实验四 类的组合、继承、模板类、标准库
实验任务2:
GradeCalc.hpp
1 #include <iostream> 2 #include <vector> 3 #include <string> 4 #include <algorithm> 5 #include <numeric> 6 #include <iomanip> 7 8 using std::vector; 9 using std::string; 10 using std::cin; 11 using std::cout; 12 using std::endl; 13 14 class GradeCalc: public vector<int> { 15 public: 16 GradeCalc(const string &cname, int size); 17 void input(); // 录入成绩 18 void output() const; // 输出成绩 19 void sort(bool ascending = false); // 排序 (默认降序) 20 int min() const; // 返回最低分 21 int max() const; // 返回最高分 22 float average() const; // 返回平均分 23 void info(); // 输出课程成绩信息 24 25 private: 26 void compute(); // 成绩统计 27 28 private: 29 string course_name; // 课程名 30 int n; // 课程人数 31 vector<int> counts = vector<int>(5, 0); // 保存各分数段人数([0, 60), [60, 70), [70, 80), [80, 90), [90, 100] 32 vector<double> rates = vector<double>(5, 0); // 保存各分数段比例 33 }; 34 35 GradeCalc::GradeCalc(const string &cname, int size): course_name{cname}, n{size} {} 36 37 void GradeCalc::input() { 38 int grade; 39 40 for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { 41 cin >> grade; 42 this->push_back(grade); 43 } 44 } 45 46 void GradeCalc::output() const { 47 for(auto ptr = this->begin(); ptr != this->end(); ++ptr) 48 cout << *ptr << " "; 49 cout << endl; 50 } 51 52 void GradeCalc::sort(bool ascending) { 53 if(ascending) 54 std::sort(this->begin(), this->end()); 55 else 56 std::sort(this->begin(), this->end(), std::greater<int>()); 57 } 58 59 int GradeCalc::min() const { 60 return *std::min_element(this->begin(), this->end()); 61 } 62 63 int GradeCalc::max() const { 64 return *std::max_element(this->begin(), this->end()); 65 } 66 67 float GradeCalc::average() const { 68 return std::accumulate(this->begin(), this->end(), 0) * 1.0 / n; 69 } 70 71 void GradeCalc::compute() { 72 for(int grade: *this) { 73 if(grade < 60) 74 counts.at(0)++; 75 else if(grade >= 60 && grade < 70) 76 counts.at(1)++; 77 else if(grade >= 70 && grade < 80) 78 counts.at(2)++; 79 else if(grade >= 80 && grade < 90) 80 counts.at(3)++; 81 else if(grade >= 90) 82 counts.at(4)++; 83 } 84 85 for(int i = 0; i < rates.size(); ++i) 86 rates.at(i) = counts.at(i) * 1.0 / n; 87 } 88 89 void GradeCalc::info() { 90 cout << "课程名称:\t" << course_name << endl; 91 cout << "排序后成绩: \t"; 92 sort(); output(); 93 cout << "最高分:\t" << max() << endl; 94 cout << "最低分:\t" << min() << endl; 95 cout << "平均分:\t" << std::fixed << std::setprecision(2) << average() << endl; 96 97 compute(); // 统计各分数段人数、比例 98 99 vector<string> tmp{"[0, 60) ", "[60, 70)", "[70, 80)","[80, 90)", "[90, 100]"}; 100 for(int i = tmp.size()-1; i >= 0; --i) 101 cout << tmp[i] << "\t: " << counts[i] << "人\t" 102 << std::fixed << std::setprecision(2) << rates[i]*100 << "%" << endl; 103 }
task2.cpp
1 #include "GradeCalc.hpp" 2 #include <iomanip> 3 4 void test() { 5 int n; 6 cout << "输入班级人数: "; 7 cin >> n; 8 9 GradeCalc c1("OOP", n); 10 11 cout << "录入成绩: " << endl;; 12 c1.input(); 13 cout << "输出成绩: " << endl; 14 c1.output(); 15 16 cout << string(20, '*') + "课程成绩信息" + string(20, '*') << endl; 17 c1.info(); 18 } 19 20 int main() { 21 test(); 22 }
运行结果截图:
问题1: 1、派生类GradeCalc定义中,成绩存储在哪里?
