UIImage的几种初始化方法的对比
1、imageNamed:方法
imageNamed:是UIImage的一个类方法,它做的事情比我们看到的要稍微多一些。它的加载流程如下:
a. 系统回去检查系统缓存中是否存在该名字的图像,如果存在则直接返回。
b. 如果系统缓存中不存在该名字的图像,则会先加载到缓存中,在返回该对象。
观察上面的操作我们发现系统会缓存我们使用imageNamed:方法加载的图像时候,系统会自动帮我们缓存。这种机制适合于那种频繁用到界面贴图累的加载,但如果我们需要短时间内频繁的加载一些一次性的图像的话,最好不要使用这种方法。
2、imageWithContentsOfFile:和initWithContentsOfFile:方法
这两个方法跟前一个方法一样都是完成从文件加载图像的功能。但是不会经过系统缓存,直接从文件系统中加载并返回。
顺便提一下,当收到内存警告的时候,系统可能会将UIImage内部的存储图像的内存释放,下一次需要绘制的时候会重新去加载。
3、imageWithCGImage:scale:orientation:方法
该方面使用一个CGImageRef创建UIImage,在创建时还可以指定方法倍数以及旋转方向。当scale设置为1的时候,新创建的图像将和原图像尺寸一摸一样,而orientaion则可以指定新的图像的绘制方向。
三、UIImage的imageOrientation属性
UIImage有一个imageOrientation的属性,主要作用是控制image的绘制方向,共有以下8中方向:
- typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, UIImageOrientation) {
- UIImageOrientationUp, // default orientation
- UIImageOrientationDown, // 180 deg rotation
- UIImageOrientationLeft, // 90 deg CCW (编程发现官方文档中,left和right图像标反了,此处更正过来)
- UIImageOrientationRight, // 90 deg CW
- UIImageOrientationUpMirrored, // as above but image mirrored along other axis. horizontal flip
- UIImageOrientationDownMirrored, // horizontal flip
- UIImageOrientationLeftMirrored, // vertical flip
- UIImageOrientationRightMirrored, // vertical flip
- };
默认的方向是UIImageOrientationUp,这8种方向对应的绘制方如上面所示。我 们在日常使用中经常会碰到把iPhone相册中的照片导入到windows中,发现方向不对的问题就是与这个属性有关,因为导出照片的时候,写exif中 的方向信息时候没有考虑该方向的原因。既然这个属性可以控制image的绘制方向,那我们能不能通过改过这个属性来完成UIImage的旋转和翻转呢?带 着这个问题我们继续往下看。
四、UIImage的几个draw方法
UIImage的几个draw方法是用来绘制图像的利器,为什么这样说呢?因为它们在绘制图 像的时候会考虑当前图像的方向,即根据的imageOrientation绘制出不同的方向。由于图像是绘制在当前context中的,它同时还会考虑到 当前context的transform的变化。利于这两点我们就可以玩转图像的旋转和翻转了。
搜索了一些,目前网上大部分图像旋转都是通过创建CGBitmapContext,然后根据图像方向设置context的transform来实现的,这种方法要求对整个矩阵变化的过程都非常清楚,一个参数设置不多,出来的结果就会有问题。
下面我介绍一种实现起来简单方便的图像旋转方法,这种方法主要就是利用imageWithCGImage:scale:orientation:方法,指定不同的orientation来完成所需要的功能,先举个简单的例子:
假设一副图片显示为 ,我们要向左旋转90°,那么转过之后应该就会显示为,即将原图从orientationUP转到orientationLeft即可。以此类推为不同的方向旋转,只需要注意看R的显示即可,这样整个旋转和翻转的实现过程中完全可以不用考虑Transform那些东西,是不是很简单。
下面是图像旋转和翻转的完整代码:
- //
- // UIImage+Rotate_Flip.h
- // SvImageEdit
- //
- // Created by maple on 5/14/13.
- // Copyright (c) 2013 smileEvday. All rights reserved.
- //
- //
- #import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
- @interface UIImage (Rotate_Flip)
- /*
- * @brief rotate image 90 withClockWise
- */
- - (UIImage*)rotate90Clockwise;
- /*
- * @brief rotate image 90 counterClockwise
- */
- - (UIImage*)rotate90CounterClockwise;
- /*
- * @brief rotate image 180 degree
- */
- - (UIImage*)rotate180;
- /*
- * @brief rotate image to default orientation
- */
- - (UIImage*)rotateImageToOrientationUp;
- /*
- * @brief flip horizontal
- */
- - (UIImage*)flipHorizontal;
- /*
- * @brief flip vertical
- */
- - (UIImage*)flipVertical;
- /*
- * @brief flip horizontal and vertical
- */
- - (UIImage*)flipAll;
- @end
- UIImage+Rotate_Flip.h
- //
- // UIImage+Rotate_Flip.m
- // SvImageEdit
- //
- // Created by maple on 5/14/13.
