java poi 操作Excel常用方法总结

原文地址：http://lilinhui.iteye.com/blog/1163040

官网地址：http://poi.apache.org/spreadsheet/quick-guide.html

一、 POI简介
            Apache POI是Apache软件基金会的开放源码函式库，POI提供API给Java程序对Microsoft Office格式档案读和写的功能。

二、 HSSF概况
            HSSF 是Horrible SpreadSheet Format的缩写，通过HSSF，你可以用纯Java代码来读取、写入、修改Excel文件。HSSF 为读取操作提供了两类API：usermodel和eventusermodel，即“用户模型”和“事件-用户模型”。

三、 POI EXCEL文档结构类
            HSSFWorkbook excel文档对象

            HSSFSheet excel的sheet HSSFRow excel的行

            HSSFCell excel的单元格 HSSFFont excel字体

            HSSFName 名称 HSSFDataFormat 日期格式

            HSSFHeader sheet头

            HSSFFooter sheet尾

            HSSFCellStyle cell样式

            HSSFDateUtil 日期

            HSSFPrintSetup 打印

            HSSFErrorConstants 错误信息表

四、 EXCEL常用操作方法

1、 得到Excel常用对象           

POIFSFileSystem fs=newPOIFSFileSystem(new FileInputStream("d:/test.xls"));
//得到Excel工作簿对象
HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook(fs);
//得到Excel工作表对象
HSSFSheet sheet = wb.getSheetAt(0);
//得到Excel工作表的行
HSSFRow row = sheet.getRow(i);
//得到Excel工作表指定行的单元格
HSSFCell cell = row.getCell((short) j);
cellStyle = cell.getCellStyle();//得到单元格样式

2、建立Excel常用对象

HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();//创建Excel工作簿对象
HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("new sheet");//创建Excel工作表对象
HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow((short)0); //创建Excel工作表的行
cellStyle = wb.createCellStyle();//创建单元格样式
row.createCell((short)0).setCellStyle(cellStyle); //创建Excel工作表指定行的单元格
row.createCell((short)0).setCellValue(1); //设置Excel工作表的值
HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();//创建Excel工作簿对象
HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("new sheet");//创建Excel工作表对象
HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow((short)0); //创建Excel工作表的行
cellStyle = wb.createCellStyle();//创建单元格样式
row.createCell((short)0).setCellStyle(cellStyle); //创建Excel工作表指定行的单元格
row.createCell((short)0).setCellValue(1); //设置Excel工作表的值

3、设置sheet名称和单元格内容

wb.setSheetName(1, "第一张工作表",HSSFCell.ENCODING_UTF_16);
cell.setEncoding((short) 1);
cell.setCellValue("单元格内容");
wb.setSheetName(1, "第一张工作表",HSSFCell.ENCODING_UTF_16);
cell.setEncoding((short) 1);
cell.setCellValue("单元格内容");

4、取得sheet的数目

wb.getNumberOfSheets()
wb.getNumberOfSheets()

5、  根据index取得sheet对象

HSSFSheet sheet = wb.getSheetAt(0);
HSSFSheet sheet = wb.getSheetAt(0);

6、取得有效的行数

int rowcount = sheet.getLastRowNum();
int rowcount = sheet.getLastRowNum();

7、取得一行的有效单元格个数

row.getLastCellNum();
row.getLastCellNum();

 
8、单元格值类型读写

cell.setCellType(HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_STRING); //设置单元格为STRING类型
cell.getNumericCellValue();//读取为数值类型的单元格内容
cell.setCellType(HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_STRING); //设置单元格为STRING类型
cell.getNumericCellValue();//读取为数值类型的单元格内容

9、设置列宽、行高

sheet.setColumnWidth((short)column,(short)width);
row.setHeight((short)height);
sheet.setColumnWidth((short)column,(short)width);
row.setHeight((short)height);