2、派生类方法sort, min, max, average, output都要访问成绩,是通过什么接口访问到每个成绩的?
3、input方法是通过什么接口实现数据存入对象的?
答:1、派生类的基类为 vector<int> 其数据存储在由基类 vector<int> 所管理的连续内存空间中。
2、通过基类 vector<int> 中的迭代器访问数据。
3、通过 vector<int> 中的 push_back() 接口。
问题2:1、代码line68分母的功能是?
2、去掉乘以1.0代码,重新编译、运行,结果有影响吗?
3、为什么要乘以1.0?
答:1、通过 accumulate() 函数进行对所有成绩的简单累计求和。
2、有影响。
3、accumulate() 函数返回值为整型,除以 n 得到的也是整型,不符合实际意义,乘以1.0 ,将整型转换为浮点型,最后结果也是浮点型。
问题3:从真实应用场景角度考虑,GradeCalc类在设计及代码实现细节上,有哪些地方尚未考虑周全,仍需继续迭代、完善?
答:1、对于错误是成绩输入应该有“报错提示”,如果输入的成绩小于0 或者大于 100 ,会对之后的运算结果造成影响。以下就是一种错误输入。
2、输入的成绩类型可以直接设置为 double 类型( vector<double>),方便之后运算。
实验任务3:
GradeCalc.hpp
1 #include <iostream> 2 #include <vector> 3 #include <string> 4 #include <algorithm> 5 #include <numeric> 6 #include <iomanip> 7 8 using std::vector; 9 using std::string; 10 using std::cin; 11 using std::cout; 12 using std::endl; 13 14 class GradeCalc { 15 public: 16 GradeCalc(const string &cname, int size); 17 void input(); // 录入成绩 18 void output() const; // 输出成绩 19 void sort(bool ascending = false); // 排序 (默认降序) 20 int min() const; // 返回最低分 21 int max() const; // 返回最高分 22 float average() const; // 返回平均分 23 void info(); // 输出课程成绩信息 24 25 private: 26 void compute(); // 成绩统计 27 28 private: 29 string course_name; // 课程名 30 int n; // 课程人数 31 vector<int> grades; // 课程成绩 32 vector<int> counts = vector<int>(5, 0); // 保存各分数段人数([0, 60), [60, 70), [70, 80), [80, 90), [90, 100] 33 vector<double> rates = vector<double>(5, 0); // 保存各分数段比例 34 }; 35 36 GradeCalc::GradeCalc(const string &cname, int size): course_name{cname}, n{size} {} 37 38 void GradeCalc::input() { 39 int grade; 40 41 for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { 42 cin >> grade; 43 grades.push_back(grade); 44 } 45 } 46 47 void GradeCalc::output() const { 48 for(int grade: grades) 49 cout << grade << " "; 50 cout << endl; 51 } 52 53 void GradeCalc::sort(bool ascending) { 54 if(ascending) 55 std::sort(grades.begin(), grades.end()); 56 else 57 std::sort(grades.begin(), grades.end(), std::greater<int>()); 58 59 } 60 61 int GradeCalc::min() const { 62 return *std::min_element(grades.begin(), grades.end()); 63 } 64 65 int GradeCalc::max() const { 66 return *std::max_element(grades.begin(), grades.end()); 67 } 68 69 float GradeCalc::average() const { 70 return std::accumulate(grades.begin(), grades.end(), 0) * 1.0 / n; 71 } 72 73 void GradeCalc::compute() { 74 for(int grade: grades) { 75 if(grade < 60) 76 counts.at(0)++; 77 else if(grade >= 60 && grade < 70) 78 counts.at(1)++; 79 else if(grade >= 70 && grade < 80) 80 counts.at(2)++; 81 else if(grade >= 80 && grade < 90) 82 counts.at(3)++; 83 else if(grade >= 90) 84 counts.at(4)++; 85 } 86 87 for(int i = 0; i < rates.size(); ++i) 88 rates.at(i) = counts.at(i) *1.0 / n; 89 } 90 91 void GradeCalc::info() { 92 cout << "课程名称:\t" << course_name << endl; 93 cout << "排序后成绩: \t"; 94 sort(); output(); 95 cout << "最高分:\t" << max() << endl; 96 cout << "最低分:\t" << min() << endl; 97 cout << "平均分:\t" << std::fixed << std::setprecision(2) << average() << endl; 98 99 compute(); // 统计各分数段人数、比例 100 101 vector<string> tmp{"[0, 60) ", "[60, 70)", "[70, 80)","[80, 90)", "[90, 100]"}; 102 for(int i = tmp.size()-1; i >= 0; --i) 103 cout << tmp[i] << "\t: " << counts[i] << "人\t" 104 << std::fixed << std::setprecision(2) << rates[i]*100 << "%" << endl; 105 }
task3.cpp
1 #include "GradeCalc.hpp" 2 #include <iomanip> 3 4 void test() { 5 int n; 6 cout << "输入班级人数: "; 7 cin >> n; 8 9 GradeCalc c1("OOP", n); 10 11 cout << "录入成绩: " << endl;; 12 c1.input(); 13 cout << "输出成绩: " << endl; 14 c1.output(); 15 16 cout << string(20, '*') + "课程成绩信息" + string(20, '*') << endl; 17 c1.info(); 18 } 19 20 int main() { 21 test(); 22 }
运行结果截图:
问题1: 1、组合类GradeCalc定义中,成绩存储在哪里?
2、组合类方法sort, min, max, average,output都要访问成绩,是通过什么访问到每一个成绩的?
3、观察与实验任务2在代码写法细节上的差别。
答:1、储存在组合类GradeCalc 的私有成员 vector<int> grades 中。
2、通过类中成员 vector 中的迭代器访问数据。
3、实验任务2是通过构造以 vector 为基类的派生类进行数据操作,实验任务3是直接将 vector 作为类的成员,再通过该成员进行数据操作。
问题2:对比实验任务2和实验任务3,主体代码逻辑(测试代码)没有变更,类GradeCalc的 接口也没变,变化的是类GradeCalc的设计及接口内部实现 细节。你对面向对象编程有什么新 的理解和领悟吗?
答:1、派生类基于已有的类搭建新的类来满足特定的需求,减少了重复开发。
2、两种方式都很好的保护了数据,通过暴露相关接口进行数据操作。
实验任务4:
task4_1.cpp
1 #include <iostream> 2 #include <string> 3 #include <limits> 4 5 using namespace std; 6 7 void test1() { 8 string s1, s2; 9 cin >> s1 >> s2; // cin: 从输入流读取字符串, 碰到空白符(空格/回车/Tab)即结束 10 cout << "s1: " << s1 << endl; 11 cout << "s2: " << s2 << endl; 12 } 13 14 void test2() { 15 string s1, s2; 16 getline(cin, s1); // getline(): 从输入流中提取字符串,直到遇到换行符 17 getline(cin, s2); 18 cout << "s1: " << s1 << endl; 19 cout << "s2: " << s2 << endl; 20 } 21 22 void test3() { 23 string s1, s2; 24 getline(cin, s1, ' '); //从输入流中提取字符串,直到遇到指定分隔符 25 getline(cin, s2); 26 cout << "s1: " << s1 << endl; 27 cout << "s2: " << s2 << endl; 28 } 29 30 int main() { 31 cout << "测试1: 使用标准输入流对象cin输入字符串" << endl; 32 test1(); 33 cout << endl; 34 35 cin.ignore(numeric_limits<streamsize>::max(), '\n'); 36 37 cout << "测试2: 使用函数getline()输入字符串" << endl; 38 test2(); 39 cout << endl; 40 41 cout << "测试3: 使用函数getline()输入字符串, 指定字符串分隔符" << endl; 42 test3(); 43 }
问题1:去掉task4_1.cpp的line35,重新编译、运行,给出此时运行结果截图。查阅资料,回 答line35在这里的用途是什么?
