[转载]Unity3D 游戏引擎之使用C#语言建立本地数据库(SQLITE)

以前在开发中一直使用IOS源生的数据库,通过传递消息的形式在与Unity3D中进行交互。本文我在详细说说如何使用C#语言来在MAC 操作系统下创建Unity本地数据库,我是C#控哇咔咔~~~

     首先你需要得到Mono.Data.Sqlite.dll 文件 与System.Data.dll文件。如果你在Mac 操作系统下使用Unity那么很悲剧,找不到这两个文件,至少我没能找到。后来我在Windows下的Unity安装路径中找到了它。为了方便大家我将这两个文件上传至网盘中,如果没有这两个文件的朋友请下载。

下载地址:http://vdisk.weibo.com/s/abG7k

.zip文件下载完毕后直接解压,然后将Mono.Data.Sqlite.dll 文件 与System.Data.dll文件放在Unity工程中的Assets文件夹中。如下图所示,两个文件已经放置在Project视图当中。

Ok ,我们编写C#脚本,原始文章没有Unity数据库更新与删除的方法,我在这里加上更新与删除的方法,方便大家开发时使用。因为其实Unity中更新与删除数据库也是个比较重要的功能。

注意:下面脚本不要绑定在任何游戏对象身上,大家无需把它当作脚本可以当作一个工具类来使用。

using UnityEngine;   
        
using System;   
using System.Collections;   
using Mono.Data.Sqlite;   
        
public class DbAccess   
        
{   
        
    private SqliteConnection dbConnection;   
        
    private SqliteCommand dbCommand;   
        
    private SqliteDataReader reader;   
        
    public DbAccess (string connectionString)   
        
    {   
        
        OpenDB (connectionString);   
        
    }   
    public DbAccess ()   
    {   
        
    }   
        
    public void OpenDB (string connectionString)   
        
    {   
        try
         {   
            dbConnection = new SqliteConnection (connectionString);   
        
            dbConnection.Open ();   
        
            Debug.Log ("Connected to db");   
         }   
        catch(Exception e)   
        {   
            string temp1 = e.ToString();   
            Debug.Log(temp1);   
        }   
        
    }   
        
    public void CloseSqlConnection ()   
        
    {   
        
        if (dbCommand != null) {   
        
            dbCommand.Dispose ();   
        
        }   
        
        dbCommand = null;   
        
        if (reader != null) {   
        
            reader.Dispose ();   
        
        }   
        
        reader = null;   
        
        if (dbConnection != null) {   
        
            dbConnection.Close ();   
        
        }   
        
        dbConnection = null;   
        
        Debug.Log ("Disconnected from db.");   
        
    }   
        
    public SqliteDataReader ExecuteQuery (string sqlQuery)   
        
    {   
        
        dbCommand = dbConnection.CreateCommand ();   
        
        dbCommand.CommandText = sqlQuery;   
        
        reader = dbCommand.ExecuteReader ();   
        
        return reader;   
        
    }   
        
    public SqliteDataReader ReadFullTable (string tableName)   
        
    {   
        
        string query = "SELECT * FROM " + tableName;   
        
        return ExecuteQuery (query);   
        
    }   
        
    public SqliteDataReader InsertInto (string tableName, string[] values)   
        
    {   
        
        string query = "INSERT INTO " + tableName + " VALUES (" + values[0];   
        
        for (int i = 1; i < values.Length; ++i) {   
        
            query += ", " + values[i];   
        
        }   
        
        query += ")";   
        
        return ExecuteQuery (query);   
        
    }   
        
    public SqliteDataReader UpdateInto (string tableName, string []cols,string []colsvalues,string selectkey,string selectvalue)   
    {   
        
        string query = "UPDATE "+tableName+" SET "+cols[0]+" = "+colsvalues[0];   
        
        for (int i = 1; i < colsvalues.Length; ++i) {   
        
             query += ", " +cols[i]+" ="+ colsvalues[i];   
        }   
        
         query += " WHERE "+selectkey+" = "+selectvalue+" ";   
        
        return ExecuteQuery (query);   
    }   
        
    public SqliteDataReader Delete(string tableName,string []cols,string []colsvalues)   
    {   
            string query = "DELETE FROM "+tableName + " WHERE " +cols[0] +" = " + colsvalues[0];   
        
            for (int i = 1; i < colsvalues.Length; ++i) {   
        
                query += " or " +cols[i]+" = "+ colsvalues[i];   
            }   
        Debug.Log(query);   
        return ExecuteQuery (query);   
    }   
        
    public SqliteDataReader InsertIntoSpecific (string tableName, string[] cols, string[] values)   
        
