Spring Security3 - MVC 整合教程 (初识Spring Security3)（转）
原文地址：http://liukai.iteye.com/blog/982088
下面我们将实现关于Spring Security3的一系列教程.
最终的目标是整合Spring Security + Spring3MVC
完成类似于SpringSide3中mini-web的功能.
Spring Security是什么?
关于Spring Security学习的资料.
最重要,最齐全的中文资料当然是family168的中文文档
Spring Security2参考文档
Spring Security3 参考文档
附件包含了一个很好的初入门的PDF教程.
最好是花30分钟先照着PDF上的教程一步一步的操作.
虽然没有实际的应用价值,但对初学者认识SpringSecurity3很有帮助.
我们的项目目录结构最终是:
需要添加的jar包:
我们先实现一个controller:
MainController.java
最终的目标是整合Spring Security + Spring3MVC
完成类似于SpringSide3中mini-web的功能.
Spring Security是什么?
引用
Spring Security，这是一种基于Spring AOP和Servlet过滤器的安全框架。它提供全面的安全性解决方案，同时在Web请求级和方法调用级处理身份确认和授权。在Spring Framework基础上，Spring Security充分利用了依赖注入（DI，Dependency Injection）和面向切面技术。
关于Spring Security学习的资料.
最重要,最齐全的中文资料当然是family168的中文文档
Spring Security2参考文档
Spring Security3 参考文档
附件包含了一个很好的初入门的PDF教程.
最好是花30分钟先照着PDF上的教程一步一步的操作.
虽然没有实际的应用价值,但对初学者认识SpringSecurity3很有帮助.
我们的项目目录结构最终是:
需要添加的jar包:
我们先实现一个controller:
MainController.java
package org.liukai.tutorial.controller; import org.apache.log4j.Logger; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod; @Controller @RequestMapping("/main") public class MainController { protected static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger("controller"); /** * 跳转到commonpage页面 * * @return */ @RequestMapping(value = "/common", method = RequestMethod.GET) public String getCommonPage() { logger.debug("Received request to show common page"); return "commonpage"; } /** * 跳转到adminpage页面 * * @return */ @RequestMapping(value = "/admin", method = RequestMethod.GET) public String getAadminPage() { logger.debug("Received request to show admin page"); return "adminpage"; } }
该controller有两个mapping映射:
引用
main/common
main/admin
main/admin
现在我们将同过Spring Security3框架实现成功登陆的人都能访问到main/common.
但只有拥有admin权限的用户才能访问main/admin.
我们先在web.xml中开启Spring3MVC和SpringSecurity3.
web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app id="WebApp_ID" version="2.4" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd"> <!-- SpringSecurity必须的filter --> <filter> <filter-name>springSecurityFilterChain</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy</filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>springSecurityFilterChain</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value> /WEB-INF/spring-security.xml /WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml </param-value> </context-param> <servlet> <servlet-name>spring</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>spring</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> </web-app>
要启用SpringSecurity3,我们需要完成以下两步:
1.在web.xml中声明DelegatingFilterProxy.
<filter-mapping> <filter-name>springSecurityFilterChain</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping>
表示项目中所有路径的资源都要经过SpringSecurity.
2.导入指定的SpringSecurity配置 :spring-security.xml
关于spring-security.xml的配置.
我们把这个放到后面配置.以便更详细的讲解.
注意一点.最好是将DelegatingFilterProxy写在DispatcherServlet之前.否则
SpringSecurity可能不会正常工作.
在web.xml中我们定义servlet:spring.
按照惯例,我们必须声明一个spring-servle.xml
spring-servle.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd"> <!-- 定义一个视图解析器 --> <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" p:prefix="/WEB-INF/jsp/" p:suffix=".jsp" /> </beans>
这个XML配置声明一个视图解析器.在控制器中会根据JSP名映射到/ WEB-INF/jsp中相应的位置.
然后创建一个applicationContext.xml.
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd"> <!-- 激活spring的注解. --> <context:annotation-config /> <!-- 扫描注解组件并且自动的注入spring beans中. 例如,他会扫描@Controller 和@Service下的文件.所以确保此base-package设置正确. --> <context:component-scan base-package="org.liukai.tutorial" /> <!-- 配置注解驱动的Spring MVC Controller 的编程模型.注:次标签只在 Servlet MVC工作! --> <mvc:annotation-driven /> </beans>
接着是创建JSP页面
commonpage.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Common Page</h1>
<p>每个人都能访问的页面.</p>
<a href="/spring3-security-integration/main/admin"> Go AdminPage </a>
<br />
<a href="/spring3-security-integration/auth/login">退出登录</a>
</body>
</html>
adminpage.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Admin Page</h1>
<p>管理员页面</p>
<a href="/spring3-security-integration/auth/login">退出登录</a>
</body>
</html>
当然还有登陆页面和拒绝访问页面
loginpage.jsp
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c"%> <%@ taglib uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags/form" prefix="form"%> <%@ taglib uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags" prefix="spring"%> <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>Insert title here</title> </head> <body> <h1>Login</h1> <div id="login-error">${error}</div> <form action="../j_spring_security_check" method="post"> <p> <label for="j_username">Username</label> <input id="j_username" name="j_username" type="text" /> </p> <p> <label for="j_password">Password</label> <input id="j_password" name="j_password" type="password" /> </p> <input type="submit" value="Login" /> </form> </body> </html>
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>Insert title here</title> </head> <body> <h1>你的权限不够!</h1> <p>只有拥有Admin权限才能访问!</p> <a href="/spring3-security-integration/auth/login">退出登录</a> </body> </html>
还有一个controller用于映射上面两个JSP页面..
