Debian Subversion(SVN)的安装

本文记录的安装步骤是基于基本安装后的Debian，启动后漆黑一片，只有命令行，采用在线安装方式，因此配置中国的镜像软件源能提高软件的下载速度，首先配置软件源。
备份源文件 # cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak 编辑源文件 # nano /etc/apt/sources.list 注释掉本地光盘源这一行，注释后如： # deb cdrom:[Debian GNU/Linux 6.0.7 _Squeeze_ - Official amd64 NETINST Binary-1 20130223-18:50]/ squeeze main
取消下面两行官方源前面的注释 deb http://security.debian.org/ squeeze/updates main deb-src http://security.debian.org/ squeeze/updates main
追加163的镜像源地址 deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ squeeze main non-free contrib deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ squeeze-proposed-updates main contrib non-free deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian-security/ squeeze/updates main contrib non-free deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ squeeze main non-free contrib deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ squeeze-proposed-updates main contrib non-free deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian-security/ squeeze/updates main contrib non-free deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/debian/ squeeze main non-free contrib deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/debian/ squeeze-proposed-updates main contrib non-free deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/debian-security/ squeeze/updates main contrib non-free deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/debian/ squeeze main non-free contrib deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/debian/ squeeze-proposed-updates main contrib non-free deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/debian-security/ squeeze/updates main contrib non-free
保存修改 # ctrl + o 回车 退出 # ctrl + x
更新源 # apt-get update
更新系统 # apt-get upgrade
安装SVN服务器 # apt-get install subversion subversion-tools
安装完成后可以运行命令查看SVN服务器版本信息 # svnserve --version
配置SVN 首先创建版本库的根目录，如位置：/home/svn/repository，所有项目都将在该目录下创建相应子文件夹 # mkdir –p /home/svn/repository
创建项目版本库test（仅为演示） # svnadmin create /home/svn/repository/test

修改SVN配置文件 nano /home/svn/repository/test/conf/svnserve.conf

以下为文件内容： ### This file controls the configuration of the svnserve daemon, if you ### use it to allow access to this repository.  (If you only allow ### access through http: and/or file: URLs, then this file is ### irrelevant.)

### Visit http://subversion.tigris.org/ for more information.

[general] ### These options control access to the repository for unauthenticated ### and authenticated users.  Valid values are "write", "read", ### and "none".  The sample settings below are the defaults # 未授权配置为禁止访问none，已授权配置为可以读写write anon-access = none auth-access = write ### The password-db option controls the location of the password ### database file.  Unless you specify a path starting with a /, ### the file's location is relative to the directory containing ### this configuration file. ### If SASL is enabled (see below), this file will NOT be used. ### Uncomment the line below to use the default password file. # 用户数据库文件，配置授权用户，当前使用的文件是和svnserve.conf在相同目录下的passwd文件，也可以指定其他绝对路径文件，如：/home/svn/passwd password-db = passwd ### The authz-db option controls the location of the authorization ### rules for path-based access control.  Unless you specify a path ### starting with a /, the file's location is relative to the the ### directory containing this file.  If you don't specify an ### authz-db, no path-based access control is done. ### Uncomment the line below to use the default authorization file. # 授权文件，配置如同用户配置 authz-db = authz ### This option specifies the authentication realm of the repository. ### If two repositories have the same authentication realm, they should ### have the same password database, and vice versa.  The default realm ### is repository's uuid. # realm = My First Repository

[sasl] ### This option specifies whether you want to use the Cyrus SASL ### library for authentication. Default is false. ### This section will be ignored if svnserve is not built with Cyrus ### SASL support; to check, run 'svnserve --version' and look for a line ### reading 'Cyrus SASL authentication is available.' # use-sasl = true ### These options specify the desired strength of the security layer ### that you want SASL to provide. 0 means no encryption, 1 means ### integrity-checking only, values larger than 1 are correlated ### to the effective key length for encryption (e.g. 128 means 128-bit ### encryption). The values below are the defaults. # min-encryption = 0 # max-encryption = 256

保存 # ctrl + o 回车

退出 # ctrl + x

配置用户 # nano passwd

以下为文件内容： ### This file is an example password file for svnserve. ### Its format is similar to that of svnserve.conf. As shown in the ### example below it contains one section labelled [users]. ### The name and password for each user follow, one account per line.

[users] # harry = harryssecret # sally = sallyssecret IceWee = IceWee

增加用户IceWee，密码也为IceWee，=号两侧需要有空格，保存(ctrl + o 回车)退出(ctrl + x)

配置访问权限 # nano authz

以下为文件内容： ### This file is an example authorization file for svnserve. ### Its format is identical to that of mod_authz_svn authorization ### files. ### As shown below each section defines authorizations for the path and ### (optional) repository specified by the section name. ### The authorizations follow. An authorization line can refer to: ###  - a single user, ###  - a group of users defined in a special [groups] section, ###  - an alias defined in a special [aliases] section, ###  - all authenticated users, using the '$authenticated' token, ###  - only anonymous users, using the '$anonymous' token, ###  - anyone, using the '*' wildcard. ### ### A match can be inverted by prefixing the rule with '~'. Rules can ### grant read ('r') access, read-write ('rw') access, or no access ### ('').

[aliases] # joe = /C=XZ/ST=Dessert/L=Snake City/O=Snake Oil, Ltd./OU=Research Institute/CN=Joe Average

[groups] # harry_and_sally = harry,sally # harry_sally_and_joe = harry,sally,&joe developers = IceWee

# [/foo/bar] # harry = rw # &joe = r # * =

# [repository:/baz/fuz] # @harry_and_sally = rw # * = r

[/] * = r IceWee = rw @developers = rw

[/tags] IceWee = rw

默认所有用户可读取根，IceWee可以读写根。可以分别对子目录进行授权，如上的tags目录，IceWee具有读写权限，以及IceWee所在的组developers也具备读写权限。
启动SVN服务器 # svnserve -d -r /home/svn/repository -d含义为后台运行（daemon），-r指定的根目录，如访问test应该使用这样的地址 svn://hostname:port/test
停止SVN服务 # killall svnserve
备份还原命令，与oracle的备份有些类似 导出 # svnadmin dump /home/svn/repository/test > /home/bak/test.dump
导入 # svnadmin load /home/svn/repository/demo < /home/bak/demo.dump 导入前提： 必须先创建要导入版本库目录，如上的demo，则需要做以下操作 # svnadmin create /home/svn/respository/demo 修改svnserve.conf、passwd、authz等文件，前面已介绍