答:作用:清空输入流缓存区数据。
如果没有line 35 在第一次输入 Hello World! 后会有一个回车键进入输入流缓存区,之后这个回车键会被赋值给 测试二的 s1,所以 s1 没有输出。
task4_2.cpp
1 #include <iostream> 2 #include <string> 3 #include <vector> 4 #include <limits> 5 6 using namespace std; 7 8 void output(const vector<string> &v) { 9 for(auto &s: v) 10 cout << s << endl; 11 } 12 13 void test() { 14 int n; 15 while(cout << "Enter n: ", cin >> n) { 16 vector<string> v1; 17 18 for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { 19 string s; 20 cin >> s; 21 v1.push_back(s); 22 } 23 24 cout << "output v1: " << endl; 25 output(v1); 26 cout << endl; 27 } 28 } 29 30 int main() { 31 cout << "测试: 使用cin多组输入字符串" << endl; 32 test(); 33 }
出现错误:当输入的字符串多余 n 时会异常终止。如下:
task4_3.cpp
1 #include <iostream> 2 #include <string> 3 #include <vector> 4 #include <limits> 5 6 using namespace std; 7 8 void output(const vector<string> &v) { 9 for(auto &s: v) 10 cout << s << endl; 11 } 12 13 void test() { 14 int n; 15 while(cout << "Enter n: ", cin >> n) { 16 cin.ignore(numeric_limits<streamsize>::max(), '\n'); 17 18 vector<string> v2; 19 20 for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { 21 string s; 22 getline(cin, s); 23 v2.push_back(s); 24 } 25 cout << "output v2: " << endl; 26 output(v2); 27 cout << endl; 28 } 29 } 30 31 int main() { 32 cout << "测试: 使用函数getline()多组输入字符串" << endl; 33 test(); 34 }
问题2:去掉task4_3.cpp的line16,重新编译、运行,给出此时运行结果。查阅资料,回答 line16在这里的用途是什么?
答:作用与 2 相似,防止输入的回车键对结果产生影响。
实验任务5:
grm.hpp
1 #pragma once 2 3 #include<iostream> 4 5 template <typename T> 6 class GameResourceManager 7 { 8 public: 9 GameResourceManager(T initR) :resource{ initR } {} 10 11 T get()const { return resource; } 12 13 void update(T num) 14 { 15 resource += num; 16 if (resource < 0) { resource = 0; } 17 } 18 private: 19 T resource; 20 };
task5.cpp
1 #include "grm.hpp" 2 #include <iostream> 3 4 using std::cout; 5 using std::endl; 6 7 void test1() { 8 GameResourceManager<float> HP_manager(99.99); 9 cout << "当前生命值: " << HP_manager.get() << endl; 10 HP_manager.update(9.99); 11 cout << "增加9.99生命值后, 当前生命值: " << HP_manager.get() << endl; 12 HP_manager.update(-999.99); 13 cout << "减少999.99生命值后, 当前生命值: " << HP_manager.get() << endl; 14 } 15 16 void test2() { 17 GameResourceManager<int> Gold_manager(100); 18 cout << "当前金币数量: " << Gold_manager.get() << endl; 19 Gold_manager.update(50); 20 cout << "增加50个金币后, 当前金币数量: " << Gold_manager.get() << endl; 21 Gold_manager.update(-99); 22 cout << "减少99个金币后, 当前金币数量: " << Gold_manager.get() << endl; 23 } 24 25 26 int main() { 27 cout << "测试1: 用float类型对类模板GameResourceManager实例化" << endl; 28 test1(); 29 cout << endl; 30 31 cout << "测试2: 用int类型对类模板GameResourceManager实例化" << endl; 32 test2(); 33 }
实验任务6:
info.hpp
1 #pragma once 2 #include<iostream> 3 #include<string> 4 #include<iomanip> 5 6 using namespace std; 7 8 class info 9 { 10 public: 11 info(string nickname,string contact,string city,int n): 12 nickname{nickname},contact{contact},city{city},n{n}{} 13 void display()const 14 { 15 cout << string(30, '-') << endl; 16 cout << left << setw(15) << "昵称:" << nickname << "\n" 17 << setw(15) << "联系方式:" << contact << "\n" 18 << setw(15) << "所在城市:" << city << "\n" 19 << setw(15) << "预定人数:" << n << endl; 20 } 21 22 23 private: 24 string nickname; 25 string contact; 26 string city; 27 int n; 28 };
