MATLAB｜科研绘图｜山脊图
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山脊图介绍
山脊图（Ridge Plot），也被称为Joy Plot，是一种用于可视化数据分布的图表，特别是用于显示多个组的分布情况。在这种图表中，每个组的数据分布都通过平滑的密度曲线来表示，这些曲线沿着垂直轴堆叠，形成类似山脊的视觉效果。山脊图是核密度估计（KDE）的一个应用，它提供了比传统的条形图或直方图更平滑的数据分布视图。
用途：山脊图主要用于展示和比较不同组或类别内数据的分布情况。它特别适合于以下情境：
- 比较多个分布：当需要展示和比较多组数据的分布形状时，山脊图能够直观地展示出分布之间的差异。
- 展现趋势变化：在时间序列数据中，山脊图可以用来展示数据随时间的变化趋势。
- 优化空间利用：通过堆叠的方式，山脊图能在有限的空间内展示大量的分布信息。
缺点：
- 可读性：对于不熟悉这种图表的观众来说，山脊图可能难以理解和解读。
- 叠加问题：当曲线重叠较多时，可能会导致图表的某些部分难以区分。
- 数据量限制：对于数据量非常大的数据集，山脊图可能不那么有效，因为过多的曲线会使图表变得杂乱。
应用场景：
- 时间序列分析：在金融、经济、气象等领域，用于展示某个变量随时间的变化趋势。
- 社会科学：比如在选举数据分析中，展示不同候选人或党派在不同地区或人群中的支持率分布。
- 生物医学：用于展示不同实验组或治疗方法下的生物统计数据分布。
绘图教程
线条山脊图
data = randn(100,12)+[ 20 22 24 26 28 31 30 28 26 24 22 20];
lgLable= {'January', 'February', 'March', 'April', 'May', 'June','July', 'August', 'September', 'October', 'November', 'December'};
colors=makeColorMap([0,0,0;1,1,1],12);
figure('Position',[476 246 511 620])
p=0.15;
yTick=(1:size(data, 2))*p;
for i = 1:size(data, 2)
[f, x] = ksdensity(data(:, i));
f=f+i*p;
pHandle=plot(x, f, 'LineWidth', 1.5,'color',colors(i,:));
hold on;
yline(yTick(i),'-.','LineWidth',1,'Color',pHandle.Color,'HandleVisibility','off')
end
grid off;box off;
legend(lgLable,'box','on','Color',[1,1,1]*0.95,'EdgeColor','none');
set(gca, 'YTick',yTick , 'YTickLabel',lgLable,'LineWidth', 1.5, 'XMinorTick', 'on', 'TickDir', 'out', ...
'fontname','Times new Roman','color',[1,1,1]*0.9);
xlabel('XXXX-Value');
ylabel('YYYY-Value');
title('Ridge Plot');
hold off;
填充山脊图
data = randn(100,12)+[ 20 22 24 26 28 31 30 28 26 24 22 20];
lgLable= {'January', 'February', 'March', 'April', 'May', 'June','July', 'August', 'September', 'October', 'November', 'December'};
% colors=makeColorMap(winter,size(data, 2));
colors=makeColorMap(jet,size(data, 2));
figure('Position',[476 246 511 620])
p =0.2;
hold on;
for i = size(data, 2):-1:1
[f, x] = ksdensity(data(:, i));
fShifted = f + i * p;
pHandle = plot(x, fShifted,'color',colors(i,:),'LineWidth', 1.5,'HandleVisibility', 'off');
yline(i * p, '-.', 'LineWidth', 1, 'Color', colors(i,:),'HandleVisibility', 'off')
Xfill = [x, fliplr(x)];
Yfill = [fShifted, ones(1, length(x)) * i * p];
fill(Xfill, Yfill, pHandle.Color, 'EdgeColor', 'none', 'FaceAlpha', 0.3);
end
yTick = (1:size(data, 2)) * p;
ax = gca;
hold off;
set(ax, 'YTick', yTick, ...
'YTickLabel', lgLable, ...
'LineWidth', 1.5, 'XMinorTick', 'on', 'TickDir', 'out', ...