10、添加区域，合并单元格

Region region = new Region((short)rowFrom,(short)columnFrom,(short)rowTo
,(short)columnTo);//合并从第rowFrom行columnFrom列
sheet.addMergedRegion(region);// 到rowTo行columnTo的区域
//得到所有区域
sheet.getNumMergedRegions()
Region region = new Region((short)rowFrom,(short)columnFrom,(short)rowTo
,(short)columnTo);//合并从第rowFrom行columnFrom列
sheet.addMergedRegion(region);// 到rowTo行columnTo的区域
//得到所有区域
sheet.getNumMergedRegions()

11、保存Excel文件

FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream(path);
wb.write(fileOut);
FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream(path);
wb.write(fileOut);

12、根据单元格不同属性返回字符串数值

public String getCellStringValue(HSSFCell cell) {
        String cellValue = "";
        switch (cell.getCellType()) {
        case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_STRING://字符串类型
           cellValue = cell.getStringCellValue();
           if(cellValue.trim().equals("")||cellValue.trim().length()<=0)
                cellValue=" ";
            break;
        case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_NUMERIC: //数值类型
            cellValue = String.valueOf(cell.getNumericCellValue());
            break;
        case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_FORMULA: //公式
            cell.setCellType(HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_NUMERIC);
            cellValue = String.valueOf(cell.getNumericCellValue());
            break;
        case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_BLANK:
            cellValue=" ";
            break;
        case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_BOOLEAN:
           break;
        case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_ERROR:
            break;
        default:
            break;
        }
        return cellValue;
    }
public String getCellStringValue(HSSFCell cell) {
        String cellValue = "";
        switch (cell.getCellType()) {
        case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_STRING://字符串类型
            cellValue = cell.getStringCellValue();
            if(cellValue.trim().equals("")||cellValue.trim().length()<=0)
                cellValue=" ";
            break;
        case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_NUMERIC: //数值类型
            cellValue = String.valueOf(cell.getNumericCellValue());
            break;
        case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_FORMULA: //公式
            cell.setCellType(HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_NUMERIC);
            cellValue = String.valueOf(cell.getNumericCellValue());
            break;
        case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_BLANK:
            cellValue=" ";
            break;
        case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_BOOLEAN:
            break;
        case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_ERROR:
            break;
        default:
            break;
        }
        return cellValue;
    }

13、常用单元格边框格式

HSSFCellStyle style = wb.createCellStyle();
style.setBorderBottom(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_DOTTED);//下边框
style.setBorderLeft(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_DOTTED);//左边框
style.setBorderRight(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);//右边框
style.setBorderTop(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);//上边框
HSSFCellStyle style = wb.createCellStyle();
style.setBorderBottom(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_DOTTED);//下边框
style.setBorderLeft(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_DOTTED);//左边框
style.setBorderRight(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);//右边框
style.setBorderTop(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);//上边框

14、设置字体和内容位置

HSSFFont f  = wb.createFont();
f.setFontHeightInPoints((short) 11);//字号
f.setBoldweight(HSSFFont.BOLDWEIGHT_NORMAL);//加粗
style.setFont(f);
style.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);//左右居中
style.setVerticalAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.VERTICAL_CENTER);//上下居中
style.setRotation(short rotation);//单元格内容的旋转的角度
HSSFDataFormat df = wb.createDataFormat();
style1.setDataFormat(df.getFormat("0.00%"));//设置单元格数据格式
cell.setCellFormula(string);//给单元格设公式
style.setRotation(short rotation);//单元格内容的旋转的角度
HSSFFont f  = wb.createFont();
f.setFontHeightInPoints((short) 11);//字号
f.setBoldweight(HSSFFont.BOLDWEIGHT_NORMAL);//加粗
style.setFont(f);
style.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);//左右居中
style.setVerticalAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.VERTICAL_CENTER);//上下居中
style.setRotation(short rotation);//单元格内容的旋转的角度
HSSFDataFormat df = wb.createDataFormat();
style1.setDataFormat(df.getFormat("0.00%"));//设置单元格数据格式
cell.setCellFormula(string);//给单元格设公式
style.setRotation(short rotation);//单元格内容的旋转的角度

