hive DML操作
1、数据导入
1)向表中装载数据(load)
语法
hive> load data [local] inpath '/opt/module/datas/student.txt' [overwrite] into table student [partition (partcol1=val1,…)];
(1)load data:表示加载数据
(2)local:表示从本地加载数据到hive表;否则从HDFS加载数据到hive表
(3)inpath:表示加载数据的路径
(4)overwrite:表示覆盖表中已有数据,否则表示追加
(5)into table:表示加载到哪张表
(6)student:表示具体的表
(7)partition:表示上传到指定分区
实例操作
创建一张表
create table student(id string,name string)
row format delimited fields terminated by '\t';
(1)加载本地文件到hive
load data local inpath '/opt/student.txt' into table student;
(2)加载hdfs文件到hive
load data inpath '/user/hive/warehouse/stu.txt' into table student;
(3)加载数据覆盖表中已有的数据
load data inpath '/user/hive/warehouse/stu.txt' overwrite into table student;
2)通过查询语句向表中插入数据(insert)
创建一张分区表
create table student(id int, name string) partitioned by (month string) row format delimited fields terminated by '\t';
(1)基本插入
insert into table student partition(month='2019') values(1,"wang"),(2,"zhang");
insert overwrite table stu partition(month='2019') select id,name from student where month='2019';
insert into :以追加数据的方式插入到表或分区,原有数据不会删除
insert overwrite:会覆盖表或分区中已经存在的数据
insert 不支持插入部分字段
(2)多表(多分区)插入
from student
insert overwrite table student partition(month='201706')
select id,name where month='201706'
insert overwrite table student partition(month='201707')
select id,name where month='201707';
3)查询语句中创建表并加载数据(as select)
create table if not exists stu
as
select id,name from student;
4)创建表时通过location指定加载数据路径
create external table if not exists student(
id int ,name string
)
row format delimited fields terminated by '\t'
location '/student';
5)Import数据到指定hive表中
先用export导出后,再将数据导入
import table stu partition(month='201901')
from
'/user/hive/warehouse/export/student';
2、数据导出
1)insert导出
(1)将查询的结果导出到本地(各列数据紧挨着,没有分隔符)
insert overwrite local directory '/opt/export/student' select * from student;
(2)将查询的结果格式化导出到本地
insert overwrite local directory '/opt/export/student' row format delimited fileds terminated by '\t' select * from student;
(3)将查询结果导出到hdfs上(没有local)
insert overwrite local directory '/user/hive/warehouse/export/student' row format delimited fileds terminated by '\t' select * from student;
2)hadoop命令导出到本地
dfs -get /user/hive/warehouse/student/month=201709/000000_0 /opt/module/datas/export/student.txt;
3)hive shell命令导出
hive -f/-e 执行语句或者脚本 > file
hive -e 'select * from student' > /opt/datas/student.txt;
4)export导出到hdfs上
export table student to '/user/hive/warehouse/export/student';
export 和import主要用于两个hadoop平台集群之间hive表迁移