'fontname','Times new Roman');
xlabel('XXXX-Value');
ylabel('YYYY-Value');
title('Ridge Plot');
3D填充山脊图
data = randn(100,12)+[ 20 22 24 26 28 31 30 28 26 24 22 20];
lgLabel= {'January', 'February', 'March', 'April', 'May', 'June','July', 'August', 'September', 'October', 'November', 'December'};
p = 0.2;
xTick=(1:size(data, 2))*p;
figure('Position',[476 246 511 620])
hold on;
colors=makeColorMap(hsv,size(data, 2));
legendHandles = zeros(size(data, 2), 1);
for i = 1:size(data, 2)
[f, y] = ksdensity(data(:, i));
xShifted = i * p;
plot3(xShifted * ones(size(f)), y, f, 'LineWidth', 1.5, 'Color', colors(i,:), 'HandleVisibility', 'off');
Yfill = [y, fliplr(y)];
Xfill = [xShifted * ones(1, length(y)), xShifted * ones(1, length(y))];
Zfill = [f, zeros(size(f))];
legendHandles(i) = fill3(Xfill, Yfill, Zfill, colors(i,:), 'EdgeColor', 'none', 'FaceAlpha', 0.3);
end
grid off;
box on;
legend(lgLabel,'box','on','Color',[1,1,1]*0.95,'EdgeColor','none','FontName','Times New Roman','location','best');
set(gca, 'XTick',xTick, 'XTickLabel',lgLabel,'FontName','Times New Roman','linewidth',1)
xlabel('XXXX-Value');
ylabel('YYYY-Value');
zlabel('ZZZ-Value');
title('Ridge Plot');
view([-83.4000 71.6830])
hold off;
不同核山脊图、添加边际散点密度
data = randn(100,3)+[ 20 24 28];
colors=makeColorMap(jet,size(data, 2));
figure('Position',[476 246 511 620])
p=0;
hold on;
yTick=(1:size(data, 2))*p;
lineLength = 0.02; % 竖线的长度
for i = size(data, 2):-1:1
[f, x] = ksdensity(data(:, i));
fShifted = f + i * p;
pHandle = plot(x, fShifted, 'color', colors(i,:), 'LineWidth', 1.5, 'HandleVisibility', 'off');
yline(i * p, '-.', 'LineWidth', 1, 'Color', colors(i,:), 'HandleVisibility', 'off');
Xfill = [x, fliplr(x)];
Yfill = [fShifted, ones(1, length(x)) * i * p];
fill(Xfill, Yfill, pHandle.Color, 'EdgeColor', 'none', 'FaceAlpha', 0.3);
for j = 1:length(data(:, i))
line([data(j, i), data(j, i)], [i * p, i * p + lineLength], 'Color', pHandle.Color, 'LineWidth', 1);
end
end
grid off;box off;
ax=gca;
set(ax,'LineWidth', 1.5, 'XMinorTick', 'on', 'TickDir', 'out', ...
'fontname','Times new Roman','color',[1,1,1]*0.9);
ax.YLim=[0,1];
ax.XLim=[15,32];
xlabel('XXXX-Value');
ylabel('YYYY-Value');
title('Ridge Plot');
hold off;
横坐标方向、全局渐变的散点图
data = randn(100,12)+[ 20 22 24 26 28 31 30 28 26 24 22 20];
lgLabel={'January', 'February', 'March', 'April', 'May', 'June',
'July', 'August', 'September', 'October', 'November', 'December'};
p = 0.2;
numColors = 256;
% 创建一个从紫色到红色再到黄色的颜色映射
colorMap =makeColorMap([0.1490 0.0353 0.5608;0.7305 0.2500 0.4922;0.9569 0.9490 0.1765],numColors);
% 计算全局的x轴范围
xMin = min(data, [], 'all');
xMax = max(data, [], 'all');
figure('Position',[476 246 511 620])
hold on;
for i = size(data, 2):-1:1
[f(i,:), x] = ksdensity(data(:, i), 'Kernel', 'triangle');
fShifted = f(i,:) + i * p; % 偏移每个分布
plot(x, fShifted, 'LineWidth', 1.5, 'color', 'k', 'HandleVisibility', 'off');
yline(i * p, '-.', 'LineWidth', 1, 'HandleVisibility', 'off');
for j = 1:length(x)-1
Xfill = [x(j), x(j+1), x(j+1), x(j)];
Yfill = [i * p, i * p, fShifted(j+1), fShifted(j)];
% 计算当前点的颜色比例
colorRatio = (x(j) - xMin) / (xMax - xMin);
colorIdx = min(numColors, max(1, round(colorRatio * (numColors - 1)) + 1));
fill(Xfill, Yfill, colorMap(colorIdx, :), 'EdgeColor', 'none', 'FaceAlpha', 0.9);
end
end
% 设置轴标签和标题
yTick = (1:size(data, 2)) * p;
set(gca, 'YTick', yTick, ...
