(转载)c#集合

C#中的集合学习笔记

 

  前言:漫长的国庆长假终于快结束了,我们该工作的工作了,该学习的学习了,该干什么的也都开始了,这篇博客我主要说一下C#中集合的使用,也就是ArrayList集合和Hashtable字典集合的使用,我在这里说的主要还是简单的使用,使学习的能够很快的学习集合然后自己研究集合的一些高级用法,在最后还列举出了一些常用的小案例。

  1. ArrayList

(1) 命名空间 System.Collection

     (2)创建对象

            1)增

                   ->Add

                   ->AddRange  任何一个集合对象

                          int[] num = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 };

                          ArrayList arr = new ArrayList();

                          //ICollection一个对象里面包含很多其他对象

                          arr.AddRange(num);

                   ->Insert

            2)删

                   ->Remove

                   ->RemoveAt

                   ->Clear

            3)改

                   ->像数组一样通过索引来修改

            4)查

                   ->Contains

                   ->IndexOf

  1. 自定义集合

(1) 集合是Object类型,处理数据的时候会需要强转等操作

     (2)举例说明:

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1)新建一个Person类
  
        class Person
  
        {
  
                public string Name { get; set; }
  
                public int Age { get; set; }
  
               public char Gender { get; set; }
  
                public Person(string n, int a, char g)
  
                {
  
                        Name = n;
  
                        Age = a;
  
                        Gender = g;
  
                 }
  
                 public void SayHello()
  
                 {
  
                         Console.WriteLine("我叫{0}", Name);
  
                   }
  
        }
  
2)新建一个PeresonCollection类
  
         class PersonCollection
  
        {
  
                ArrayList arr = new ArrayList();
  
                public void Add(Person p)
  
                {
  
                         arr.Add(p);
  
                 }
  
                 public void AddRange(params Person[] ps)
  
                {
  
                          arr.AddRange(ps);
  
                }
  
                 public Person this[int index]
  
                 {
  
                           get { return (Person)arr[index]; }
  
                  }
  
                   public int Count
  
                  {
  
                           get { return arr.Count; }
  
                    }
  
        }
  
 3)在main方法中实现
  
        static void Main(string[] args)
  
        {
  
              PersonCollection ps = new PersonCollection();
  
              ps.Add(new Person("韩迎龙", 23, '男'));
  
              ps.Add(new Person("韩全龙", 16, '男'));
  
              ps.Add(new Person("泛亚内", 16, '男'));
  
              ps.Add(new Person("野田", 16, '男'));
  
              for (int i = 0; i < ps.Count; i++)
  
              {
  
                      ps[i].SayHello();
  
               }
  
                 Console.ReadKey();
  
        }

     (3)定义索引

            1)就是一个通过传进来的参数访问内部数据的一个属性(带有参数的属性)

            2)public 返回类型 this[索引参数类型 参数名]

              {

                   get{return 通过参数访问的数据;}

                   set{通过参数处理要修改的数据=value}

              }

              案例说明:   

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class Arr
  
{
  
       int[] nums = { 10, 23, 34, 45, 56 };
  
       public int this[int index]
  
       {
  
                get {
  
                        if (index > nums.Length - 1)
  
                        {
  
                                   throw new Exception("索引超出异常");
  
                         }
  
                  return nums[index];
  
                 }
  
               set { nums[index] = value; }
  
        }
  
         public int Count
  
          {
  
                    get { return nums.Length; }
  
           }
  
 }
  
 class IndexString
  
{
  
      int num = 10;
  
      string str = "字符串韩迎龙";
  
      char ch = 'c';
  
      public int this[int index]
  
      {
  
               get { return num; }
  
        }
  
         public string this[string str]
  
         {
  
                 get { return this.str; }
  
          }
  
          public char this[char c]
  
          {
  
                     get { return ch; }
  
            }
  
            public string this[int n, char c, string s]
  