15、插入图片

//先把读进来的图片放到一个ByteArrayOutputStream中，以便产生ByteArray
      ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOut = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
      BufferedImage bufferImg = ImageIO.read(new File("ok.jpg"));
      ImageIO.write(bufferImg,"jpg",byteArrayOut);
//读进一个excel模版
FileInputStream fos = new FileInputStream(filePathName+"/stencil.xlt");
fs = new POIFSFileSystem(fos);
//创建一个工作薄
HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook(fs);
HSSFSheet sheet = wb.getSheetAt(0);
HSSFPatriarch patriarch = sheet.createDrawingPatriarch();
HSSFClientAnchor anchor = new HSSFClientAnchor(0,0,1023,255,(short) 0,0,(short)10,10);
patriarch.createPicture(anchor , wb.addPicture(byteArrayOut.toByteArray(),HSSFWorkbook.PICTURE_TYPE_JPEG));
//先把读进来的图片放到一个ByteArrayOutputStream中，以便产生ByteArray
      ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOut = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
      BufferedImage bufferImg = ImageIO.read(new File("ok.jpg"));
      ImageIO.write(bufferImg,"jpg",byteArrayOut);
//读进一个excel模版
FileInputStream fos = new FileInputStream(filePathName+"/stencil.xlt");
fs = new POIFSFileSystem(fos);
//创建一个工作薄
HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook(fs);
HSSFSheet sheet = wb.getSheetAt(0);
HSSFPatriarch patriarch = sheet.createDrawingPatriarch();
HSSFClientAnchor anchor = new HSSFClientAnchor(0,0,1023,255,(short) 0,0,(short)10,10);
patriarch.createPicture(anchor , wb.addPicture(byteArrayOut.toByteArray(),HSSFWorkbook.PICTURE_TYPE_JPEG));

16、调整工作表位置

HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();
HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("format sheet");
HSSFPrintSetup ps = sheet.getPrintSetup();
sheet.setAutobreaks(true);
ps.setFitHeight((short)1);
ps.setFitWidth((short)1);
HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();
HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("format sheet");
HSSFPrintSetup ps = sheet.getPrintSetup();
sheet.setAutobreaks(true);
ps.setFitHeight((short)1);
ps.setFitWidth((short)1);

 

17、设置打印区域

HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("Sheet1");
wb.setPrintArea(0, "$A$1:$C$2");
HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("Sheet1");
wb.setPrintArea(0, "$A$1:$C$2");

18、标注脚注

HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("format sheet");
HSSFFooter footer = sheet.getFooter()
footer.setRight( "Page " + HSSFFooter.page() + " of " + HSSFFooter.numPages() );
HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("format sheet");
HSSFFooter footer = sheet.getFooter()
footer.setRight( "Page " + HSSFFooter.page() + " of " + HSSFFooter.numPages() );

19、在工作单中清空行数据，调整行位置

HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();
HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("row sheet");
// Create various cells and rows for spreadsheet.
// Shift rows 6 - 11 on the spreadsheet to the top (rows 0 - 5)
sheet.shiftRows(5, 10, -5);
HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();
HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("row sheet");
// Create various cells and rows for spreadsheet.
// Shift rows 6 - 11 on the spreadsheet to the top (rows 0 - 5)
sheet.shiftRows(5, 10, -5);

20、选中指定的工作表

HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("row sheet");
heet.setSelected(true);
HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("row sheet");
heet.setSelected(true);

21、工作表的放大缩小

HSSFSheet sheet1 = wb.createSheet("new sheet");
sheet1.setZoom(1,2);   // 50 percent magnification
HSSFSheet sheet1 = wb.createSheet("new sheet");
sheet1.setZoom(1,2);   // 50 percent magnification

22、头注和脚注

HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("new sheet");
HSSFHeader header = sheet.getHeader();
header.setCenter("Center Header");
header.setLeft("Left Header");
header.setRight(HSSFHeader.font("Stencil-Normal", "Italic") +
HSSFHeader.fontSize((short) 16) + "Right w/ Stencil-Normal Italic font and size 16");
HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("new sheet");
HSSFHeader header = sheet.getHeader();
header.setCenter("Center Header");
header.setLeft("Left Header");
header.setRight(HSSFHeader.font("Stencil-Normal", "Italic") +
HSSFHeader.fontSize((short) 16) + "Right w/ Stencil-Normal Italic font and size 16");