    {   
        
        if (cols.Length != values.Length) {   
        
            throw new SqliteException ("columns.Length != values.Length");   
        
        }   
        
        string query = "INSERT INTO " + tableName + "(" + cols[0];   
        
        for (int i = 1; i < cols.Length; ++i) {   
        
            query += ", " + cols[i];   
        
        }   
        
        query += ") VALUES (" + values[0];   
        
        for (int i = 1; i < values.Length; ++i) {   
        
            query += ", " + values[i];   
        
        }   
        
        query += ")";   
        
        return ExecuteQuery (query);   
        
    }   
        
    public SqliteDataReader DeleteContents (string tableName)   
        
    {   
        
        string query = "DELETE FROM " + tableName;   
        
        return ExecuteQuery (query);   
        
    }   
        
    public SqliteDataReader CreateTable (string name, string[] col, string[] colType)   
        
    {   
        
        if (col.Length != colType.Length) {   
        
            throw new SqliteException ("columns.Length != colType.Length");   
        
        }   
        
        string query = "CREATE TABLE " + name + " (" + col[0] + " " + colType[0];   
        
        for (int i = 1; i < col.Length; ++i) {   
        
            query += ", " + col[i] + " " + colType[i];   
        
        }   
        
        query += ")";   
        
        return ExecuteQuery (query);   
        
    }   
        
    public SqliteDataReader SelectWhere (string tableName, string[] items, string[] col, string[] operation, string[] values)   
        
    {   
        
        if (col.Length != operation.Length ¦¦ operation.Length != values.Length) {   
        
            throw new SqliteException ("col.Length != operation.Length != values.Length");   
        
        }   
        
        string query = "SELECT " + items[0];   
        
        for (int i = 1; i < items.Length; ++i) {   
        
            query += ", " + items[i];   
        
        }   
        
        query += " FROM " + tableName + " WHERE " + col[0] + operation[0] + "'" + values[0] + "' ";   
        
        for (int i = 1; i < col.Length; ++i) {   
        
            query += " AND " + col[i] + operation[i] + "'" + values[0] + "' ";   
        
        }   
        
        return ExecuteQuery (query);   
        
    }   
        
}

首先是创建本地数据库,我们创建C#脚本Test.cs直接绑定在摄像机中。

using UnityEngine;   
using System.Collections;   
        
public class Test : MonoBehaviour   
{   
        
    void Start ()   
    {   
        
        //创建数据库名称为xuanyusong.db   
        DbAccess db = new DbAccess("data source=xuanyusong.db");   
        
        //创建数据库表,与字段   
        db.CreateTable("momo",new string[]{"name","qq","email","blog"}, new string[]{"text","text","text","text"});   
        //关闭对象   
        db.CloseSqlConnection();   
    }   
        
}

运行游戏后,数据库对象会自动生成在项目的根目录中。查看数据库的软件我使用的是Navicat Premium,如果没有请大家下载,然后继续。如下图所示,数据库文件xuanyusong.db已经生成在项目的根目录中,接着我使用Navicat Premium软件将这个数据库打开。数据库的表名为momo 打开表后字段包含name、  qq  、email、  blog。都是我们在代码中创建的。

OK,我们继续。首先是插入数据,记得将编码修改成UTF-16 不然中文会乱码。

using UnityEngine;   
using System.Collections;   
        
public class Test : MonoBehaviour   
{   
        
    void Start ()   
    {   
        
        //创建数据库名称为xuanyusong.db   
        DbAccess db = new DbAccess("data source=xuanyusong.db");   
        //请注意 插入字符串是 已经要加上'宣雨松' 不然会报错   
        db.InsertInto("momo", new string[]{ "'宣雨松'","'289187120'","'xuanyusong@gmail.com'","'www.xuanyusong.com'"   });   
        db.CloseSqlConnection();   
    }   
        