task6.cpp
1 #include"info.hpp" 2 #include<vector> 3 #include<iomanip> 4 5 const int capacity = 100; 6 int main() 7 { 8 vector<info> a; 9 cout << "录入用户预约信息:\n" << endl; 10 int num = 0, last_num = 0; 11 string nickname, contact, city; 12 int n; 13 label: 14 while(cout << "昵称:",cin >> nickname) 15 { 16 cout << "联系方式(手机号/邮箱):"; 17 cin >> contact; 18 cout << "所在城市:"; 19 cin >> city; 20 cout << "预定参加人数:"; 21 cin >> n; 22 last_num = num; 23 num += n; 24 if (num > capacity) { break; } 25 a.push_back(info(nickname, contact, city, n)); 26 if (num == capacity) { break; } 27 cout << endl; 28 } 29 if (num > capacity) 30 { 31 cout << "对不起,当前只剩 " << capacity - last_num << " 个位置。" << endl; 32 cout << "1、输入u,更新(update)预定信息。\n" 33 << "2、输入q,退出预定。" << endl; 34 num = last_num; 35 char choice; cin >> choice; 36 if (choice == 'u') { goto label; } 37 } 38 cout << endl; 39 cout << "截至目前共有 " << num << " 位听众预约。预约听众信息如下:" << endl; 40 for (auto& i : a) 41 { 42 i.display(); 43 } 44 45 }
1、人数满时结束
2、人数超出时提供选择项
1、选 u
2、选 q
3、人数不满时结束
实验任务7:
date.h
1 //date.h 2 #ifndef __DATE_H__ 3 #define __DATE_H__ 4 class Date { 5 //日期类 6 private: 7 int year; 8 //年 9 int month; 10 //月 11 int day; 12 //日 13 int totalDays; 14 //该日期是从公元元年1月1日开始的第几天 15 public: 16 Date(int year, int month, int day); 17 //用年、月、日构造日期 18 int getYear() const { return year; } 19 int getMonth() const { return month; } 20 int getDay() const { return day; } 21 int getMaxDay() const; 22 //获得当月有多少天 23 bool isLeapYear() const { 24 //判断当年是否为闰年 25 return year % 4 == 0 && year % 100!= 0 || year % 400 == 0; 26 } 27 void show() const; 28 //输出当前日期 29 int distance(const Date& date) const { 30 return totalDays - date.totalDays; 31 } 32 }; 33 #endif //__DATE_H__
date.cpp
1 //date.cpp 2 #include "date.h" 3 #include <iostream> 4 #include <cstdlib> 5 using namespace std; 6 namespace { 7 //namespace使下面的定义只在当前文件中有效 8 const int DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[] = {0, 31, 59, 90, 120, 151, 181, 212, 243, 273, 304, 334, 356}; 9 } 10 Date::Date(int year, int month, int day) :year(year),month(month),day(day){ 11 if (day <= 0 || day > getMaxDay()) { 12 cout << "Invalid date: "; 13 show(); 14 cout << endl; 15 exit(1); 16 } 17 int years = year - 1; 18 totalDays = years * 365 + years / 4 - years / 100 + years / 400 + DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month - 1] + day; 19 if (isLeapYear() && month > 2) totalDays++; 20 } 21 int Date::getMaxDay() const { 22 if (isLeapYear() && month == 2) return 29; 23 else return DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month] - DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month - 1]; 24 } 25 void Date::show() const { 26 cout << getYear() << "-" << getMonth() << "-" << getDay(); 27 }
accumulator.h
1 //accumulator.h 2 #ifndef _ACCUMULATOR_H_ 3 #define _ACCUMULATOR_H_ 4 #include "date.h" 5 6 class Accumulator { 7 //将某个数值按日累加 8 private: 9 Date lastDate; //上次变更数值的时期 10 double value; //数值的当前值 11 double sum; //数值按日累加之和 12 public: 13 //构造函数,date为开始累加的日期,value为初始值 14 Accumulator(const Date &date, double value) 15 : lastDate(date), value(value), sum(0) {} 16 //获得日期date的累加结果 17 double getSum(const Date &date) const { 18 return sum + value * date.distance(lastDate); 19 } 20 //在date将数值变更为value 21 void change(const Date &date, double value) { 22 sum = getSum(date); 23 lastDate = date; 24 this->value = value; 25 } 26 //初始化,将日期变为date,数值变为value,累加器清零 27 void reset(const Date &date, double value) { 28 lastDate = date; 29 this->value = value; 30 sum = 0; 31 } 32 }; 33 #endif //_ACCUMULATOR_H_
