nginx反向代理配置及优化

Nginx ("engine x") 是一个高性能的 HTTP 和反向代理服务器，也是一个 IMAP/POP3/SMTP 代理服务器。 Nginx 是由 Igor Sysoev 为俄罗斯访问量第二的 Rambler.ru 站点开发的，它已经在该站点运行超过三年了。Igor 将源代码以类BSD许可证的形式发布。Nginx 超越 Apache 的高性能和稳定性，使得国内使用 Nginx 作为 Web 服务器的网站也越来越多，大部分门户网站都把它作为首选WEB前端。

 

第1部分:安装

1 建立用户及组

/usr/sbin/groupadd www

/usr/sbin/useradd -g www www

 

 

2 安装pcre 让nginx支持rewrite 方便以后所需

wget ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-7.8.tar.gz

tar zxvf pcre-7.8.tar.gz

cd pcre-7.8/

./configure

make && make install

 

 

3 安装nginx

wget http://sysoev.ru/nginx/nginx-0.7.58.tar.gz

tar zxvf nginx-0.7.58.tar.gz

cd nginx-0.7.58/

./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-cc-opt='-O2' --with-cpu-opt=opteron

make && make install

 

 

#注意上文中的--with-cc-opt='-O2' --with-cpu-opt=opteron 这是编译器优化,目前最常用的是-02 而不是3.后面对应CPU的型号,可参照:http://wiki.gentoo.tw/index.php/HOWTO_CFLAG

 

第2部分:配置及优化配置文件

1 nginx.conf 配置文件:

user    www www;

worker_processes 4;

 

# [ debug | info | notice | warn | error | crit ]

error_log    /usr/local/webserver/nginx/logs/nginx_error.log    crit;

pid                /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid;

#Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process.

worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;

events

{

         use epoll;

         worker_connections 51200;

}

 

http

{

         include             mime.types;

         default_type    application/octet-stream;

         source_charset GB2312;

         server_names_hash_bucket_size 256;

         client_header_buffer_size 256k;

         large_client_header_buffers 4 256k;

 

         #size limits

         client_max_body_size             50m;

         client_body_buffer_size        256k;

         client_header_timeout     3m;

         client_body_timeout 3m;

         send_timeout             3m;

#参数都有所调整.目的是解决代理过程中出现的一些502 499错误    

         sendfile on;

         tcp_nopush         on;

         keepalive_timeout 120; #参数加大,以解决做代理时502错误

         tcp_nodelay on;

 

         include                    vhosts/upstream.conf;

         include                    vhosts/bbs.linuxtone.conf;

 

}

 

 

2 upstream.conf 配置文件(这也是做负载的配置方法)

upstream.conf

            upstream bbs.linuxtone.com {

                 server 192.168.1.4:8099;

             }

 

 

3 站点配置文件

bbs.linuxtone.conf

server

     {

            listen             80;

            server_name    bbs.linuxtone.conf;

            charset GB2312;

            index index.html index.htm;

            root    /date/wwwroot/linuxtone/;

 

                location ~ ^/NginxStatus/ {

                        stub_status on;

                        access_log off;

                 }

 

         location / {

             root    /date/wwwroot/linuxtone/;

             proxy_redirect off ;

             proxy_set_header Host $host;

             proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;

             proxy_set_header REMOTE-HOST $remote_addr;

             proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;

             client_max_body_size 50m;

             client_body_buffer_size 256k;

             proxy_connect_timeout 30;

             proxy_send_timeout 30;

             proxy_read_timeout 60;

             proxy_buffer_size 256k;

             proxy_buffers 4 256k;

             proxy_busy_buffers_size 256k;

             proxy_temp_file_write_size 256k;

             proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_500 http_503 http_404;

             proxy_max_temp_file_size 128m;

             proxy_pass    http://bbs.linuxtone.com;

            }

 

 

#参数都有所调整.目的是解决代理过程中出现的一些502 499错误   

#Add expires header for static content

     location ~* \.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png|swf)$ {

         if (-f $request_filename) {

             root /date/wwwroot/linuxtone/;

             expires            1d;

             break;

            }

     }

 

         log_format    access    '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '

                                                 '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '

                                                 '"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';

        access_log    /exp/nginxlogs/bbs.linuxtone_access.log    access;

 

}

 

 

注:第二种代理方式

nginx 处理下图片,html等静态的东西.其它动态由apache处理.因此apache也需要做一些参数调整.