}

接着是更新数据。UpdateInto是我新写的方法,接受更新多条数据。

using UnityEngine;   
using System.Collections;   
        
public class Test : MonoBehaviour   
{   
        
    void Start ()   
    {   
        
        //创建数据库名称为xuanyusong.db   
        DbAccess db = new DbAccess("data source=xuanyusong.db");   
        
        db.UpdateInto("momo",new string[]{"name","qq"},new string[]{"'xuanyusong'","'11111111'"}, "email", "'xuanyusong@gmail.com'"  );   
   
        
        db.CloseSqlConnection();   
    }   
        
}

然后是删除数据DELETE也是我封装的方法。

using UnityEngine;   
using System.Collections;   
        
public class Test : MonoBehaviour   
{   
        
    void Start ()   
    {   
        
        //创建数据库名称为xuanyusong.db   
        DbAccess db = new DbAccess("data source=xuanyusong.db");   
        //请注意 插入字符串是 已经要加上'宣雨松' 不然会报错   
        db.CreateTable("momo",new string[]{"name","qq","email","blog"}, new string[]{"text","text","text","text"});   
        //我在数据库中连续插入三条数据   
        db.InsertInto("momo", new string[]{ "'宣雨松'","'289187120'","'xuanyusong@gmail.com'","'www.xuanyusong.com'"   });   
        db.InsertInto("momo", new string[]{ "'雨松MOMO'","'289187120'","'000@gmail.com'","'www.xuanyusong.com'"   });   
        db.InsertInto("momo", new string[]{ "'哇咔咔'","'289187120'","'111@gmail.com'","'www.xuanyusong.com'"   });   
        
        //然后在删掉两条数据   
        db.Delete("momo",new string[]{"email","email"}, new string[]{"'xuanyusong@gmail.com'","'000@gmail.com'"}  );   
        
        db.CloseSqlConnection();   
    }   
        
}

最后是查找数据。

using UnityEngine;   
using System.Collections;   
        
using Mono.Data.Sqlite;   
public class Test : MonoBehaviour   
{   
        
    void Start ()   
    {   
        
        //创建数据库名称为xuanyusong.db   
        DbAccess db = new DbAccess("data source=xuanyusong.db");   
        //请注意 插入字符串是 已经要加上'宣雨松' 不然会报错   
        db.CreateTable("momo",new string[]{"name","qq","email","blog"}, new string[]{"text","text","text","text"});   
        //我在数据库中连续插入三条数据   
        db.InsertInto("momo", new string[]{ "'宣雨松'","'289187120'","'xuanyusong@gmail.com'","'www.xuanyusong.com'"   });   
        db.InsertInto("momo", new string[]{ "'雨松MOMO'","'289187120'","'000@gmail.com'","'www.xuanyusong.com'"   });   
        db.InsertInto("momo", new string[]{ "'哇咔咔'","'289187120'","'111@gmail.com'","'www.xuanyusong.com'"   });   
        
        //然后在删掉两条数据   
        db.Delete("momo",new string[]{"email","email"}, new string[]{"'xuanyusong@gmail.com'","'000@gmail.com'"}  );   
        
        //注解1   
        SqliteDataReader sqReader = db.SelectWhere("momo",new string[]{"name","email"},new string[]{"qq"},new string[]{"="},new string[]{"289187120"});   
        
        while (sqReader.Read())   
        {   
            Debug.Log(sqReader.GetString(sqReader.GetOrdinal("name")) + sqReader.GetString(sqReader.GetOrdinal("email")));   
        }    
        
        db.CloseSqlConnection();   
    }   
        
}

注解1:这里的结构非常像安卓的数据库指针,然后while循环把每一条数据都取出来。 sqReader.Gerordinal()方法就是拿到对应列名称的数据。如下图所示,经过一些列的添加与删除的操作最后数据库的内容如下。

        如下图所示,我使用Log也将数据库name 与 email的字段打印了出来。最后我在强调一点,我们在OnStart方法中db.CreateTable创建数据库表,如果重复创建系统会抛出错误。避免这个情况请保证你的数据库表只会被创建一次。祝大家学习愉快嘎嘎嘎~~~

留言中看到有朋友说报错,那么MOMO将我的工程打包,提供下在地址

Unity 使用SQLite本地数据库的下载地址如下:http://vdisk.weibo.com/s/abGmB

如下图所示,请先在PlaySettings中修改Api Compatibility Level 改成.NET 2.0,如果不修改会报错

注意:Error building Player: Extracting referenced dlls failed.