account.h
1 //account.h 2 #ifndef _ACCOUNT_H_ 3 #define _ACCOUNT_H_ 4 #include "date.h" 5 #include "accumulator.h" 6 #include <string> 7 8 class Account { 9 //账户类 10 private: 11 std::string id; //账号 12 double balance; //余额 13 static double total; //所有账户的总金额 14 protected: 15 //供派生类调用的构造函数,id为账户 16 Account(const Date &date, const std::string &id); 17 //记录一笔账,date为日期,amount为金额,desc为说明 18 void record(const Date &date, double amount, const std::string &desc); 19 //报告错误信息 20 void error(const std::string &msg) const; 21 public: 22 const std::string &getId() const { return id; } 23 double getBalance() const { return balance; } 24 static double getTotal() { return total; } 25 //显示账户信息 26 void show() const; 27 }; 28 29 class SavingsAccount : public Account { //储蓄账户类 30 private: 31 Accumulator acc; //辅助计算利息的累加器 32 double rate; //存款的年利率 33 public: 34 //构造函数 35 SavingsAccount(const Date &date, const std::string &id, double rate); 36 double getRate() const { return rate; } 37 //存入现金 38 void deposit(const Date &date, double amount, const std::string &desc); 39 //取出现金 40 void withdraw(const Date &date, double amount, const std::string &desc); 41 //结算利息,每年1月1日调用一次该函数 42 void settle(const Date &date); 43 }; 44 45 class CreditAccount : public Account { //信用账户类 46 private: 47 Accumulator acc; //辅助计算利息的累加器 48 double credit; //信用额度 49 double rate; //欠款的日利率 50 double fee; //信用卡年费 51 double getDebt() const { 52 double balance = getBalance(); 53 return (balance < 0? balance : 0); 54 } 55 public: 56 //构造函数 57 CreditAccount(const Date &date, const std::string &id, double credit, double rate, double fee); 58 double getCredit() const { return credit; } 59 double getRate() const { return rate; } 60 double getFee() const { return fee; } 61 double getAvailableCredit() const { 62 if (getBalance() < 0) 63 return credit + getBalance(); 64 else 65 return credit; 66 } 67 //存入现金 68 void deposit(const Date &date, double amount, const std::string &desc); 69 //取出现金 70 void withdraw(const Date &date, double amount, const std::string &desc); 71 void settle(const Date &date); 72 //显示账户信息 73 void show() const; 74 }; 75 #endif //_ACCOUNT_H_
account.cpp
1 //account.cpp 2 #include "account.h" 3 #include <cmath> 4 #include <iostream> 5 using namespace std; 6 7 double Account::total = 0; 8 9 //Account类的实现 10 Account::Account(const Date &date, const string &id) 11 : id(id), balance(0) { 12 date.show(); 13 cout << "\t#" << id << " created" << endl; 14 } 15 16 void Account::record(const Date &date, double amount, const string &desc) { 17 amount = floor(amount * 100 + 0.5) / 100; //保留小数点后两位 18 balance += amount; 19 total += amount; 20 date.show(); 21 cout << "\t#" << id << "\t" << amount << "\t" << balance << "\t" << desc << endl; 22 } 23 24 void Account::show() const { 25 cout << id << "\tBalance: " << balance; 26 } 27 28 void Account::error(const string &msg) const { 29 cout << "Error(#" << id << "): " << msg << endl; 30 } 31 32 //SavingsAccount类相关成员函数的实现 33 SavingsAccount::SavingsAccount(const Date &date, const