设置图片等过期时间.缓解请求.

 

如果源与nginx在同一台机器建议使用如下方法:

                 location / {

                            proxy_pass    http://192.168.1.4:8099/;

                            proxy_redirect default ;

                 }

 

 

针对不同的目录进行代理把下面的配置放到根目录代理的上面

                location /linuxtone/ {

                            proxy_pass    http://192.168.1.4:8099/linuxtone/;

                            proxy_redirect default ;

                 }

 

 

4 源配置

 

        ServerAdmin liuyu105#gmail.com

        DocumentRoot /date/wwwroot/linuxtone

        ServerName bbs.linuxtone.com

        ErrorLog logs/linuxtone_error_log

     CustomLog "|/usr/local/sbin/cronolog logs/linuxtone_access_log.%Y%m%d" combined

 

 

第3部分:源的优化

1 apache-mpm.conf

 

        StartServers                    15

        MinSpareServers             15

        MaxSpareServers            30

        ServerLimit                 2536

        MaxClients                    2048

        MaxRequestsPerChild     1500

 

2 apache-keepalive

Timeout 120   #与nginx的保持一至

KeepAlive On

MaxKeepAliveRequests 400

KeepAliveTimeout 7

 

 

第4部分:PHP的优化

优化一:将PHP由之前的xcache换成eaccelerator

1 安装

wget http://bart.eaccelerator.net/source/0.9.5.3/eaccelerator-0.9.5.3.tar.bz2

tar jxvf eaccelerator-0.9.5.3.tar.bz2

cd eaccelerator-0.9.5.3/

/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize

./configure --enable-eaccelerator=shared --with-php-config=/usr/local/php5/bin/php-config

make

make install

 

注:PHP路径以安装为准!

 

2 配置

sed -i 's#extension_dir = "./"#extension_dir = "/usr/local/php5/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"\nextension = "memcache.so"\n#' /etc/php.ini

sed -i 's#output_buffering = Off#output_buffering = On#' /etc/php.ini

sed -i "s#; always_populate_raw_post_data = On#always_populate_raw_post_data = On#g" /etc/php.ini

 

 

配置eAccelerator加速PHP：

mkdir -p /usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache

vi /etc/php.ini

 

按shift+g键跳到配置文件的最末尾，加上以下配置信息：

[eaccelerator]

zend_extension="/usr/local/php5/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/eaccelerator.so"

eaccelerator.shm_size="128"

eaccelerator.cache_dir="/usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache"

eaccelerator.enable="1"

eaccelerator.optimizer="1"

eaccelerator.check_mtime="1"

eaccelerator.debug="0"

eaccelerator.filter=""

eaccelerator.shm_max="0"

eaccelerator.shm_ttl="300"

eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="120"

eaccelerator.shm_only="0"

eaccelerator.compress="1"

eaccelerator.compress_level="9"

 

 

优化二:联系开发重新编译php减少php的模块.以减少php进程所占用内存数.这块尽管影响不大,但也有一定的作用.编译前也可以参照nginx的编译器优化方式安装.

 

第5部分:测试并启动nginx

ulimit -SHn 51200

/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -t

/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx

 

第6部分:nginx日志切割脚本

#!/bin/bash

# This script run at 00:00

 

# The Nginx logs path

logs_path="/exp/nginxlogs/"

 

mkdir -p ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/

mv ${logs_path}bbs.linuxtone_access.log ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/bbs.linuxtone_access_$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y%m%d").log

kill -USR1 `cat /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid`

 

 

crontab -e

00 00 * * * /bin/bash    /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh

 

本文出自 “seven” 博客，请务必保留此出处http://liuyu.blog.51cto.com/183345/166381