'YTickLabel', lgLabel, ...
'LineWidth', 1.5, 'XMinorTick', 'on', 'TickDir', 'out', ...
'fontname','Times new Roman');
xlabel('XXXX-Value');
ylabel('YYYY-Value');
title('Ridge Plot');
% 设置颜色条
colormap(colorMap);
cBar = colorbar;
cBar.TickDirection = 'out';
cBar.LineWidth = 1;
cBar.TickLength = 0.02;
cBar.FontName = 'Times new Roman';
caxis([xMin,xMax]);
hold off;
横坐标方向、单核渐变图
data = randn(100,12) + [20 22 24 26 28 31 30 28 26 24 22 20];
lgLabel = {'January', 'February', 'March', 'April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August', 'September', 'October', 'November', 'December'};
numColors = 256; % 颜色数量
colors = jet(numColors); % 使用jet颜色映射
figure('Position',[476 246 511 620])
p = 0.2;
hold on;
for i = size(data, 2):-1:1
[f, x] = ksdensity(data(:, i));
fShifted = f + i * p;
plot(x, fShifted, 'LineWidth', 1.5, 'HandleVisibility', 'off');
yline(i * p, '-.', 'LineWidth', 1, 'HandleVisibility', 'off');
colorGradient = linspace(1, numColors, length(x));
for j = 1:length(x)-1
Xfill = [x(j), x(j+1), x(j+1), x(j)];
Yfill = [i * p, i * p, fShifted(j+1), fShifted(j)];
fill(Xfill, Yfill, colors(round(colorGradient(j)), :), 'EdgeColor', 'none', 'FaceAlpha', 0.7);
end
end
yTick = (1:size(data, 2)) * p;
set(gca, 'YTick', yTick, 'YTickLabel', lgLabel, ...
'LineWidth', 1.5, 'XMinorTick', 'on', 'TickDir', 'out', ...
'fontname', 'Times new Roman');
xlabel('XXXX-Value');
ylabel('YYYY-Value');
title('Ridge Plot');
colormap(colors);
cBar = colorbar;
cBar.TickDirection = 'out';
cBar.LineWidth = 1;
cBar.TickLength = 0.02;
cBar.FontName = 'Times new Roman';
hold off;
每个山脊图设置不同颜色，且添加边际散点图
data = randn(100,12)+[ 20 22 24 26 28 31 30 28 26 24 22 20];
lgLable = {'January', 'February', 'March', 'April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August', 'September', 'October', 'November', 'December'};
figure('Position', [476 246 511 620])
p = 0.3;
lineLength = 0.04; % 竖线的长度
colors=makeColorMap(hsv,size(data, 2));
hold on;
for i = size(data, 2):-1:1
[f, x] = ksdensity(data(:, i));
fShifted = f + i * p;
pHandle = plot(x, fShifted, 'color', colors(i,:), 'LineWidth', 1.5, 'HandleVisibility', 'off');
yline(i * p, '-.', 'LineWidth', 1, 'Color', colors(i,:), 'HandleVisibility', 'off');
Xfill = [x, fliplr(x)];
Yfill = [fShifted, ones(1, length(x)) * i * p];
fill(Xfill, Yfill, pHandle.Color, 'EdgeColor', 'none', 'FaceAlpha', 0.3);
for j = 1:length(data(:, i))
line([data(j, i), data(j, i)], [i * p, i * p + lineLength], 'Color', 'k', 'LineWidth', 1);
end
end
yTick = (1:size(data, 2)) * p;
set(gca, 'YTick', yTick, ...
