Spring Security 3.1 自定义实例之登陆
Spring Security的前身是Acegi,功能强大,配置也比较复杂,我也是新手,先通过动手实现一个登陆验证实例来进入Spring Security的世界吧!
1.准备:
下载Spring Security:官方下载地址:http://www.springsource.org/spring-security 在下载之前Spring会要你填写一些基本信息,然后就会自动跳转到下载地址,目前最新版本为spring-security-3.1.0.RELEASE,解压后在dist目录下可以看到:
其中两个War包是实例,*-source.jar是源代码
将dist中的Jar包全部导入到工程中,如图:
2.修改web.xml,插入以下代码
- <filter>
- <filter-name>springSecurityFilterChain</filter-name>
- <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy</filter-class>
- </filter>
- <filter-mapping>
- <filter-name>springSecurityFilterChain</filter-name>
- <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
- </filter-mapping>
- <context-param>
- <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
- <param-value>classpath*:App*.xml</param-value>
- </context-param>
3.新建AppSecurity.xml,如下:
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 2 <beans:beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/security" 3 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 4 xmlns:beans="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 5 xsi:schemaLocation=" 6 http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 7 http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd 8 http://www.springframework.org/schema/security 9 http://www.springframework.org/schema/security/spring-security-3.1.xsd"> 10 11 <http auto-config="true"> 12 <intercept-url pattern="/*" access="ROLE_USER" /> 13 </http> 14 15 <authentication-manager alias="authenticationManager"> 16 <authentication-provider> 17 <user-service> 18 <user name="test" password="test" authorities="ROLE_USER" /> 19 </user-service> 20 </authentication-provider> 21 22 </authentication-manager> 23 </beans:beans>
这个xml文件里用了Spring Security的最简单配置 <http auto-config="true"/>含义就是使用Spring Security自动为我们设置一些参数,然后声明了访问所有URL都需要为ROLE_USER,然后在authentication-manager用硬编码的形式定义了一个用户test,权限为ROLE_USER,运行这个实例应该可以看到这样的登录界面:
这个界面就是Spring Security为我们提供的登陆界面;
上面这个实例太简单了,在现实项目中基本不会这么用,比如项目如有如下需求:
1.自定义登录界面;
2.用Ajax方式登录验证;
3.用数据库记录用户信息,进行登录验证;
4.用MD5方式密码加密;
OK 接下来我们先来看看自定义登录界面的配置实例吧!
1.修改AppSecurity.xml中的http项,如下:
1 <http auto-config="true"> 2 <intercept-url pattern="/login.jsp" filters="none" /> 3 <intercept-url pattern="/*" access="ROLE_USER" /> 4 <form-login login-page="/login.jsp" authentication-failure-url="/login.jsp?error=true" default-target-url="/index.jsp"/> 5 </http>
login-page:当用户登录时显示自定义登录页面
authentication-failure-url:登录失败时跳转到哪个页面
default-target-url:登录成功后跳转到哪个页面
这样就把默认的登录界面指向了login.jsp了,并且配置了出错后的指向路径和默认跳转路径等信息,当然这里的login.jsp需要任何人都可以访问,不然的话会造成循环调用authentication-failure-url:登录失败时跳转到哪个页面
default-target-url:登录成功后跳转到哪个页面
2.设计login.jsp,关键代码如下:
- <html>
- <head>
- <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
- <title>登陆界面</title>
- </head>
- <body>
- <h3>欢迎登陆</h3>
- <form action='/ctosii_middle/j_spring_security_check' method='POST'>
- <table>
- <tr><td>用户名:</td><td><input type='text' name='j_username' value=''></td></tr>
- <tr><td>密 码:</td><td><input type='password' name='j_password'/></td></tr>
- <tr><td colspan='2'><input name="submit" type="submit" value="登陆"/></td></tr>
- </table>
- </form>
- </body>
- </html>
2.用ajax的方式实现的登录验证
Spring Security默认的是登陆验证通过用跳转的方式,但是在实际应用中很多应用的登录界面需要用到ajax的方式来实现登陆验证
1.修改AppSecurity.xml中的http项,如下:
1 <http auto-config="true"> 2 <intercept-url pattern="/login**" access="IS_AUTHENTICATED_ANONYMOUSLY" /> 3 <intercept-url pattern="/**/*.js" access="IS_AUTHENTICATED_ANONYMOUSLY" /> 4 <intercept-url pattern="/**" access="ROLE_USER" /> 5 <form-login login-page="/login.jsp" authentication-failure-url="/login_fail.do" default-target-url="/login_success.do"/> 6 </http>
这里配置了两个路径失败后的调用路径和成功后的调用路径。利用这两个路径可以实现ajax登陆。
在login_fail.do和login_success.do中可以输出登陆失败、成功的消息
2.Login.jsp修改如下:
1 <html> 2 <head> 3 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> 4 <script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery-last.min.js"></script> 5 <script type="text/javascript"> 6 function doLogin(){ 7 var url = "/ctosii_middle/j_spring_security_check"; 8 var username= $("input[name='j_username']").val(); 9 var password= $("input[name='j_password']").val(); 10 $.ajax({ 11 url:url, 12 type:"POST", 13 data:"j_username="+username+"&j_password="+password, 14 success: function(data){ 15 $("#results").text(data); 16 } 17 }); 18 } 19 </script> 20 21 22 <title>登陆界面</title> 23 </head> 24 <body> 25 <h3>欢迎登陆</h3> 26 <form> 27 <table> 28 <tr><td>用户名:</td><td><input type='text' name='j_username' value=''></td></tr> 29 <tr><td>密 码:</td><td><input type='password' name='j_password'/></td></tr> 30 <tr><td colspan='2'><input name="submit" type="button" onclick="doLogin()" value="登陆"/></td></tr> 31 </table> 32 <div id="results"></div> 33 </form> 34 </body> 35 </html>
3.用数据库记录用户信息,进行登录验证