无论你编译任何平台都请修改一下这里, 留言中有朋友在编译PC平台中 因为没有修改这里导致无法编译成功。。

IOS平台SQLite的使用:

然后需要修改Test.cs的脚本,在修改一下数据库保存的路径,我们将数据库放在沙盒当中。这样IOS中才可以读取数据库。

using UnityEngine;   
using System.Collections;   
        
using Mono.Data.Sqlite;   
public class Test : MonoBehaviour   
{   
        
    void Start ()   
    {   
        //数据库文件储存地址   
        string appDBPath = Application.persistentDataPath + "/xuanyusong.db";   
        
        DbAccess db = new DbAccess(@"Data Source=" + appDBPath);   
        
        //请注意 插入字符串是 已经要加上'宣雨松' 不然会报错   
        db.CreateTable("momo",new string[]{"name","qq","email","blog"}, new string[]{"text","text","text","text"});   
        //我在数据库中连续插入三条数据   
        db.InsertInto("momo", new string[]{ "'宣雨松'","'289187120'","'xuanyusong@gmail.com'","'www.xuanyusong.com'"   });   
        db.InsertInto("momo", new string[]{ "'雨松MOMO'","'289187120'","'000@gmail.com'","'www.xuanyusong.com'"   });   
        db.InsertInto("momo", new string[]{ "'哇咔咔'","'289187120'","'111@gmail.com'","'www.xuanyusong.com'"   });   
        
        //然后在删掉两条数据   
        db.Delete("momo",new string[]{"email","email"}, new string[]{"'xuanyusong@gmail.com'","'000@gmail.com'"}  );   
        
        //注解1   
        using (SqliteDataReader sqReader = db.SelectWhere("momo",new string[]{"name","email"},new string[]{"qq"},new string[]{"="},new string[]{"289187120"}))   
        {   
        
            while (sqReader.Read())   
            {   
                //目前中文无法显示   
                Debug.Log(sqReader.GetString(sqReader.GetOrdinal("name")));   
        
                Debug.Log(sqReader.GetString(sqReader.GetOrdinal("email")));   
        
            }    
        
            sqReader.Close();   
        }   
        
        db.CloseSqlConnection();   
    }   
        
}

下面开始打包成IOS版本,直接运行如下图所示,已经在XCODE的控制台中将字符串信息打印出来。目前我不知道如何读取中文,但是可以确定的是中文信息已经写入数据库中。不信大家可以打开沙盒看看。

Android平台SQLite的使用:

Android与IOS在使用SQLite数据库时有点区别,Android需要将第三方DLL放在Plugins当中。脚本也需要修改一下,先看看Test.cs的改动。

using UnityEngine;   
using System.Collections;   
        
using Mono.Data.Sqlite;   
public class Test : MonoBehaviour   
{   
        
    void Start ()   
    {   
        //数据库文件储存地址   
        
        string appDBPath = Application.persistentDataPath  + "/xuanyusong.db";   
        
        //注意!!!!!!!这行代码的改动   
        DbAccess db = new DbAccess("URI=file:" + appDBPath);   
        
        //请注意 插入字符串是 已经要加上'宣雨松' 不然会报错   
        db.CreateTable("momo",new string[]{"name","qq","email","blog"}, new string[]{"text","text","text","text"});   
        //我在数据库中连续插入三条数据   
        db.InsertInto("momo", new string[]{ "'宣雨松'","'289187120'","'xuanyusong@gmail.com'","'www.xuanyusong.com'"   });   
        db.InsertInto("momo", new string[]{ "'雨松MOMO'","'289187120'","'000@gmail.com'","'www.xuanyusong.com'"   });   
        db.InsertInto("momo", new string[]{ "'哇咔咔'","'289187120'","'111@gmail.com'","'www.xuanyusong.com'"   });   
        