'YTickLabel', lgLable, ...
'LineWidth', 1.5, 'XMinorTick', 'on', 'TickDir', 'out', ...
'fontname', 'Times new Roman');
xlabel('XXXX-Value');
ylabel('YYYY-Value');
title('Ridge Plot');
每个山脊图设置不同颜色单核横向颜色渐变
data = randn(100,12)+[ 20 22 24 26 28 31 30 28 26 24 22 20];
lgLabel = {'January', 'February', 'March', 'April', 'May', 'June', ...
'July', 'August', 'September', 'October', 'November', 'December'};
p = 0.2;
numColors = 256;
% 创建12个不同的颜色映射，每个月一个
colorMaps = cell(1, 12);
colorList={parula,turbo,hsv,hot,cool,spring,summer,autumn,winter,gray,bone,copper,pink,jet,lines,colorcube,prism,flag};
for i = 1:12
colorMaps{i} = makeColorMap(colorList{i}, numColors);
end
% 计算全局的x轴范围
xMin = min(data, [], 'all');
xMax = max(data, [], 'all');
figure('Position', [476 246 511 620])
hold on;
for i = size(data, 2):-1:1
[f(i,:), x] = ksdensity(data(:, i), 'Kernel', 'triangle');
fShifted = f(i,:) + i * p; % 偏移每个分布
plot(x, fShifted, 'LineWidth', 1.5, 'color', 'k', 'HandleVisibility', 'off');
yline(i * p, '-.', 'LineWidth', 1, 'HandleVisibility', 'off');
currentColorMap = colorMaps{i};
for j = 1:length(x)-1
Xfill = [x(j), x(j+1), x(j+1), x(j)];
Yfill = [i * p, i * p, fShifted(j+1), fShifted(j)];
colorRatio = (x(j) - xMin) / (xMax - xMin);
colorIdx = min(numColors, max(1, round(colorRatio * (numColors - 1)) + 1));
fill(Xfill, Yfill, currentColorMap(colorIdx, :), 'EdgeColor', 'none', 'FaceAlpha', 0.9);
end
end
yTick = (1:size(data, 2)) * p;
set(gca, 'YTick', yTick, ...
'YTickLabel', lgLabel, ...
'LineWidth', 1.5, 'XMinorTick', 'on', 'TickDir', 'out', ...
'fontname', 'Times new Roman');
xlabel('XXXX-Value');
ylabel('YYYY-Value');
title('Ridge Plot');
hold off;
山脊图的 Y值映射颜色变化
data = randn(100,12) + [20 22 24 26 28 31 30 28 26 24 22 20]; lgLabel = {'January', 'February', 'March', 'April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August', 'September', 'October', 'November', 'December'}; numColors = 100; % 颜色数量 colors =makeColorMap(jet, numColors); figure('Position',[476 246 511 620]) p = 0.2; hold on; for i = size(data, 2):-1:1 [f, x] = ksdensity(data(:, i)); fShifted = f + i * p; plot(x, fShifted, 'LineWidth', 1.5, 'HandleVisibility', 'off'); yline(i * p, '-.', 'LineWidth', 1, 'HandleVisibility', 'off'); % 计算整个分布的最小和最大纵坐标 minY = min(fShifted); maxY = max(fShifted); for j = 1:length(x)-1 Xfill = [x(j), x(j+1), x(j+1), x(j)]; Yfill = [i * p, i * p, fShifted(j+1), fShifted(j)]; avgY = mean(Yfill(3:4)); colorIdx = round(((avgY - minY) / (maxY - minY)) * (numColors - 1)) + 1; fill(Xfill, Yfill, colors(colorIdx, :), 'EdgeColor', 'none', 'FaceAlpha', 0.6); end end yTick = (1:size(data, 2)) * p; set(gca, 'YTick', yTick, 'YTickLabel', lgLabel, ... 'LineWidth', 1.5, 'XMinorTick', 'on', 'TickDir', 'out', ... 'fontname', 'Times new Roman'); xlabel('XXXX-Value'); ylabel('YYYY-Value'); title('Ridge Plot'); colormap(colors); cBar = colorbar; cBar.TickDirection = 'out'; cBar.LineWidth = 1; cBar.TickLength = 0.02; cBar.FontName = 'Times new Roman'; hold off;
