DVWA 之 CSRF跨站请求伪造 全等级
一、漏洞概述
CSRF(Cross site request forgery ):跨站请求伪造。
CSRF是指利用受害者尚未失效的身份认证信息(cookie、会话信息),诱骗其点击恶意链接或者访问包含攻击代码的页面,在受害人不知情的情况下,以受害人的身份向服务器发送请求,从而完成非法操作。
二、工具
burp suite、firefox
三、测试过程
1、级别:Low
贴上代码:
1 <?php 2 3 if( isset( $_GET[ 'Change' ] ) ) { 4 // Get input 5 $pass_new = $_GET[ 'password_new' ]; 6 $pass_conf = $_GET[ 'password_conf' ]; 7 8 // Do the passwords match? 9 if( $pass_new == $pass_conf ) { 10 // They do! 11 $pass_new = ((isset($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) && is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"], $pass_new ) : ((trigger_error("[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.", E_USER_ERROR)) ? "" : "")); 12 $pass_new = md5( $pass_new ); 13 14 // Update the database 15 $insert = "UPDATE `users` SET password = '$pass_new' WHERE user = '" . dvwaCurrentUser() . "';"; 16 $result = mysqli_query($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"], $insert ) or die( '<pre>' . ((is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_error($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) : (($___mysqli_res = mysqli_connect_error()) ? $___mysqli_res : false)) . '</pre>' ); 17 18 // Feedback for the user 19 echo "<pre>Password Changed.</pre>"; 20 } 21 else { 22 // Issue with passwords matching 23 echo "<pre>Passwords did not match.</pre>"; 24 } 25 26 ((is_null($___mysqli_res = mysqli_close($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]))) ? false : $___mysqli_res); 27 } 28 29 ?>
从代码可以看出服务器通过GET方式收到更改密码的请求后会比较参数pass_new和pass_conf是否一致,如果一致会执行修改密码操作。
输入密码进行更改:
点击change后得到链接:
http://IP地址/dvwa/vulnerabilities/csrf/?password_new=新密码&password_conf=确认密码&Change=Change#
所以我们构造链接,将两个参数的值改变即可。
值得注意的是,CSRF是利用受害者的cookie向服务器发送伪造请求,因为不同浏览器间的cookie不是通用,所以受害着使用同一浏览器打开链接时才会攻击成功。
ps:由于链接过于直接,比较容易看出,我们可以做一个web页面进行隐藏。
例如:
1 <html> 2 3 <head> 4 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> 5 <title>change</title> 6 <img src="http://IP地址/dvwa/vulnerabilities/csrf/?password_new=新密码&password_conf=确认密码&Change=Change#"/> 7 8 </head> 9 <p> success </p> 10 </html>
2、级别:Medium
贴上源码:
1 <?php 2 3 if( isset( $_GET[ 'Change' ] ) ) { 4 // Checks to see where the request came from 5 if( stripos( $_SERVER[ 'HTTP_REFERER' ] ,$_SERVER[ 'SERVER_NAME' ]) !== false ) { 6 // Get input 7 $pass_new = $_GET[ 'password_new' ]; 8 $pass_conf = $_GET[ 'password_conf' ]; 9 10 // Do the passwords match? 11 if( $pass_new == $pass_conf ) { 12 // They do! 13 $pass_new = ((isset($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) && is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"], $pass_new ) : ((trigger_error("[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.", E_USER_ERROR)) ? "" : "")); 14 $pass_new = md5( $pass_new ); 15 16 // Update the database 17 $insert = "UPDATE `users` SET password = '$pass_new' WHERE user = '" . dvwaCurrentUser() . "';"; 18 $result = mysqli_query($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"], $insert ) or die( '<pre>' . ((is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_error($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) : (($___mysqli_res = mysqli_connect_error()) ? $___mysqli_res : false)) . '</pre>' ); 19 20 // Feedback for the user 21 echo "<pre>Password Changed.</pre>"; 22 } 23 else { 24 // Issue with passwords matching 25 echo "<pre>Passwords did not match.</pre>"; 26 } 27 } 28 else { 29 // Didn't come from a trusted source 30 echo "<pre>That request didn't look correct.</pre>"; 31 } 32 33 ((is_null($___mysqli_res = mysqli_close($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]))) ? false : $___mysqli_res); 34 } 35 36 ?>
我们发现与low级别相比多了: if( stripos( $_SERVER[ 'HTTP_REFERER' ] ,$_SERVER[ 'SERVER_NAME' ]) !== false )
HTTP_REFERER:http包头的Referer参数的值,表示来源地址
SERVER_NAME:http包头的Host参数,即要访问的主机名
当检查到 HTTP_REFERER中包含SERVER_NAME的时候,就可以完成改密码的操作。
那么我们可以使用burp suite抓包获得参数:
此时构造一个HTML, 将文件名改为用户主机IP,放在网站根目录下打开即可成功攻击。
3、级别:High
贴上代码:
1 <?php 2 3 if( isset( $_GET[ 'Change' ] ) ) { 4 // Check Anti-CSRF token 5 checkToken( $_REQUEST[ 'user_token' ], $_SESSION[ 'session_token' ], 'index.php' ); 6 7 // Get input 8 $pass_new = $_GET[ 'password_new' ]; 9 $pass_conf = $_GET[ 'password_conf' ]; 10 11 // Do the passwords match? 12 if( $pass_new == $pass_conf ) { 13 // They do! 14 $pass_new = ((isset($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) && is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"], $pass_new ) : ((trigger_error("[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.", E_USER_ERROR)) ? "" : "")); 15 $pass_new = md5( $pass_new ); 16 17 // Update the database 18 $insert = "UPDATE `users` SET password = '$pass_new' WHERE user = '" . dvwaCurrentUser() . "';"; 19 $result = mysqli_query($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"], $insert ) or die( '<pre>' . ((is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_error($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) : (($___mysqli_res = mysqli_connect_error()) ? $___mysqli_res : false)) . '</pre>' ); 20 21 // Feedback for the user 22 echo "<pre>Password Changed.</pre>"; 23 } 24 else { 25 // Issue with passwords matching 26 echo "<pre>Passwords did not match.</pre>"; 27 } 28 29 ((is_null($___mysqli_res = mysqli_close($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]))) ? false : $___mysqli_res); 30 } 31 32 // Generate Anti-CSRF token 33 generateSessionToken(); 34 35 ?>
High级别代码加入了Anti-CSRF token机制,用户每次执行改密操作服务器都会返回一个随机的token,向服务器发送请求时需要提交token参数,服务器会优先检查token,只有token正确才会处理客户端请求,这一机制杜绝了利CSRF漏洞修改密码,需使用xss组合进行攻击。