            {
  
                   get { return num + str + ch; }
  
             }
  
}
  
class Program
  
{
  
       static void Main(string[] args)
  
       {
  
               IndexString IS=new IndexString();
  
               Console.WriteLine(IS[' ']);
  
               Console.WriteLine(IS[0, ' ', " "]);
  
                Console.ReadKey();
  
      }
  
}

            3)模拟实现集合

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class MyCllection
  
{
  
        ArrayList arrInt = new ArrayList();
  
        ArrayList arrStr = new ArrayList();
  
         ArrayList obj=new ArrayList();
  
         public void Add(string key, object obj)
  
         {
  
                  int index = arrStr.Add(key);
  
                  arrInt.Add(index);
  
                   this.obj.Add(obj);
  
           }
  
           public object this[int index]
  
            {
  
                   get { return obj[index]; }
  
             }
  
            public object this[string key]
  
            {
  
                     get { return obj[arrStr.IndexOf(key)]; }
  
             }
  
}
  
static void Main(string[] args)
  
{
  
         MyCllection mc = new MyCllection();
  
         mc.Add("HYL", "韩迎龙");
  
         mc.Add("HYL", "韩全龙");
  
         Console.WriteLine(mc[0]);
  
         Console.WriteLine(mc["HYL"]);
  
         Console.ReadKey();
  
}
  1. foreach语法

    (1) 执行

            1)可以只遍历一部分吗?  不能

            2)可以倒着遍历吗?      不能

            3)举例说明:

                int[] nums = { 1, 4, 6, 87, 87, 3, 23, 45 };

            foreach (int item in nums)

            {

                Console.WriteLine(item);

            }

            Console.ReadKey();

     (2)数据源应该是一个可枚举的类型(IEnumerable)

     (3)foreach循环的步骤

            1)foreach循环首先到数据集中调用GetEnumerator方法得到枚举器对象

            2)到in关键字,调用MoveNext()方法

            3)这个方法返回bool值,将枚举器移到数据集的下一个数据上,并检查是否有数据,如果有,返回true,否则返回false

            4)到临时变量(迭代变量),开始调用枚举器的Current属性,将当前的数据取出来,然后赋值给临时变量

            5)就可以使用了

  1. 嵌套类

(1) 有时候在某个类型中需要一个特定的类型处理数据,而这个类型只在当前对象类中可使用

 (2)可以将这个类定义在一个类的里面,此时称为嵌套类

(3)嵌套类的访问修饰符和一般成员一样

 (4)一般是为了考虑安全问题

  1. yield迭代器

(1) 一般的语法:yield return 数据

 (2)foreach在执行开始访问数据集的时候,依旧是调用IEnumerable中的GetEnumerator方法

(3)这个Getenumerator方法可以使用这个迭代器返回数据

(4)在方法中写上循环,循环体上放上yield,那么循环不会立即结束

(5)每当执行到yield的时候就会停在那里,跳到foreach中

(6)foreach执行到in的时候,又会跳到上次停留的yield那里,继续向下执行

(7)直到下一个yield,再次调用foreach

            public IEnumerator GetEnumerator()

            {

                   for(int i=0;i<arr.Count;i++)

                   {

                          yield return arr[i];

                   }

            }

  1. Hashtable 字典集合

(1) 举例说明:

           Hashtable has = new Hashtable();

            has.Add("BigBoss", "韩迎龙");

            has.Add("sdd", "的事实");

            has.Add("dfd", "的速度");

            Console.WriteLine(has["BigBoss"]);

     (2)Hashtable的使用,实现一个电子词典     

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class Program
  
{
  
       static void Main(string[] args)
  
       {
  
              string[] words = File.ReadAllLines("英汉词典TXT格式.txt", Encoding.Default);
  
              Hashtable has = new Hashtable();
  
               for (int i = 0; i < words.Length; i++)
  
               {
  
                        string[] temp = words[i].Split(new char[] { ' '}, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);
  
                                  
                          if (temp.Length == 1)
  