        //然后在删掉两条数据   
        db.Delete("momo",new string[]{"email","email"}, new string[]{"'xuanyusong@gmail.com'","'000@gmail.com'"}  );   
        
        //注解1   
        using (SqliteDataReader sqReader = db.SelectWhere("momo",new string[]{"name","email"},new string[]{"qq"},new string[]{"="},new string[]{"289187120"}))   
        {   
        
            while (sqReader.Read())   
            {   
                Debug.Log("xuanyusong" + sqReader.GetString(sqReader.GetOrdinal("name")));   
        
                Debug.Log("xuanyusong" + sqReader.GetString(sqReader.GetOrdinal("email")));   
        
            }    
        
            sqReader.Close();   
        }   
        
        db.CloseSqlConnection();   
    }   
        
    void Update()   
    {   
        if (Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode.Escape) ¦¦Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode.Home) )   
        {   
        
            Application.Quit();   
        }   
    }   
        
}

如下图所示,Player Settings 请和我保持一致。

值得庆幸的是在Android下读取数据库时正常的显示了中文。如下图所示,运行打包后的程序后在Eclipse的后台已经能看到数据库显示的中文与英文,呵呵。

 

 

由于工程中需要一些DLL,所以我将工程的下载地址放出,请大家下载。

http://vdisk.weibo.com/s/abGz3

MAC平台下的使用:

请先下载原始版本 http://vdisk.weibo.com/s/abGmB

我们只需在原始版本之上进行修改即可。

修改Test.cs文件  ,请注意我在代码中标注的内容。

using UnityEngine;   
using System.Collections;   
        
using Mono.Data.Sqlite;   
public class Test : MonoBehaviour   
{   
        
    string name = null;   
    string email = null;   
    string appDBPath = null;   
    void Start ()   
    {   
        
//////////--------   
        //请注意!!!!!!!   
        //这里的修改   
        
        appDBPath = Application.dataPath + "/xuanyusong.db";   
        
        DbAccess db = new DbAccess(@"Data Source=" + appDBPath);   
        
//////////--------   
        
        //请注意 插入字符串是 已经要加上'宣雨松' 不然会报错   
        db.CreateTable("momo",new string[]{"name","qq","email","blog"}, new string[]{"text","text","text","text"});   
        //我在数据库中连续插入三条数据   
        db.InsertInto("momo", new string[]{ "'宣雨松'","'289187120'","'xuanyusong@gmail.com'","'www.xuanyusong.com'"   });   
        db.InsertInto("momo", new string[]{ "'雨松MOMO'","'289187120'","'000@gmail.com'","'www.xuanyusong.com'"   });   
        db.InsertInto("momo", new string[]{ "'哇咔咔'","'289187120'","'111@gmail.com'","'www.xuanyusong.com'"   });   
        
        //然后在删掉两条数据   
        db.Delete("momo",new string[]{"email","email"}, new string[]{"'xuanyusong@gmail.com'","'000@gmail.com'"}  );   
        
        SqliteDataReader sqReader = db.SelectWhere("momo",new string[]{"name","email"},new string[]{"qq"},new string[]{"="},new string[]{"289187120"});   
        
        while (sqReader.Read())   
        {    
        
            Debug.Log(sqReader.GetString(sqReader.GetOrdinal("name")) + sqReader.GetString(sqReader.GetOrdinal("email")));    
        
            //取值   
            name = sqReader.GetString(sqReader.GetOrdinal("name"));   
            email = sqReader.GetString(sqReader.GetOrdinal("email"));   
        }    
        
        db.CloseSqlConnection();   
    }   
        
    void OnGUI()   
    {   
        
        ///为了让大家看的更清楚 我将数据库取出的内容显示在屏幕中   
        if(name != null)   
        {   
            GUILayout.Label("XXXXXXXXXXXXX" + name);   
        
