29.3、形态学---其他实例
开运算：当目标物体区域无法容纳给定的开运算结的构元素时，在凸角点或毛刺和细小区域就会被祛除，可以将两个
物体（交接部分较小无法容纳给定的结构元素）分开。
闭运算：闭运算是用来填充区域的凹角或沟壑和空洞，链接邻近的区域。
例1：闭运算（膨胀）--链接邻近区域
read_image (Snap3, 'C:/Snap3.bmp')
threshold (Snap3, Regions, 0, 102)
connection (Regions, ConnectedRegions)
*结果如下图，缺点：i，j字母有两部分组成，connection把它们分开了
*膨胀
dilation_circle (Regions, RegionDilation,4)
connection (RegionDilation, ConnectedRegions1)
*此处的膨胀也可以用闭运算来实现
* draw_rectangle1 (3600, Row1, Column1, Row2, Column2)
* gen_rectangle1 (Rectangle, Row1, Column1, Row2, Column2)
* closing (Regions, Rectangle, RegionClosing)
*取交集，结果连通性跟第一个输入参数保持一致
intersection (ConnectedRegions1,ConnectedRegions , RegionIntersection)
例子2：闭运算----链接邻近区域（计算圆心距）
read_image (Rigid, 'F:/Halcon学习/4、群共享资料下载/测量圆孔间距离/孔心距测量.png')
*分割小圆
threshold (Rigid, Regions1, 10, 255)
connection (Regions1, ConnectedRegions2)
select_shape (ConnectedRegions2, SelectedRegions, 'area', 'and', 100, 31212)
***************把region分为三部分***************************************
union1 (SelectedRegions, RegionUnion)
*获得一个合理的结构元素
dev_display (Rigid)
bin_threshold (Rigid, Region)
fill_up (Region, RegionFillUp)
smallest_rectangle2 (RegionFillUp, Row, Column, Phi, Length1, Length2)
gen_rectangle2 (Rectangle, Row, Column, Phi, Length1, 1)
*进行开运算
closing (RegionUnion, Rectangle, RegionClosing)
*注意：这里不适合用膨胀来使它们连接起来，因为会超出左右两端
* 也不适合把闭运算分开即先膨胀再腐蚀
* dilation1 (RegionUnion, Rectangle, RegionDilation1, 1)
* erosion1 (RegionDilation1, Rectangle, RegionErosion, 1)
connection (RegionClosing, ConnectedRegions)
***************计算每部分的圆心距离***************************************
count_obj (ConnectedRegions, Number)
dev_display (Rigid)
for i:=1 to Number by 1
*选中第i部分
select_obj (ConnectedRegions, ObjectSelected, i)
*做差集
intersection (SelectedRegions, ObjectSelected, ConnectedRegions1)
sort_region (ConnectedRegions1, SortedRegions, 'first_point', 'true', 'column')
area_center (SortedRegions, Area, Row1, Column1)
for j:=0 to |Row1|-2 by 1
distance_pp (Row1[j], Column1[j], Row1[j+1], Column1[j+1], Distance1)
if(j%2=1)
disp_message (3600, Distance1, 'image', Row1[j]+10, Column1[j], 'red', 'false')
else
disp_message (3600, Distance1, 'image', Row1[j]-20, Column1[j], 'red', 'false')
endif
endfor
endfor
例子3：闭运算----填补凹角或空洞
read_image (Snap4, 'F:/Halcon学习/7、测试图片/Snap4.bmp')
*阈值分割
threshold (Snap4, Regions, 153, 255)
*闭运算填补空洞或沟壑
closing_circle (Regions, RegionClosing,400)
*闭运算前后做差集，求得沟壑或空洞大小
difference (RegionClosing,Regions , RegionDifference)
例子4：开运算---去除毛刺和凸角（查找相同物体）
read_image (Snap2, 'F:/Halcon学习/7、测试图片/Snap2.bmp')
rgb1_to_gray (Snap2, GrayImage)
*阈值分割某单个物体，作为开运算的结构元素
draw_region (Region, 3600)
reduce_domain (GrayImage, Region, ImageReduced)
threshold (ImageReduced, struc, 0, 4)
*阈值分割整个图像
threshold (GrayImage, Regions, 0, 111)
*开运算
opening (Regions, struc, RegionOpening)
例子5：开运算---去除毛刺和凸角
物体的大小比开运算的结构元素的大小 小 的时候，这些物体会被去除。并结果形状趋向于结构元素
read_image (Bond, 'die/die_03')
*设置ROI，减少处理图像的幅度
threshold (Bond, Bright, 100, 255)
shape_trans (Bright, Die, 'rectangle2')
reduce_domain (Bond, Die, DieGrey)
threshold (DieGrey, Wires, 0, 50)
*填补空洞
fill_up_shape (Wires, WiresFilled, 'area', 1, 100)
*开运算
opening_circle (WiresFilled, Balls, 15.5)
*当用矩形结构元素做开运算时候
opening_rectangle1 (WiresFilled, RegionOpening, 17, 17)