- // Copyright (c) 2013 smileEvday. All rights reserved.
- //
- #import "UIImage+Rotate_Flip.h"
- @implementation UIImage (Rotate_Flip)
- /*
- * @brief rotate image 90 with CounterClockWise
- */
- - (UIImage*)rotate90CounterClockwise
- {
- UIImage *image = nil;
- switch (self.imageOrientation) {
- case UIImageOrientationUp:
- {
- image = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:self.CGImage scale:1 orientation:UIImageOrientationLeft];
- break;
- }
- case UIImageOrientationDown:
- {
- image = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:self.CGImage scale:1 orientation:UIImageOrientationRight];
- break;
- }
- case UIImageOrientationLeft:
- {
- image = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:self.CGImage scale:1 orientation:UIImageOrientationDown];
- break;
- }
- case UIImageOrientationRight:
- {
- image = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:self.CGImage scale:1 orientation:UIImageOrientationUp];
- break;
- }
- case UIImageOrientationUpMirrored:
- {
- image = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:self.CGImage scale:1 orientation:UIImageOrientationRightMirrored];
- break;
- }
- case UIImageOrientationDownMirrored:
- {
- image = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:self.CGImage scale:1 orientation:UIImageOrientationLeftMirrored];
- break;
- }
- case UIImageOrientationLeftMirrored:
- {
- image = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:self.CGImage scale:1 orientation:UIImageOrientationUpMirrored];
- break;
- }
- case UIImageOrientationRightMirrored:
- {
- image = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:self.CGImage scale:1 orientation:UIImageOrientationDownMirrored];
- break;
- }
- default:
- break;
- }
- return image;
- }
- /*
- * @brief rotate image 90 with Clockwise
- */
- - (UIImage*)rotate90Clockwise
- {
- UIImage *image = nil;
- switch (self.imageOrientation) {
- case UIImageOrientationUp:
- {
- image = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:self.CGImage scale:1 orientation:UIImageOrientationRight];
- break;
- }
- case UIImageOrientationDown:
- {
- image = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:self.CGImage scale:1 orientation:UIImageOrientationLeft];
- break;
- }
- case UIImageOrientationLeft:
- {
- image = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:self.CGImage scale:1 orientation:UIImageOrientationUp];
- break;
- }
- case UIImageOrientationRight:
- {
- image = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:self.CGImage scale:1 orientation:UIImageOrientationDown];
- break;
- }
- case UIImageOrientationUpMirrored:
- {
- image = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:self.CGImage scale:1 orientation:UIImageOrientationLeftMirrored];
- break;
- }
- case UIImageOrientationDownMirrored:
- {
- image = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:self.CGImage scale:1 orientation:UIImageOrientationRightMirrored];
- break;
- }
- case UIImageOrientationLeftMirrored:
- {
- image = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:self.CGImage scale:1 orientation:UIImageOrientationDownMirrored];
- break;
- }
- case UIImageOrientationRightMirrored:
- {
- image = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:self.CGImage scale:1 orientation:UIImageOrientationUpMirrored];
- break;
- }
- default:
- break;
- }
- return image;
- }
- /*
- * @brief rotate image 180 degree
- */
- - (UIImage*)rotate180
- {
- UIImage *image = nil;
- switch (self.imageOrientation) {
- case UIImageOrientationUp:
- {
- image = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:self.CGImage scale:1 orientation:UIImageOrientationDown];
- break;
- }
- case UIImageOrientationDown:
- {
- image = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:self.CGImage scale:1 orientation:UIImageOrientationUp];
- break;
- }
- case UIImageOrientationLeft:
- {
- image = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:self.CGImage scale:1 orientation:UIImageOrientationRight];
- break;
- }
- case UIImageOrientationRight:
- {
- image = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:self.CGImage scale:1 orientation:UIImageOrientationLeft];
- break;
- }
- case UIImageOrientationUpMirrored:
- {
- image = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:self.CGImage scale:1 orientation:UIImageOrientationDownMirrored];
- break;
- }
- case UIImageOrientationDownMirrored:
- {
- image = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:self.CGImage scale:1 orientation:UIImageOrientationUpMirrored];
- break;
- }
- case UIImageOrientationLeftMirrored:
- {
- image = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:self.CGImage scale:1 orientation:UIImageOrientationRightMirrored];
- break;
- }
- case UIImageOrientationRightMirrored:
- {
- image = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:self.CGImage scale:1 orientation:UIImageOrientationLeftMirrored];
- break;
- }
- default:
- break;
- }
- return image;
- }
- /*
- * @brief rotate image to default orientation
- */
- - (UIImage*)rotateImageToOrientationUp
- {
- CGSize size = CGSizeMake(self.size.width * self.scale, self.size.height * self.scale);
- UIGraphicsBeginImageContext(size);
- CGContextRef context = UIGraphicsGetCurrentContext();
- CGContextClearRect(context, CGRectMake(0, 0, size.width, size.height));
- [self drawInRect:CGRectMake(0, 0, size.width, size.height)];
- UIImage *image = UIGraphicsGetImageFromCurrentImageContext();
- UIGraphicsEndImageContext();
- return image;
- }
- /*
- * @brief flip horizontal
- */
- - (UIImage*)flipHorizontal
- {
- UIImage *image = nil;
- switch (self.imageOrientation) {
- case UIImageOrientationUp:
- {
- image = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:self.CGImage scale:1 orientation:UIImageOrientationUpMirrored];
- break;
- }
- case UIImageOrientationDown:
- {
- image = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:self.CGImage scale:1 orientation:UIImageOrientationDownMirrored];
- break;
- }
- case UIImageOrientationLeft:
- {
- image = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:self.CGImage scale:1 orientation:UIImageOrientationRightMirrored];
- break;
- }
- case UIImageOrientationRight:
- {
- image = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:self.CGImage scale:1 orientation:UIImageOrientationLeftMirrored];
- break;
- }
- case UIImageOrientationUpMirrored:
- {
- image = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:self.CGImage scale:1 orientation:UIImageOrientationUp];
- break;
- }
- case UIImageOrientationDownMirrored:
- {
- image = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:self.CGImage scale:1 orientation:UIImageOrientationDown];
- break;
- }
- case UIImageOrientationLeftMirrored:
- {
- image = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:self.CGImage scale:1 orientation:UIImageOrientationRight];
- break;
- }
- case UIImageOrientationRightMirrored:
- {
- image = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:self.CGImage scale:1 orientation:UIImageOrientationLeft];
- break;
- }
- default:
- break;
- }
- return image;
- }
- /*
- * @brief flip vertical
- */
- - (UIImage*)flipVertical
- {
- UIImage *image = nil;
- switch (self.imageOrientation) {
- case UIImageOrientationUp:
- {
- image = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:self.CGImage scale:1 orientation:UIImageOrientationDownMirrored];
- break;
- }
- case UIImageOrientationDown:
- {
- image = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:self.CGImage scale:1 orientation:UIImageOrientationUpMirrored];
- break;
- }
- case UIImageOrientationLeft:
- {
- image = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:self.CGImage scale:1 orientation:UIImageOrientationLeftMirrored];
- break;
- }
- case UIImageOrientationRight:
- {
- image = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:self.CGImage scale:1 orientation:UIImageOrientationRightMirrored];
- break;
- }
- case UIImageOrientationUpMirrored:
- {
- image = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:self.CGImage scale:1 orientation:UIImageOrientationDown];
- break;
- }
- case UIImageOrientationDownMirrored:
- {
- image = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:self.CGImage scale:1 orientation:UIImageOrientationUp];
- break;
- }
- case UIImageOrientationLeftMirrored:
- {
- image = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:self.CGImage scale:1 orientation:UIImageOrientationLeft];
- break;
- }
- case UIImageOrientationRightMirrored:
- {
- image = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:self.CGImage scale:1 orientation:UIImageOrientationRight];
- break;
- }
- default:
- break;
- }
- return image;
- }
- /*
- * @brief flip horizontal and vertical
- */
- - (UIImage*)flipAll
- {
- return [self rotate180];
- }
- @end
- UIImage+Rotate_Flip.m
以上只是实现了图像的顺时针90°,逆时针90°,180°旋转,以及水平翻转,数值翻转等。至 于任意角度旋转怎么实现?其实也很简单,留着给大家思考吧。虽然我们可以通过orientation这种方法简单的完成图像旋转,但是如果有时间的话还是 建议大家尽量的看一下那种通过transform来完成旋转的代码,你会彻底搞清楚旋转矩阵是怎么回事儿。当然程序中使用的时候推荐使用我上面提供的这种 方法,因为不涉及真实的旋转操作,速度会快很多。
通过上面的小例子,我们可以看出越高级别的API帮助我们做的事情就越多,越底层的API提 供了更多的灵活性,但同时也带来了很多需要我们处理的东西。再编程的过程中尽量的使用高级别的API,同时最好能搞懂底层的实现机制。这样我们的程序才会 更高效,出了问题才知道去哪里查找。