                          {
  
                                 continue;
  
                           }
  
                                 string key = temp[0];
  
                                 string value = string.Join(" ", temp, 1, temp.Length - 1);
  
                                 if (!has.ContainsKey(key))
  
                                 {
  
                                        has.Add(key, value);
  
                                 }
  
                                 else
  
                                 {
  
                                        has[key] = string.Format("{0}\n{1}", has[i], value);
  
                                 }
  
                          }
  
                          //可以查看了
  
                          while (true)
  
                          {
  
                                 Console.Write("请输入单词?");
  
                                 string str=Console.ReadLine();
  
                                 if (has.ContainsKey(str))
  
                                 {
  
                                        Console.WriteLine(has[str]);
  
                                 }
  
                                 else
  
                                 {
  
                                        Console.WriteLine("很抱歉,你说查询的词汇没有找到");
  
                                 }
  
                          }
  
                          Console.ReadKey();
  
                   }
  
            }
  
                   static void Main(string[] args)
  
                   {
  
                          string[] words = File.ReadAllLines("英汉词典TXT格式.txt", Encoding.Default);
  
                          Hashtable has = new Hashtable();
  
                          for (int i = 0; i < words.Length; i++)
  
                          {
  
                                 string[] temp = words[i].Split(new char[] { ' '}, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);
  
                                 string key = temp[0];
  
                                 string value = temp[1];
  
                                 if (temp.Length != 2)
  
                                 {
  
                                        continue;
  
                                 }
  
                                 if (!has.ContainsKey(key))
  
                                 {
  
                                        has.Add(key, value);
  
                                 }
  
                                 else
  
                                 {
  
                                        has[key] = string.Format("{0}\n{1}", has[i], value);
  
                                 }
  
                          }
  
                          //可以查看了
  
                          while (true)
  
                          {
  
                                 Console.Write("请输入单词?");
  
                                 string str=Console.ReadLine();
  
                                 if (has.ContainsKey(str))
  
                                 {
  
                                        Console.WriteLine(has[str]);
  
                                 }
  
                                 else
  
                                 {
  
                                        Console.WriteLine("很抱歉,你说查询的词汇没有找到");
  
                                 }
  
                          }
  
                          Console.ReadKey();
  
                   }
  
            }

     (3)如何遍历?

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static void Main(string[] args)
  
{
  
            Hashtable has = new Hashtable();
  
            has.Add("1", "韩迎龙");
  
            has.Add("2", "得到");
  
            //仅仅遍历key
  
            foreach (string item in has.Keys)
  
            {
  
                Console.WriteLine(item);
  
            }
  
            //遍历value
  
            foreach (string item in has.Values)
  
            {
  
                Console.WriteLine(item);
  
            }
  
            //遍历整个集合
  
            foreach (DictionaryEntry item in has)
  
            {
  
                Console.WriteLine("{0}是{1}", item.Key, item.Value); ;
  
            }
  
            Console.ReadKey();
  
}

     (4)var 类型推断

            1)var val=数据;

            2)赋什么数据就是什么类型

            3)类型确定以后就不能变了

            4)必须保证类型赋值时时确定的

            5)何时使用类型推断

                   ->匿名类型

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static void Main(string[] args)
  
{
  
          var person = new { Name = "张三", Age = 23, Gender = '男' };
  
           Console.WriteLine(person.Name);
  
           Console.WriteLine(person.Age);
  
            Console.WriteLine(person.Gender);
  
            Console.ReadKey();
  
}

                   ->Linq查询

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static void Main(string[] args)
  
{
  
            int[] nums = { 132, 454, 667, 343, 65, 76, 74 };
  
             var query = from n in nums
  
                                where n > 100 && n < 500
  
                                 select n;
  
             foreach (var item in query)
  
            {
  
                   Console.WriteLine(item);
  
            }
  
            Console.ReadKey();
  
}

posted on 2012-11-16 20:32  默然IT  阅读(101)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报

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