic was sailing across the icy waters of the North Atlantic, a huge iceberg was suddenly spotted by a lookout.
His great flight lasted thirty-seven minutes. When he landed near Dover, the first person to greet him was a local policeman.
Latham made another attempt a week later and got within half a mile of Dover, but he was unlucky again. His engine failed and he landed on the sea for the second time.
The next man to approach me was selling expensive pens and watches.
within … of … 离……不到……
I live within a mile of the city center.
The company is within a week of bankruptcy.
for the second time 第二次做某事
at the second time 在第二次的时候，...
for the first time 第一次做某事
at the first time 在第一次的时候，...
In 1929, three years after his flight over the North Pole, the American explorer, R.E. Byrd, successfully flew over the South Pole for the first time.
--Is something still wrong, Robbie?
--I'll be OK.
--Going away to college for the first time always makes one a little nervous.
--I guess so. I'll be OK. I just need time to think.