        }   
        
        if (email!= null)   
        {   
                GUILayout.Label("XXXXXXXXXXXXX" + email);   
        }   
        
        if(appDBPath != null)   
        {   
            GUILayout.Label("数据库的路径" + appDBPath);   
        }   
        
    }   
        
}

生成工程后,运行生成的mac程序,我们可以看到 数据已经取出来了。

Windows平台SQLite的使用:

Windows平台下与Mac平台有点区别,废了老半天来找到问题所在。MOMO感谢在博客后面留言的朋友,因为没有你们的留言我也不会去研究MAC  Windows下如何使用 呵呵。

进入正题,还是先修改Test.cs文件

using System.Collections;   
        
using Mono.Data.Sqlite;   
        
//using Mono.Data.SqliteClient;   
        
public class Test : MonoBehaviour   
{   
        
    string  name = null;   
    string  email = null;   
    string path = null;   
        
    void Start ()   
    {   
        //数据库文件储存地址   
        
    //注意这里的修改!!!!!!!!!!!!!!   
        string appDBPath = Application.dataPath  + "/xuanyusong.db";   
        
    //--------------------------   
        
        DbAccess db = new DbAccess(@"Data Source=" + appDBPath);   
        
        path = appDBPath;   
        
        //请注意 插入字符串是 已经要加上'宣雨松' 不然会报错   
        db.CreateTable("momo",new string[]{"name","qq","email","blog"}, new string[]{"text","text","text","text"});   
        //我在数据库中连续插入三条数据   
        db.InsertInto("momo", new string[]{ "'宣雨松'","'289187120'","'xuanyusong@gmail.com'","'www.xuanyusong.com'"   });   
        db.InsertInto("momo", new string[]{ "'雨松MOMO'","'289187120'","'000@gmail.com'","'www.xuanyusong.com'"   });   
        db.InsertInto("momo", new string[]{ "'哇咔咔'","'289187120'","'111@gmail.com'","'www.xuanyusong.com'"   });   
        
        //然后在删掉两条数据   
        db.Delete("momo",new string[]{"email","email"}, new string[]{"'xuanyusong@gmail.com'","'000@gmail.com'"}  );   
        
        //注解1   
        using (SqliteDataReader sqReader = db.SelectWhere("momo",new string[]{"name","email"},new string[]{"qq"},new string[]{"="},new string[]{"289187120"}))   
        {   
        
            while (sqReader.Read())   
            {   
                //目前中文无法显示   
                Debug.Log("xuanyusong" + sqReader.GetString(sqReader.GetOrdinal("name")));   
        
                Debug.Log("xuanyusong" + sqReader.GetString(sqReader.GetOrdinal("email")));   
        
                name = sqReader.GetString(sqReader.GetOrdinal("name"));   
                email = sqReader.GetString(sqReader.GetOrdinal("email"));   
        
            }    
        
            sqReader.Close();   
        }   
        
        db.CloseSqlConnection();   
    }   
        
    void OnGUI()   
    {   
        if(name != null)   
        {   
            GUILayout.Label(name);   
        }   
        
        if(email != null)   
        {   
            GUILayout.Label(email);   
        }   
        
        if(path != null)   
        {   
            GUILayout.Label(path);   
        }   
    }   
        
}

如下图所示打开Unity然后我们需要下载sqlite3.dll文件,接着将dll都放入Plugins文件夹中。不用担心 稍后我会把真个工程的下载地址贴出来其中包括所有的dll 。

最后直接打包成Windows平台工程。双击运行.exe文件,如下图所示数据库的数据以及路径MOMO已经打印在屏幕当中啦。哇咔咔~ 然后xuanyusong.db文件就放在ddd_Date文件夹中,我已经用红圈标注出来了。ddd就是工程的名称,ddd_Date该文件夹是自动生成的。

最后这个工程的下载地址,包括所有DLL以及代码MOMO感谢大家的支持。

下载地址:http://vdisk.weibo.com/s/abGL7

最后祝大家学习愉快。

来源: 雨松MOMO   作者:xuanyusong   

posted on 2014-03-02 11:20  iackjee  阅读(1068)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报

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