LoginLogoutController.java
package org.liukai.tutorial.controller; import org.apache.log4j.Logger; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.ui.ModelMap; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam; @Controller @RequestMapping("auth") public class LoginLogoutController { protected static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger("controller"); /** * 指向登录页面 */ @RequestMapping(value = "/login", method = RequestMethod.GET) public String getLoginPage( @RequestParam(value = "error", required = false) boolean error, ModelMap model) { logger.debug("Received request to show login page"); if (error == true) { // Assign an error message model.put("error", "You have entered an invalid username or password!"); } else { model.put("error", ""); } return "loginpage"; } /** * 指定无访问额权限页面 * * @return */ @RequestMapping(value = "/denied", method = RequestMethod.GET) public String getDeniedPage() { logger.debug("Received request to show denied page"); return "deniedpage"; } }
引用
auth/login --显示Login页面
auth/denied --显示拒绝访问页面
auth/denied --显示拒绝访问页面
最后,让我们看看spring-security.xml的配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:security="http://www.springframework.org/schema/security" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/security http://www.springframework.org/schema/security/spring-security-3.0.xsd"> <!-- Spring-Security 的配置 --> <!-- 注意开启use-expressions.表示开启表达式. see:http://www.family168.com/tutorial/springsecurity3/html/el-access.html --> <security:http auto-config="true" use-expressions="true" access-denied-page="/auth/denied" > <security:intercept-url pattern="/auth/login" access="permitAll"/> <security:intercept-url pattern="/main/admin" access="hasRole('ROLE_ADMIN')"/> <security:intercept-url pattern="/main/common" access="hasRole('ROLE_USER')"/> <security:form-login login-page="/auth/login" authentication-failure-url="/auth/login?error=true" default-target-url="/main/common"/> <security:logout invalidate-session="true" logout-success-url="/auth/login" logout-url="/auth/logout"/> </security:http> <!-- 指定一个自定义的authentication-manager :customUserDetailsService --> <security:authentication-manager> <security:authentication-provider user-service-ref="customUserDetailsService"> <security:password-encoder ref="passwordEncoder"/> </security:authentication-provider> </security:authentication-manager> <!-- 对密码进行MD5编码 --> <bean class="org.springframework.security.authentication.encoding.Md5PasswordEncoder" id="passwordEncoder"/> <!-- 通过 customUserDetailsService,Spring会自动的用户的访问级别. 也可以理解成:以后我们和数据库操作就是通过customUserDetailsService来进行关联. --> <bean id="customUserDetailsService" class="org.liukai.tutorial.service.CustomUserDetailsService"/> </beans>
在配置中我们可以看到三个URL对应的三个权限
<security:intercept-url pattern="/auth/login" access="permitAll"/> <security:intercept-url pattern="/main/admin" access="hasRole('ROLE_ADMIN')"/> <security:intercept-url pattern="/main/common" access="hasRole('ROLE_USER')"/>
以下是表达式对应的用法.
引用
表达式 说明
hasRole([role]) 返回 true 如果当前主体拥有特定角色。
hasAnyRole([role1,role2]) 返回 true 如果当前主体拥有任何一个提供的角色 （使用逗号分隔的字符串队列）
principal 允许直接访问主体对象，表示当前用户
authentication 允许直接访问当前 Authentication对象 从SecurityContext中获得
permitAll 一直返回true
denyAll 一直返回false
isAnonymous() 如果用户是一个匿名登录的用户 就会返回 true
isRememberMe() 如果用户是通过remember-me 登录的用户 就会返回 true
isAuthenticated() 如果用户不是匿名用户就会返回true
isFullyAuthenticated() 如果用户不是通过匿名也不是通过remember-me登录的用户时， 就会返回true。
所以
<security:intercept-url pattern="/auth/login" access="permitAll"/>
<security:form-login login-page="/auth/login" authentication-failure-url="/auth/login?error=true" default-target-url="/main/common"/>
如果验证失败则返回一个URL:/auth/login?error=true
如果登录成功则默认指向:/main/common
<security:logout
invalidate-session="true"
logout-success-url="/auth/login"
logout-url="/auth/logout"/>
注销URL为:/auth/logout
注销成功后转向:/auth/login
<!-- 指定一个自定义的authentication-manager :customUserDetailsService --> <security:authentication-manager> <security:authentication-provider user-service-ref="customUserDetailsService"> <security:password-encoder ref="passwordEncoder"/> </security:authentication-provider> </security:authentication-manager> <!-- 对密码进行MD5编码 --> <bean class="org.springframework.security.authentication.encoding.Md5PasswordEncoder" id="passwordEncoder"/> <!-- 通过 customUserDetailsService,Spring会自动的用户的访问级别. 也可以理解成:以后我们和数据库操作就是通过customUserDetailsService来进行关联. --> <bean id="customUserDetailsService" class="org.liukai.tutorial.service.CustomUserDetailsService"/>
一个自定义的CustomUserDetailsService,是实现SpringSecurity的UserDetailsService接口,但我们重写了他即便于我们进行数据库操作.
