Python fabric远程自动部署简介

2.1. Hello,fab

1. 在当前目录下新建文件fabfile.py，输入内容如下

1def hello():
2 
3    print("Hello fab!")

2. 执行命令fab hello，结果如下

1# fab hello
2 
3Hello fab!

3. 文件名不为fabfile.py时需进行指定

1# mv fabfile.py test.py
2 
3# fab hello
4 
5  
6 
7Fatal error: Couldn't find any fabfiles!
8 
9  
10 
11Remember that -f can be used to specify fabfile path, and use -h for help.
12 
13  
14 
15# fab -f test.py hello
16 
17Hello fab!

4. 参数传递

1#vi fabfile.py
2 
3def hello(name):
4 
5        print 'Hello %s!'%name
6 
7  
8 
9# fab hello:name=fab
10 
11Hello fab!
12 
13  
14 
15  
16 
17# fab hello:fab
18 
19Hello fab!

2.2. 本地操作

执行本地操作命令使用local

1. fabfile.py脚本内容如下

1from fabric.api import local
2 
3  
4 
5def test():
6 
7local('cd /home/')
8 
9local('ls -l|wc -l')

2. 执行命令fab test，结果如下

1# fab test
2 
3[localhost] local: cd /home/
4 
5[localhost] local: ls -l|wc -l
6 
78

2.3. 远程操作

执行远程操作命令使用run

1. fabfile.py脚本内容如下

1from fabric.api import cd,run,env,hosts
2 
3env.hosts=['192.168.85.99:22','192.168.85.101:22']
4 
5env.password='test'
6 
7def test():
8 
9with cd('/home'):
10 
11run("du -sh")

2. 执行命令fab test，结果如下

1# fab test
2 
3[192.168.85.99:22] Executing task 'test'
4 
5[192.168.85.99:22] run: du -sh
6 
7[192.168.85.99:22] out: 392G      .
8 
9[192.168.85.99:22] out:
10 
11[192.168.85.101:22] Executing task 'test'
12 
13[192.168.85.101:22] run: du -sh
14 
15[192.168.85.101:22] out: 5.6G     .
16 
17[192.168.85.101:22] out:
18 
19Disconnecting from 192.168.85.99... done.
20 
21Disconnecting from 192.168.85.101... done.

3. 多服务器混合，需要在不同服务器进行不同操作时，可参考如下脚本

1from fabric.api import env,roles,run,execute
2 
3env.roledefs = {
4 
5'server1': ['root@192.168.85.99:22',],
6 
7'server2': ['root@192.168.85.100:22', ]
8 
9}
10 
11env.password = 'test'
12 
13@roles('server1')
14 
15def task1():
16 
17run('ls /home/ -l | wc -l')
18 
19@roles('server2')
20 
21def task2():
22 
23run('du -sh /home')
24 
25def test():
26 
27execute(task1)
28 
29execute(task2)

结果如下

1# fab test
2 
3[root@192.168.85.99:22] Executing task 'task1'
4 
5[root@192.168.85.99:22] run: ls /home/ -l | wc -l
6 
7[root@192.168.85.99:22] out: 27
8 
9[root@192.168.85.99:22] out:
10 
11[root@192.168.85.100:22] Executing task 'task2'
12 
13[root@192.168.85.100:22] run: du -sh /home
14 
15[root@192.168.85.100:22] out: 1.4G   /home
16 
17[root@192.168.85.100:22] out:
18 
19Disconnecting from 192.168.85.99... done.
20 
21Disconnecting from 192.168.85.100... done.