selenium元素定位

　selenium提供了以下方法来定位元素

find_element_by_id
find_element_by_name
find_element_by_xpath
find_element_by_link_text
find_element_by_partial_link_text
find_element_by_tag_name
find_element_by_class_name
find_element_by_css_selector

　　如果定位多个元素的话，可以使用以下方法（这些方法返回的结果是一个列表）

find_elements_by_name
find_elements_by_xpath
find_elements_by_link_text
find_elements_by_partial_link_text
find_elements_by_tag_name
find_elements_by_class_name
fins_elements_by_css_selector

 　除了以上提供的公有方法以外，在页面对象中进行元素定位还可以使用两种私有方法：find_element和find_elements

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.find_element(By.ID,'username')
driver.find_elements(By.CLASS_NAME,'content')

　　类By可以使用的属性包括

ID = 'id'
XPATH = 'xpath'
LINK_TEXT = 'link text'
PARTIAL_LINK_TEXT = 'partial link text'
NAME = 'name'
TAG_NAME = 'tag name'
CLASS_NAME = 'class name'
CSS_SELECTOR = 'css selector'

id元素定位

　　HTML

<html>
 <body>
  <form id="loginForm">
   <input name="username" type="text" />
   <input name="password" type="password" />
   <input name="continue" type="submit" value="Login" />
  </form>
 </body>
<html>
login_form = driver.find_element_by_id('loginForm')

name元素定位

　　HTML

<html>
 <body>
  <form id="loginForm">
   <input name="username" type="text" />
   <input name="password" type="password" />
   <input name="continue" type="submit" value="Login" />
   <input name="continue" type="button" value="Clear" />
  </form>
</body>
<html>
username = driver.find_element_by_name('username')
password = driver.find_element_by_name('password')

xpath元素定位

<html>
 <body>
  <form id="loginForm">
   <input name="username" type="text" />
   <input name="password" type="password" />
   <input name="continue" type="submit" value="Login" />
   <input name="continue" type="button" value="Clear" />
  </form>
</body>
<html>

　　定位form

login_form = driver.find_element_by_xpath("/html/body/form[1]")
login_form = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//form[1]")
login_form = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//form[@id='loginForm']")

　　定位username

username = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//form[input/@name='username']")
username = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//form[@id='loginForm']/input[1]")
username = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//input[@name='username']")

　　定位clear_button

clear_button = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//input[@name='continue'][@type='button']")
clear_button = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//form[@id='loginForm']/input[4]")

link text元素定位

<html>
 <body>
  <p>Are you sure you want to do this?</p>
  <a href="continue.html">Continue</a>
  <a href="cancel.html">Cancel</a>
</body>
<html>
continue_link = driver.find_element_by_link_text('Continue')
continue_link = driver.find_element_by_partial_link_text('Conti')

tag name元素定位

<html>
 <body>
  <h1>Welcome</h1>
  <p>Site content goes here.</p>
</body>
<html>
heading1 = driver.find_element_by_tag_name('h1')

class name元素定位

<html>
 <body>
  <p class="content">Site content goes here.</p>
</body>
<html>
content = driver.find_element_by_class_name('content')

css元素定位

<html>
 <body>
  <p class="content">Site content goes here.</p>
</body>
<html>
content = driver.find_element_by_css_selector('p.content')

其他

定位iframe

　　HTML

<html>
<body>
<iframe id="frame1" name="frame11" scrolling="yes">
    <iframe id="frame2" name="frame22" scrolling="no">
        <input type="text">
    </iframe>
</iframe>
</body>
</html>
from selenium import webdriver

driver = webdriver.Chrome()

driver.switch_to.frame('frame1') #可以传入id/name/index/selenium的webElement对象
driver.switch_to.frame('frame2') #先定位frame1,然后定位frame2，层层切进去

driver.switch_to.parent_frame() #从子frame切回到父frame

driver.switch_to.default_content()  #切回到主文档

定位下拉框

from selenium.webdriver.support.select import Select
from selenium import webdriver

#定位select下拉框
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
sel = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//select[@id='nr']") #定位下拉框
Select(sel).select_by_value('20')   #定位选项中的value值

#定位下拉框的通用方式
drop_down = driver.find_element_by_id('drop_down')
drop_down.find_element_by_id('value')

定位警告框

　　如果警告框不能通过前端工具进行定位，这个时候可以尝试使用switch_to.alert()方法

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains

driver = webdriver.Chrome()

#悬停操作
link = driver.find_element_by_link_text('link')
ActionChains(driver).move_to_element(link).perform()

driver.find_element_by_name('link name').click()

driver.switch_to.alert().accept() #接受警告框
driver.switch_to.alert().text()  #返回警告框中的文字信息
driver.switch_to.alert().dismiss() #忽略警告框
driver.switch_to.alert().send_keys(keysToSend) #将文本发送至警告框

 

posted @ 2018-07-11 15:48  日新其德止于至善  阅读(185)  评论(0)  编辑  收藏  举报