linux安装oracle12c

配置机器名和IP映射

1、查看机器名，hostname

[root@localhost ~]# hostname

查看IP，ifconfig -a

 如果需要修改机器名，则修改hosts文件，将hosts文件中所有原来机器名换为想要的名称，并增加ip映射

[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/hosts

 修改network文件

[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network

把里面的hostname换为要改的名称

重启机器

[root@localhost ~]# reboot

Oracle安装先决条件

参见https://oracle-base.com/articles/12c/oracle-db-12cr2-installation-on-oracle-linux-6-and-7

一、操作系统软硬件要求

1、内存要求

最小值为1G，我自己虚拟机设置的是2G；

在命令行查询：查询命令：grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo 

2、系统内核版本 

针对非oracle linux系统查看版本，并确保在oracle12c支持的范围内。

1) 查询系统位数命令：# uname -m； 
2) 查询系统版本命令：# cat /proc/version； 

3) 查询系统内核版本：# uname -r。

 3、磁盘空间要求

我虚拟机练习用的不到30G

使用df -h查询

 4. /tmp空间至少1GB 

查询命令：# df -h /tmp，/tmp目录是根文件系统的一部分，查询结果显示根目录还剩余20G

 二、系统要求

1、配置内核参数

[root@oralinux ~]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf

添加：

fs.file-max = 6815744 kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 kernel.shmmni = 4096 kernel.shmall = 1073741824 kernel.shmmax = 4398046511104 kernel.panic_on_oops = 1 net.core.rmem_default = 262144 net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 net.core.wmem_default = 262144 net.core.wmem_max = 1048576 net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 2 net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 2 fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500

更改当前内核参数

[root@oralinux ~]# sysctl -p

配置ulimit参数，限制oracle用户资源使用

 [root@oralinux ~]# vi /etc/security/limits.conf

添加：

oracle soft nofile 1024

oracle hard nofile 65536

oracle soft nproc 16384

oracle hard nproc 16384

oracle soft stack 10240

oracle hard stack 32768

oracle hard memlock 134217728

oracle soft memlock 134217728

安装依赖软件包 

yum install binutils -y
yum install compat-libcap1 -y
yum install compat-libstdc++-33 -y
yum install compat-libstdc++-33.i686 -y
yum install glibc -y
yum install glibc.i686 -y
yum install glibc-devel -y
yum install glibc-devel.i686 -y
yum install ksh -y
yum install libaio -y
yum install libaio.i686 -y
yum install libaio-devel -y
yum install libaio-devel.i686 -y
yum install libX11 -y
yum install libX11.i686 -y
yum install libXau -y
yum install libXau.i686 -y
yum install libXi -y
yum install libXi.i686 -y
yum install libXtst -y
yum install libXtst.i686 -y
yum install libgcc -y
yum install libgcc.i686 -y
yum install libstdc++ -y
yum install libstdc++.i686 -y
yum install libstdc++-devel -y
yum install libstdc++-devel.i686 -y
yum install libxcb -y
yum install libxcb.i686 -y
yum install make -y
yum install nfs-utils -y
yum install net-tools -y
yum install smartmontools -y
yum install sysstat -y
yum install unixODBC -y
yum install unixODBC-devel -y

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

检查rpm是否安装成功

命令：rpm -q package_name

rpm -q binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-devel ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel libXi libXtst make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel

 

创建用户组和用户oracle

[root@oralinux /]# groupadd -g 54321 oinstall
[root@oralinux /]# groupadd -g 54322 dba
[root@oralinux /]# groupadd -g 54323 oper
[root@oralinux /]# useradd -u 54321 -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle

[root@oralinux /]# passwd oracle

[root@oralinux /]# id oracle

 

 

 

 

 

设置selinux

[root@oralinux /]# vi /etc/selinux/config

设置SELINUX=permissive

重启让更改生效

[root@oralinux /]# setenforce Permissive

创建安装目录并授权

[root@oralinux /]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1
[root@oralinux /]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01
[root@oralinux /]# chmod -R 775 /u01

 

 

 

禁用防火墙

[root@oralinux ~]# service iptables stop
iptables: Setting chains to policy ACCEPT: filter [ OK ]
iptables: Flushing firewall rules: [ OK ]
iptables: Unloading modules: [ OK ]

 

 

 

 

切换oracle用户

配置环境变量

[oracle@oralinux ~]$ vi .bash_profile

添加以下内容

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle

export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1

export ORACLE_SID=orcl

export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH:$HOME/bin

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib

 

 

 

 

 

使配置立即生效

[oracle@oralinux ~]$ source .bash_profile

三、开始安装

下载拷贝oracle文件

https://www.oracle.com/database/technologies/oracle-database-software-downloads.html

将下载的文件上传到虚拟机并解压

解压对应的文件

[oracle@oralinux soft]$ unzip linuxx64_12201_database.zip

cd到解压的database目录

[oracle@oralinux soft]$ cd database/

[oracle@oralinux database]$ ls
install response rpm runInstaller sshsetup stage welcome.html
[oracle@oralinux database]$ ./runInstaller

出现图形化安装界面

 因未选接收安全更新，next会弹出警告，点击yes

1、创建并配置新数据库

2、只安装数据库软件，可以仅安装软件，后续./dbca配置数据库

3、升级已有数据库

 

 选server class

 

选单实例安装

 

 选典型安装

输入自定义密码，其他默认

 

 

 

 用根用户执行

[root@oralinux ~]# /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
Changing permissions of /u01/app/oraInventory.
Adding read,write permissions for group.
Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.

Changing groupname of /u01/app/oraInventory to oinstall.
The execution of the script is complete.

 

 

 

 

 

[root@oralinux ~]# /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh
Performing root user operation.

The following environment variables are set as:
ORACLE_OWNER= oracle
ORACLE_HOME= /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1

Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]:
The contents of "dbhome" have not changed. No need to overwrite.
The contents of "oraenv" have not changed. No need to overwrite.
The contents of "coraenv" have not changed. No need to overwrite.

Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by
Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created
Finished running generic part of root script.
Now product-specific root actions will be performed.
Do you want to setup Oracle Trace File Analyzer (TFA) now ? yes|[no] :
yes
Installing Oracle Trace File Analyzer (TFA).
Log File: /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/install/root_oralinux_2021-03-10_20-12-54-396605094.log
Finished installing Oracle Trace File Analyzer (TFA)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 安装完成。