ArcGIS对shp空间网格化处理与分区统计

1 Create Fishnet

先准备好需要格网化的polygon矢量

打开Toolbox中的 Data Management Tools，选择 Create Fishnet

Create Fishnet creates a feature class containing a net of rectangular cells.创造一个包含一些列矩形Polygon的shp

使用该工具要求以下三个基本信息:

the spatial extent of the fishnet, the number of rows and columns, and the angle of rotation. 空间范围行列数旋转角度

The tool has 11 parameters, and you should think of these in four distinct groups:

The spatial extent of fishnet
The number of rows and columns and height and width of each cell in the fishnet 输入好行列数/输入cell高度和宽度
The angle of rotation for the fishnet
Parameters that define the output feature class name and type (polygons or lines) and an optional point dataset containing centroids of each cell

根据需要旋转的角度，以及右上角顶点的y轴坐标，即可使用tan函数计算出右上角顶点坐标，作为 Opposite corner of Fishnet 处的坐标值

Output feature class 输出

可以选择输出为POLYGON 或者 POLYLINE

如果要使用Overlay工具集中的工具在网格上叠加分析，建议选择 POLYGON 作为输出类型

如果只是为了显示网格，选择输出几何类型为 POLYLINE 即可（输出为 POLYGON 比 POLYLINE 要慢很多）

得到1km×1km网格的矢量：

可以使用Clip工具对网格矢量进行裁剪：

得到如下矢量：

2 分区统计

想要计算每个网格中的不同土地利用类型的像元数量（或者是计算某种土地利用类型在网格中所占的比例）可以使用分区统计工具集

例如，想计算每个网格中建设用地（红色区域）所占的面积比例，以表征城市发展强度

这一步可以先把建设用地重分类为1，其他类型重分类为0

With the Zonal Statistics tool, a statistic is calculated for each zone defined by a zone dataset, based on values from another dataset (a value raster). A single output value is computed for every zone in the input zone dataset.

A zone is all the cells in a raster that have the same value, whether or not they are contiguous. The input zone layer defines the shape, values, and locations of the zones. An integer field in the zone input is specified to define the zones. A string field can also be used. Both raster and feature datasets can be used as the zone dataset.

The input value raster contains the input values used in calculating the output statistic for each zone.

In the following illustration, the Zone layer demonstrates an input raster that defines the zones. The Value layer contains the input for which a statistic is to be calculated per zone.

In this example, the maximum of the value input is to be identified for each zone.