DbUser.java
通过一个初始化的List来模拟数据库操作.
UserDao.java
package org.liukai.tutorial.dao; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import org.apache.log4j.Logger; import org.liukai.tutorial.domain.DbUser; public class UserDao { protected static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger("dao"); public DbUser getDatabase(String username) { List<DbUser> users = internalDatabase(); for (DbUser dbUser : users) { if (dbUser.getUsername().equals(username) == true) { logger.debug("User found"); return dbUser; } } logger.error("User does not exist!"); throw new RuntimeException("User does not exist!"); } /** * 初始化数据 */ private List<DbUser> internalDatabase() { List<DbUser> users = new ArrayList<DbUser>(); DbUser user = null; user = new DbUser(); user.setUsername("admin"); // "admin"经过MD5加密后 user.setPassword("21232f297a57a5a743894a0e4a801fc3"); user.setAccess(1); users.add(user); user = new DbUser(); user.setUsername("user"); // "user"经过MD5加密后 user.setPassword("ee11cbb19052e40b07aac0ca060c23ee"); user.setAccess(2); users.add(user); return users; } }
来达到灵活的自定义UserDetailsService
关于UserDetailsService更多信息. 可以查看SpringSecurity3文档
CustomUserDetailsService.java
package org.liukai.tutorial.service; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Collection; import java.util.List; import org.apache.log4j.Logger; import org.liukai.tutorial.dao.UserDao; import org.liukai.tutorial.domain.DbUser; import org.springframework.dao.DataAccessException; import org.springframework.security.core.GrantedAuthority; import org.springframework.security.core.authority.GrantedAuthorityImpl; import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.User; import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails; import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService; import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UsernameNotFoundException; /** * 一个自定义的service用来和数据库进行操作. 即以后我们要通过数据库保存权限.则需要我们继承UserDetailsService * * @author liukai * */ public class CustomUserDetailsService implements UserDetailsService { protected static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger("service"); private UserDao userDAO = new UserDao(); public UserDetails loadUserByUsername(String username) throws UsernameNotFoundException, DataAccessException { UserDetails user = null; try { // 搜索数据库以匹配用户登录名. // 我们可以通过dao使用JDBC来访问数据库 DbUser dbUser = userDAO.getDatabase(username); // Populate the Spring User object with details from the dbUser // Here we just pass the username, password, and access level // getAuthorities() will translate the access level to the correct // role type user = new User(dbUser.getUsername(), dbUser.getPassword() .toLowerCase(), true, true, true, true, getAuthorities(dbUser.getAccess())); } catch (Exception e) { logger.error("Error in retrieving user"); throw new UsernameNotFoundException("Error in retrieving user"); } return user; } /** * 获得访问角色权限 * * @param access * @return */ public Collection<GrantedAuthority> getAuthorities(Integer access) { List<GrantedAuthority> authList = new ArrayList<GrantedAuthority>(2); // 所有的用户默认拥有ROLE_USER权限 logger.debug("Grant ROLE_USER to this user"); authList.add(new GrantedAuthorityImpl("ROLE_USER")); // 如果参数access为1.则拥有ROLE_ADMIN权限 if (access.compareTo(1) == 0) { logger.debug("Grant ROLE_ADMIN to this user"); authList.add(new GrantedAuthorityImpl("ROLE_ADMIN")); } return authList; } }
http://localhost:8080/spring3-security-integration/auth/login
总结
通过本教程.我们对SpringSecurity3有了进一步的认识.
主要是了解了UserDetailsService的重要作用.
以及实现了模拟自定义数据的登录.(这点很重要,很多人学习了SpringSecurity却不知道
如何自定义权限)
这次教程因为内容很多,显得比较粗糙.很多地方并没有详细的阐明.
后面的教程还是SpringSecurity.
但我们将对SpringSecurity3新推出的一些特性进行详细的说明和理解.
BTW:附件为本次教程源码.你可以下载后直接在tomcat或其他web服务器启动.也可以自行添加
maven插件启动.
在追随技术的道路上，十年如一日~