四分位点
data = randn(100,12) + [20 22 24 26 28 31 30 28 26 24 22 20];
lgLabel = {'January', 'February', 'March', 'April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August', 'September', 'October', 'November', 'December'};
colors = makeColorMap(jet, size(data, 2));
figure('Position', [476 246 511 620])
p = 0.2;
hold on;
for i = size(data, 2):-1:1
[f, x] = ksdensity(data(:, i));
fShifted = f + i * p;
pHandle = plot(x, fShifted, 'color', colors(i,:), 'LineWidth', 1.5, 'HandleVisibility', 'off');
yline(i * p, '-.', 'LineWidth', 1, 'Color', colors(i,:), 'HandleVisibility', 'off')
Xfill = [x, fliplr(x)];
Yfill = [fShifted, ones(1, length(x)) * i * p];
fill(Xfill, Yfill, pHandle.Color, 'EdgeColor', 'none', 'FaceAlpha', 0.3);
% 计算并标记四分位点
quartiles = quantile(data(:, i), [0.25 0.50 0.75]);
for q = quartiles
[~, idx] = min(abs(x-q));
plot(q, fShifted(idx), 'o', 'MarkerFaceColor', pHandle.Color, 'MarkerEdgeColor', 'k');
end
end
yTick = (1:size(data, 2)) * p;
set(gca, 'YTick', yTick, ...
'YTickLabel', lgLabel, ...
'LineWidth', 1.5, 'XMinorTick', 'on', 'TickDir', 'out', ...
'fontname', 'Times new Roman');
xlabel('XXXX-Value');
ylabel('YYYY-Value');
title('Ridge Plot');
hold off;
data = randn(100,12) + [20 22 24 26 28 31 30 28 26 24 22 20];
lgLabel = {'January', 'February', 'March', 'April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August', 'September', 'October', 'November', 'December'};
colors = makeColorMap(jet, size(data, 2));
figure('Position', [476 246 511 620])
p = 0.2;
hold on;
for i = size(data, 2):-1:1
[f, x] = ksdensity(data(:, i));
fShifted = f + i * p;
pHandle = plot(x, fShifted, 'color', colors(i,:), 'LineWidth', 1.5, 'HandleVisibility', 'off');
yline(i * p, '-.', 'LineWidth', 1, 'Color', colors(i,:), 'HandleVisibility', 'off');
Xfill = [x, fliplr(x)];
Yfill = [fShifted, ones(1, length(x)) * i * p];
fill(Xfill, Yfill, pHandle.Color, 'EdgeColor', 'none', 'FaceAlpha', 0.3);
% 计算并标记四分位点，并绘制竖线
quartiles = quantile(data(:, i), [0.25 0.50 0.75]);
for q = quartiles
[~, idx] = min(abs(x-q));
plot(q, fShifted(idx), 'o', 'MarkerFaceColor', pHandle.Color, 'MarkerEdgeColor', 'k');
line([q q], [fShifted(idx) i * p], 'Color', pHandle.Color, 'LineStyle', '-.','LineWidth', 1);
end
end
yTick = (1:size(data, 2)) * p;
set(gca, 'YTick', yTick, ...
'YTickLabel', lgLabel, ...
'LineWidth', 1.5, 'XMinorTick', 'on', 'TickDir', 'out', ...
'fontname', 'Times new Roman');
xlabel('XXXX-Value');
ylabel('YYYY-Value');
title('Ridge Plot');
hold off;
其中makeColorMap函数代码之前「一张图搞定绘图配色问题」有详细介绍。
源码：
posted on 2023-11-14 14:04 好玩的MATLAB 阅读(868) 评论(0) 编辑 收藏 举报 来源
