（转）终端、控制台、 Shell 和命令行之间的区别

Difference between Terminal, Console, Shell, and Command Line

原文链接

Terminal :
A terminal is a text input and output environment. A terminal window, also known as a terminal emulator, is a text-only window that emulates a console in a graphical user interface (GUI). In other words, a graphical user interface application from which we can access a user’s console. A terminal is a program that allows you to run a shell. Is a device with a human-readable display that accepts a stream of characters and displays them. Only chars are making their way there. They’re commonly used in networking and device debug interfaces.

终端: 终端是一个文本输入输出环境。终端窗口，也称为虚拟终端，是一个模拟图形用户界面(GUI)控制台的纯文本窗口。换句话说，一个图形用户界面的应用程序，我们可以从中访问用户的控制台。终端是一个允许您运行 shell 的程序。是一个具有人类可读显示器的设备，该设备接受字符流并显示它们。只有字符正在向那里移动。它们通常用于网络和设备调试接口。

Console :
A console is a physical terminal; an instrument panel containing computer controls. A console is a type of terminal. Is a window in which your text-mode programs are active. This window recognizes key presses and is aware of its width and height. A full-screen mode is an option.

控制台: 控制台是一个物理终端; 包含计算机控制的仪表板。控制台是终端的一种类型。是活动文本模式程序的窗口。这个窗口可以识别按键，并且知道它的宽度和高度。全屏模式是一个选项。

Shell :
Shell stands for the command-line interpreter. A shell is a program that processes commands and outputs the results. A shell is a layer that sits on top of the kernel: 1) It interprets and processes the commands entered by the user. Unlike users, the shell has access to the kernel. Users can only gain access to the kernel by using a shell and entering commands (i.e. running programs). System calls are used by programs to gain access to kernel functionality. The system API is made up of all system calls.

Shell: Shell 代表命令行解释器。Shell 是处理命令并输出结果的程序。Shell 是位于内核之上的一个层: 1)它解释和处理用户输入的命令。与用户不同，shell 可以访问内核。用户只能通过使用 shell 和输入命令(即运行程序)来访问内核。程序使用系统调用来访问内核功能。系统 API 由所有系统调用组成。

Command-Line :
A command line is an area to the right of the command prompt on an all-text display mode computer monitor (typically a CRT or LCD panel) where a user enters commands and data. This is the line where you type commands. It is typically used to indicate that you must run something in the text mode window (command line interface) provided by your operating system.

命令行: 命令行是全文显示模式计算机显示器(通常是 CRT 或 LCD 面板)上命令提示符右侧的一个区域，用户在该区域输入命令和数据。这是您键入命令的行。它通常用于指示必须在操作系统提供的文本模式窗口(命令行接口)中运行某些内容。

Difference between Terminal, Console, Shell, and Command Line :
The table below illustrates the distinctions between Terminal, Console, Shell, and Command Line:

终端、控制台、外壳和命令行之间的区别: 下表说明了终端、控制台、外壳和命令行之间的区别:

	Terminal 终端	Console 控制台	Shell 壳牌	Command-line 命令行
1	A terminal is a text input and output environment. 终端是一个文本输入输出环境	A physical terminal is referred to as a console. 物理终端称为控制台	The shell is a command-line interpreter. Shell 是命令行解释器	A command line, also known as a command prompt, is a type of interface. 命令行，也称为命令提示符，是一种接口类型
2	A terminal is a wrapper program that runs a shell and allows us to enter commands. 终端是运行 shell 并允许我们输入命令的包装程序	The console is a type of terminal. It is a window in which your text-mode programs are active. 控制台是终端的一种类型。它是一个窗口，在其中您的文本模式程序是活动的	The shell is the program that actually processes commands and outputs results. Shell 是实际处理命令并输出结果的程序	A command-line interface is any type of interface that is used to enter (textual) commands. One of these is the terminal, but some programs have their own command-line interfaces. 命令行界面是用于输入(文本)命令的任何类型的接口。其中之一是终端，但有些程序有自己的命令行接口
3	The terminal is a program that displays a graphical interface and allows you to interact with the shell. 终端是一个显示图形界面的程序，允许您与 shell 交互	The console consisted of a single keyboard and monitor plugged into a dedicated serial console port on a computer for low-level direct communication with the operating system. 控制台由一个键盘和一个监视器组成，插入计算机上的一个专用串行控制台端口，用于与操作系统进行低级别的直接通信	A shell is a user interface for accessing the services of an operating system. Shell 是用于访问操作系统服务的用户界面	A command-line interface (CLI) is a computer program that processes commands in the form of lines of text. The user typically interacts with the shell via a command-line interface (CLI). 命令行界面(CLI)是一种以文本行的形式处理命令的计算机程序。用户通常通过一个命令行界面(CLI)与 shell 进行交互
4	The term terminal can also refer to a device that allows users to interact with computers, typically via a keyboard and display. 术语终端还可以指允许用户通过键盘和显示器与计算机进行交互的设备	A console is a physical terminal that is the primary terminal that is directly connected to a machine. The console is recognized by the operating system as a (kernel-implemented) terminal. 控制台是一个物理终端，它是直接连接到机器的主终端。控制台被操作系统识别为(内核实现的)终端	A shell is a primary interface that users see when they log in, and its primary function is to launch other programs. Shell 是用户登录时看到的主要接口，其主要功能是启动其他程序	A command line is an interface that allows a user to type a command (which is expressed as a sequence of characters — typically a command name followed by some parameters) and then press the Return key to execute that command. 命令行是一个接口，允许用户键入命令(表示为一系列字符ーー通常是一个命令名后跟一些参数) ，然后按 Return 键执行该命令
5	Some types of terminal emulators include:一些类型的终端模拟器包括:Command prompt 命令提示guakegnome-terminal 侏儒终端terminator 终结者	For example, Famicom, Xbox, PlayStation, Nintendo Switch, Wii, and Wii U, etc. are all examples of consoles. 例如，Famicom、 Xbox、 PlayStation、 Nintendo Switch、 Wii 和 Wii U 等等都是控制台的例子	Some examples of shells are:一些 shell 的例子是:Bash, fish, zsh, ksh, sh, tsch Bash，fish，zsh，ksh，sh，tschPower Shell, pwsh 动力弹壳cmd, yori, 4dos, command.com	Some examples of Command-line interface are:下面是一些命令行界面的例子:Microsoft Windows, 微软视窗,DOS Shell, and DOS Shell 和Mouse Systems Power Panel. 鼠标系统电源面板