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Java并发的各种锁

学习地址:https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV18b411M7xz?p=25

公平锁和非公平锁

  1. 公平锁

    • 是指多个线程按照申请锁的顺序来获取锁类似排队打饭 先来后到
  2. 非公平锁

    • 是指在多线程获取锁的顺序并不是按照申请锁的顺序,有可能后申请的线程比先申请的线程优先获取到锁,在高并发的情况下,有可能造成优先级反转或者饥饿现象

公平锁/非公平锁
并发包ReentrantLock的创建可以指定构造函数的boolean类型来得到公平锁或者非公平锁 默认是非公平锁

  1. 关于两者的区别

    • 公平锁,就是很公平,在并发环境中,每个线程在获取锁时会先查看此锁维护的等待队列,如果为空,或者当前线程是等待队列的第一个,就会占有锁,否则就会加入到等待队列中,以后会按照FIFO的规则从队列中取到自己

    • 非公平锁,比较粗鲁,上来就直接尝试占有锁,,如果尝试失败,就会采用类似公平锁哪种方式

  2. Java ReentrantLock而言,

    • 通过构造函数指定该锁是否是公平锁 默认是非公平锁 非公平锁的优点在于吞吐量必公平锁大.
  3. 对于synchronized而言 也是一种非公平锁.

可重入锁(又名递归锁)

可重入锁(也就是递归锁):指的是同一个线程外层函数获得锁之后,内层递归函数仍然能获取该锁的代码,在同一线程在外层方法获取锁的时候,在进入内层方法会自动获取锁。也就是说,线程可以进入任何一个它已经拥有的锁所有同步着的代码块。

ReentrantLock/synchronized就是一个典型的可重入锁

可重入锁最大的作用就是避免死锁

public class ReenterLockDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Phone phone = new Phone();
        getSetLock getSetLock = new getSetLock();
        new Thread(() -> {
            try {
                phone.sendSMS();
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }, "t1").start();

        new Thread(() -> {
            try {
                phone.sendSMS();
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }, "t2").start();

        try {
            TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println("`````````````````````````````");


        Thread t3 = new Thread(getSetLock, "t3");
        Thread t4 = new Thread(getSetLock, "t4");

        t3.start();
        t4.start();

    }

}

class Phone {
    public synchronized void sendSMS() throws Exception {
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\t invoked sendSMS()");
        sendEmail();
    }

    public synchronized void sendEmail() throws Exception {
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\t invoked sendEmail()");
    }
}

class getSetLock implements Runnable {

    Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();

    @Override
    public void run() {
        get();
    }

    private void get() {
        lock.lock();
//        lock.lock();
        try {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\t invoked get()");
            set();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
//            lock.unlock();//少一个解锁卡死
        }
    }

    private void set() {
        lock.lock();
        try {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\t invoked set()");
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }
}

自旋锁

自旋锁是指尝试获取锁的线程不会立即阻塞,而是采用循环的方式去尝试获取锁,这样的好处是减少线程上下文切换的消耗,缺点是循环会消耗CPU

public class SpinLockDemo {
    //原子引用线程  初始是null
    AtomicReference<Thread> atomicReference = new AtomicReference<>();

    public void myLock() {
        Thread thread = Thread.currentThread();
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\t come in ");
        while (!atomicReference.compareAndSet(null, thread)) {
//            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "等待中。。。");
        }
    }

    public void myUnLock() {
        Thread thread = Thread.currentThread();
        atomicReference.compareAndSet(thread, null);
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\t invoked myUnLock()");
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
//        原子引用线程
        SpinLockDemo spinLockDemo = new SpinLockDemo();
        new Thread(() -> {
            spinLockDemo.myLock();
            try {
                TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(5);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            spinLockDemo.myUnLock();
        }, "AA").start();

        try {
            TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        new Thread(() -> {
            spinLockDemo.myLock();
            try {
                TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(5);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            spinLockDemo.myUnLock();
        }, "BB").start();
    }
}

独占锁(写)/共享锁(读)/互斥锁

独占锁:该锁一次只能被一个线程所持有。对ReentrantLock和Synchronized而言都是独占锁。

共享锁:指该锁可被多个线程所持有。

对ReentrantReadWriteLock其读锁是共享锁,其写锁是独占锁。

读锁的共享锁可保证并发读是非常高效的,读写,写读,写写的过程是互斥的。

public class ReadWriteLockDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        MyCache myCache = new MyCache();
        for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
            final int tempInt = i;
            new Thread(() -> {
                myCache.put(tempInt + "", tempInt + "");
            }, String.valueOf(i)).start();
        }

        for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
            final int tempInt = i;
            new Thread(() -> {
                myCache.get(tempInt + "");
            }, String.valueOf(i)).start();
        }
    }
}

class MyCache {
    private volatile Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
    //    private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
    private ReentrantReadWriteLock reentrantReadWriteLock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();

    public void put(String key, Object value) {

        reentrantReadWriteLock.writeLock().lock();
        try {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\t 正在写入:" + key);
            try {
                TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(300);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            map.put(key, value);
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\t 写入完成");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            reentrantReadWriteLock.writeLock().unlock();
        }

    }

    public void get(String key) {
        reentrantReadWriteLock.readLock().lock();
        try {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\t 正在读取:" + key);
            try {
                TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(300);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            Object result = map.get(key);
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\t 读取完成" + result);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            reentrantReadWriteLock.readLock().unlock();
        }
    }
}
posted @ 2020-10-13 11:34  iniwym  阅读(165)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报