软件生命周期
Introduction:引言
Bug can bedefined as the abnormal behavior of the software. No software exists without abug. The elimination of bugs from the software depends upon the efficiency oftesting done on the software. A bug is a specific concern about the quality ofthe Application underTest(AUT).
缺陷可以被定义为软件的异常行为。不存在一个缺陷的软件是不存在的。消除软件缺陷依赖于高效率的测试。一个缺陷对于在测软件来讲是不容小视的。
Bug Life Cycle:缺陷生命周期
In softwaredevelopment process, the bug has a life cycle. The bug should Go through thelife cycle to be closed. A specific life cycle ensures that the process isstandardized. The bug attains different states in the life cycle. The lifecycle of the bug can be shown diagrammatically as follows:
在软件开发过程中，缺陷拥有自身的生命周期。缺陷在走完其生命周期最终会关闭。确定的生命周期保证了过程的标准化。缺陷在其生命周期中会处于许多不同的状态。缺陷的生命中期通过下图展示了出来：
注：深绿色状态为测试经理设置
浅绿色状态为测试员设置
浅蓝色状态为开发人员设置
缺陷各个不同的状态如下：
1.New 新建
2. Open 打开
3. Assign 指派
4. Test 测试
5. Verified 确认
6. Deferred 延期
7. Reopened 重新打开
8. Duplicate 重复
9. Rejected 拒绝
10. Closed 关闭
Description of Various Stages:（描述各个阶段的）
1. New: When the bug is posted for the firsttime, its state will be “NEW”. This means that the bug is not yet approved.
1.新建：当缺陷被第一次递交的时候，它的状态即为“新建”。这也就是说缺陷未被确认其是否真正是一个缺陷。
2. Open: After a tester has posted a bug, thelead of the tester approves that the bug is genuine and he changes the state as“OPEN”.
2.打开：在测试者提交一个缺陷后，测试组长确认其确实为一个缺陷的时候他会把状态置为“打开”
3. Assign: Once the lead changes the state as“OPEN”, he assigns the bug to corresponding developer or developer team. Thestate of the bug now is changed to “ASSIGN”.
3.分配：一旦缺陷被测试经理置为“打开”，他会把缺陷交给相应的开发人员或者开发组。这时缺陷状态变更为“分配”。
4. Test: Once the developer fixes the bug, hehas to assign the bug to the testing team for next round of testing. Before hereleases the software with bug fixed, he changes the state of bug to “TEST”. Itspecifies that the bug has been fixed and is released to testing team.
4.测试：当开发人员修复缺陷后，他会吧缺陷提交给测试组进行新一轮的测试。在开发人员公布已修复缺陷的程序之前，他会把缺陷状态置为“测试”。这时表明缺陷已经修复并且已经交给了测试组。
5. Deferred: The bug, changed to deferred statemeans the bug is expected to be fixed in next releases. The reasons forchanging the bug to this state have many factors. Some of them are priority ofthe bug may be low, lack of time for the release or the bug may not have majoreffect on the software.
5.延迟的：缺陷状态被置为“延迟的”意味着缺陷将会在下一个版本中被修复。将缺陷置为“延迟的”原因有许多种。有些由于缺陷优先级不高，有些由于时间紧，有些是因为缺陷对软件不会造成太大影响。
6. Rejected: If the developer feels that the bug isnot genuine, he rejects the bug. Then the state of the bug is changed to“REJECTED”.
6.不接受的：如果开发人员不认为其是一个缺陷，他会不接受。他会吧缺陷状态置为“不接受的”
7. Duplicate: If the bug is repeated twice or thetwo bugs mention the same concept of the bug, then one bug status is changed to“DUPLICATE”.
7.重复提交：如果同一个缺陷被重复提交或者两个缺陷表明的意思相同，那么这个缺陷状态会被置为“重复提交”
8. Verified: Once the bug is fixed and the statusis changed to “TEST”, the tester tests the bug. If the bug is not present inthe software, he approves that the bug is fixed and changes the status to“VERIFIED”.
8.已核实：一但缺陷被修复它就会被置为“测试”，测试员会执行测试。如果缺陷不再出现，这就证明缺陷被修复了同时其状态被置为“已核实”。
9. Reopened: If the bug still exists even after thebug is fixed by the developer, the tester changes the status to “REOPENED”. Thebug traverses the life cycle once again.
9.再次打开：如果缺陷被开发人员修复后仍然存在，测试人员会把缺陷状态置为“再次打开”。缺陷即将再次穿越其生命周期。
10. Closed: Once the bug is fixed, it is tested bythe tester. If the tester feels that the bug no longer exists in the software,he changes the status of the bug to “CLOSED”. This state means that the bug isfixed, tested and approved.
10.关闭：一但缺陷被修复，测试人员会对其进行测试。如果测试人员认为缺陷不存在了，他会把缺陷状态置为“关闭”。这个状态意味着缺陷被修复，通过了测试并且核实确实如此。