上面的两个例子都是用了硬编码的方式验证用户信息,而实际项目中肯定是会把用户信息存到数据库中的,最典型的就是建users,role,user_role这三张表:
users:
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `users`; CREATE TABLE `users` ( `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `username` varchar(20) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL, `password` varchar(100) NOT NULL, `enabled` varchar(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0', PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=2 DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
role:
1 DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `role`; 2 CREATE TABLE `role` ( 3 `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, 4 `name` varchar(100) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL, 5 `description` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL, 6 `enabled` tinyint(1) DEFAULT NULL, 7 PRIMARY KEY (`id`), 8 UNIQUE KEY `rolename_index` (`name`) USING BTREE 9 ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=3 DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
user_role:
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `users`; CREATE TABLE `users` ( `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `username` varchar(20) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL, `password` varchar(100) NOT NULL, `enabled` varchar(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0', PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=2 DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
然后执行Sql插入数据:
INSERT INTO `users` VALUES ('0', 'xiakan', 'xiakan', '1'); INSERT INTO `role` VALUES ('1', 'user', '用户角色', 1); INSERT INTO `role` VALUES ('2', 'admin', '管理员角色', 1); INSERT INTO `user_role` VALUES ('1', '1', '0');
2.修改AppSecurity.xml
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 2 <beans:beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/security" 3 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 4 xmlns:beans="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 5 xsi:schemaLocation=" 6 http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 7 http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd 8 http://www.springframework.org/schema/security 9 http://www.springframework.org/schema/security/spring-security-3.1.xsd"> 10 11 <http auto-config="true"> 12 <intercept-url pattern="/login**" access="IS_AUTHENTICATED_ANONYMOUSLY" /> 13 <intercept-url pattern="/**/*.js" access="IS_AUTHENTICATED_ANONYMOUSLY" /> 14 <intercept-url pattern="/**" access="ROLE_USER" /> 15 <form-login login-page="/login.jsp" authentication-failure-url="/login_fail.do" default-target-url="/login_success.do"/> 16 </http> 17 18 <beans:bean id="userDetailsService" class="com.xk.security.UserDetailServiceImpl" /> 19 20 <authentication-manager alias="authenticationManager"> 21 <authentication-provider user-service-ref="userDetailsService" /> 22 </authentication-manager> 23 </beans:beans>
我们添加了一个Bean:com.xk.security.UserDetailServiceImpl,这个bean的代码如下:
1 package com.xk.security; 2 3 import java.util.ArrayList; 4 import java.util.List; 5 6 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; 7 import org.springframework.security.core.GrantedAuthority; 8 import org.springframework.security.core.authority.SimpleGrantedAuthority; 9 import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails; 10 import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService; 11 import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UsernameNotFoundException; 12 13 import com.xk.dao.IUserManager; 14 import com.xk.item.Role; 15 import com.xk.item.User; 16 17 public class UserDetailServiceImpl implements UserDetailsService{ 18 @Autowired 19 private IUserManager userManager = null; 20 public UserDetailServiceImpl(){ 21 } 22 public IUserManager getUserManager() { 23 return userManager; 24 } 25 public UserDetails loadUserByUsername(String username) throws UsernameNotFoundException { 26 User user = userManager.search(username); 27 if (user==null) 28 throw new UsernameNotFoundException(username+" not exist!"); 29 List<GrantedAuthority> authsList = new ArrayList<GrantedAuthority>(); 30 for (Role role:userManager.getRoles(user)) { 31 authsList.add(new SimpleGrantedAuthority(role.getName())); 32 } 33 boolean accountNonExpired = true; 34 boolean credentialsNonExpired = true; 35 boolean accountNonLocked = true; 36 37 UserDetails userdetails = new org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.User(user.getUsername(), user 38 .getPassword(),user.isEnabled(), accountNonExpired, credentialsNonExpired, accountNonLocked, authsList); 39 40 return userdetails; 41 } 42 }
用刚刚的insert到数据库的用户信息,就可以看到如下界面:
4.用MD5方式密码加密;
这里的数据库中用了明码的方式来存储用户密码,这样对用户来说是很不安全的,前段时间各大网站的密码泄露事件就是因为用了明文存储用户密码,为了加密用户的密码,这里我们可以用MD5的方式:
1.修改AppSecurity.xml:
其实也可以用js做好加密后post到服务器,这样更安全!