string &id, double rate) 34 : Account(date, id), rate(rate), acc(date, 0) {} 35 36 void SavingsAccount::deposit(const Date &date, double amount, const string &desc) { 37 record(date, amount, desc); 38 acc.change(date, getBalance()); 39 } 40 void SavingsAccount::withdraw(const Date &date, double amount, const string &desc) { 41 if (amount > getBalance()) { 42 error("not enough money"); 43 } else { 44 record(date, -amount, desc); 45 acc.change(date, getBalance()); 46 } 47 } 48 49 void SavingsAccount::settle(const Date &date) { 50 double interest = acc.getSum(date) * rate / date.distance(Date(date.getYear()-1, 1, 1)); 51 if (interest!= 0) 52 record(date, interest, "interest"); 53 acc.reset(date, getBalance()); 54 } 55 56 //CreditAccount类相关成员函数的实现 57 CreditAccount::CreditAccount(const Date &date, const string &id, double credit, double rate, double fee) 58 : Account(date, id), credit(credit), rate(rate), fee(fee), acc(date, 0) {} 59 60 void CreditAccount::deposit(const Date &date, double amount, const string &desc) { 61 record(date, amount, desc); 62 acc.change(date, getDebt()); 63 } 64 65 void CreditAccount::withdraw(const Date &date, double amount, const string &desc) { 66 if (amount - getBalance() > credit) { 67 error("not enough credit"); 68 } else { 69 record(date, -amount, desc); 70 acc.change(date, getDebt()); 71 } 72 } 73 74 void CreditAccount::settle(const Date &date) { 75 double interest = acc.getSum(date) * rate; 76 if (interest!= 0) 77 record(date, interest, "interest"); 78 if (date.getMonth() == 1) 79 record(date, -fee, "annual fee"); 80 acc.reset(date, getDebt()); 81 } 82 83 void CreditAccount::show() const { 84 Account::show(); 85 cout << "\tAvailable credit: " << getAvailableCredit(); 86 }
7_10.cpp
1 //7_10.cpp 2 #include <iostream> 3 #include "account.h" 4 using namespace std; 5 6 int main() { 7 Date date(2008, 11, 1); //起始日期 8 9 //建立几个账户 10 SavingsAccount sa1(date, "S3755217", 0.015); 11 SavingsAccount sa2(date, "02342342", 0.015); 12 CreditAccount ca(date, "C5392394", 10000, 0.0005, 50); 13 14 //11月份的几笔账目 15 sa1.deposit(Date(2008, 11, 5), 5000, "salary"); 16 ca.withdraw(Date(2008, 11, 15), 2000, "buy a cell"); 17 sa2.deposit(Date(2008, 11, 25), 10000, "sell stock 0323"); 18 19 //结算信用卡 20 ca.settle(Date(2008, 12, 1)); 21 22 //12月份的几笔账目 23 ca.deposit(Date(2008, 12, 1), 2016, "repay the credit"); 24 sa1.deposit(Date(2008, 12, 5), 5500, "salary"); 25 26 //结算所有账户 27 sa1.settle(Date(2009, 1, 1)); 28 sa2.settle(Date(2009, 1, 1)); 29 ca.settle(Date(2009, 1, 1)); 30 31 //输出各个账户信息 32 cout << endl; 33 sa1.show(); cout << endl; 34 sa2.show(); cout << endl; 35 ca.show(); cout << endl; 36 cout << "Total: " << Account::getTotal() << endl; 37 38 return 0; 39 }
改进:1、第二版相较于第一版封装性更好,以 Account 类作为基类,SavingsAccount和CreditAccount类继承自Account类,这种结构使得代码更具 可维护性和可扩展性。
2、第二版增加了更多的功能,如信用账户的利息计算、信用额度管理、年费计算等。例如,CreditAccount类中新增了double credit(信用额 度)、double rate(欠款的日利率)、double fee(信用卡年费)等成员变量,以及相应的计算函数。
3、 第二版在SavingsAccount和CreditAccount类中都增加了更完善的错误处理机制。例如,SavingsAccount::withdraw函数中会检查取款金 额是否超过账户余额,CreditAccount::withdraw函数中会检查取款金额是否超过信用额度。
问题:1、 第二版虽然采用了面向对象的设计,但类之间的耦合度可能较高。例如,SavingsAccount和CreditAccount类都依赖于Account类和 Accumulator类,对这些基类的修改可能会影响到派生类的功能。
2、第二版由于功能增多和逻辑复杂,测试的难度和工作量也相应增加。需要编写更多的测试用例来确保各个功能的正确性,特别是信用账户的各 种操作和计算。