23、自定义颜色

HSSFCellStyle style = wb.createCellStyle();
style.setFillForegroundColor(HSSFColor.LIME.index);
style.setFillPattern(HSSFCellStyle.SOLID_FOREGROUND);
HSSFFont font = wb.createFont();
font.setColor(HSSFColor.RED.index);
style.setFont(font);
cell.setCellStyle(style);
HSSFCellStyle style = wb.createCellStyle();
style.setFillForegroundColor(HSSFColor.LIME.index);
style.setFillPattern(HSSFCellStyle.SOLID_FOREGROUND);
HSSFFont font = wb.createFont();
font.setColor(HSSFColor.RED.index);
style.setFont(font);
cell.setCellStyle(style);

24、填充和颜色设置

HSSFCellStyle style = wb.createCellStyle();
style.setFillBackgroundColor(HSSFColor.AQUA.index);
style.setFillPattern(HSSFCellStyle.BIG_SPOTS);
HSSFCell cell = row.createCell((short) 1);
cell.setCellValue("X");
style = wb.createCellStyle();
style.setFillForegroundColor(HSSFColor.ORANGE.index);
style.setFillPattern(HSSFCellStyle.SOLID_FOREGROUND);
cell.setCellStyle(style);
HSSFCellStyle style = wb.createCellStyle();
style.setFillBackgroundColor(HSSFColor.AQUA.index);
style.setFillPattern(HSSFCellStyle.BIG_SPOTS);
HSSFCell cell = row.createCell((short) 1);
cell.setCellValue("X");
style = wb.createCellStyle();
style.setFillForegroundColor(HSSFColor.ORANGE.index);
style.setFillPattern(HSSFCellStyle.SOLID_FOREGROUND);
cell.setCellStyle(style);

25、强行刷新单元格公式

HSSFFormulaEvaluator eval=new HSSFFormulaEvaluator((HSSFWorkbook) wb);
private static void updateFormula(Workbook wb,Sheet s,int row){
        Row r=s.getRow(row);
        Cell c=null;
        FormulaEcaluator eval=null;
        if(wb instanceof HSSFWorkbook)
            eval=new HSSFFormulaEvaluator((HSSFWorkbook) wb);
        else if(wb instanceof XSSFWorkbook)
            eval=new XSSFFormulaEvaluator((XSSFWorkbook) wb);
        for(int i=r.getFirstCellNum();i<r.getLastCellNum();i++){
            c=r.getCell(i);
            if(c.getCellType()==Cell.CELL_TYPE_FORMULA)
                eval.evaluateFormulaCell(c);
        }
    }
HSSFFormulaEvaluator eval=new HSSFFormulaEvaluator((HSSFWorkbook) wb);
private static void updateFormula(Workbook wb,Sheet s,int row){
        Row r=s.getRow(row);
        Cell c=null;
        FormulaEcaluator eval=null;
        if(wb instanceof HSSFWorkbook)
            eval=new HSSFFormulaEvaluator((HSSFWorkbook) wb);
        else if(wb instanceof XSSFWorkbook)
            eval=new XSSFFormulaEvaluator((XSSFWorkbook) wb);
        for(int i=r.getFirstCellNum();i<r.getLastCellNum();i++){
            c=r.getCell(i);
            if(c.getCellType()==Cell.CELL_TYPE_FORMULA)
                eval.evaluateFormulaCell(c);
        }
    }

说明：FormulaEvaluator提供了evaluateFormulaCell(Cell cell)方法，计算公式保存结果，但不改变公式。而evaluateInCell(Cell cell) 方法是计算公式，并将原公式替换为计算结果，也就是说该单元格的类型不在是Cell.CELL_TYPE_FORMULA而是 Cell.CELL_TYPE_NUMBERIC。HSSFFormulaEvaluator提供了静态方法evaluateAllFormu

laCells(HSSFWorkbook wb) ，计算一个Excel文件的所有公式，用起来很方便。