django【第二篇】创建Django程序

步骤简介

1.创建工程 -》

　　2.配置：模板路径、静态文件路径 -》

　　　　3.额外配置(注释csrf配置)

步骤详解

创建工程

一、安装django模块

建议使用虚拟解释器

pip install -i https://pypi.doubanio.com/simple/ django //使用豆瓣源快

附：

源码  https://github.com/ecithy/django

django    
    ├─apps
    ├─bin  
    ├─conf
    ├─contrib
    ├─core
    ├─db
    ├─dispath
    ├─forms
    ├─http
    ├─middleware
    ├─template
    ├─templatetags
    ├─test
    ├─utils
    ├─views
    ├─__init__.py
    ├─__main__.py
    ├─shortcuts.py

二、创建工程

三、程序目录

"""
Django settings for mysite project.

Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 1.11.5.

For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/topics/settings/

For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/ref/settings/
"""

import os

# Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...)
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))


# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/howto/deployment/checklist/

# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = 'ad*ik64exupq-i&i2^02(^6e7-rfnfb0wu)j=qvmullepz@egz'

# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True

ALLOWED_HOSTS = []


# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
]

MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]

ROOT_URLCONF = 'mysite.urls'

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [],
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]

WSGI_APPLICATION = 'mysite.wsgi.application'


# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/ref/settings/#databases

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
        'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),
    }
}


# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators

AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
    },
]


# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/topics/i18n/

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'

TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'

USE_I18N = True

USE_L10N = True

USE_TZ = True


# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/howto/static-files/

STATIC_URL = '/static/'

TEMPLATE_DIRS = (os.path.join(BASE_DIR,  'templates'),)

from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),

]

"""
WSGI config for mysite project.

It exposes the WSGI callable as a module-level variable named ``application``.

For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/howto/deployment/wsgi/
"""

import os

from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application

os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "mysite.settings")

application = get_wsgi_application()

#!/usr/bin/env python
import os
import sys

if __name__ == "__main__":
    os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "mysite.settings")
    try:
        from django.core.management import execute_from_command_line
    except ImportError:
        # The above import may fail for some other reason. Ensure that the
        # issue is really that Django is missing to avoid masking other
        # exceptions on Python 2.
        try:
            import django
        except ImportError:
            raise ImportError(
                "Couldn't import Django. Are you sure it's installed and "
                "available on your PYTHONPATH environment variable? Did you "
                "forget to activate a virtual environment?"
            )
        raise
    execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)

四、运行并访问

返回字符串(HttpResponse)

纯字符串

from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse

def login(request):
    return HttpResponse('login')

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'^login/', login),

]

 html字符串

from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse

def login(request):
    return HttpResponse('<h1 style="color:red;">用户：<input>')

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'^login/', login),

]

返回html文件(render)

from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse, render

def login(request):
    return render(request, 'login.html')

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'^login/', login),

]

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title></title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/commons.css" />
</head>
<body>
    <h1>用户登录</h1>
    <form method="POST" action="/login/">
        <input type="text" name="user" />
        <input type="password" name="pwd" />
        <input type="submit" value="登录" />
{#        {{ msg }}#}
    </form>
</body>
</html>

h1{
    color: red;
}

- 模板路径
    template目录
    
    TEMPLATES = [
        {
            'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
            'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'template')],
            'APP_DIRS': True,
            'OPTIONS': {
                'context_processors': [
                    'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                    'django.template.context_processors.request',
                    'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                    'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
                ],
            },
        },
    ]
    
- 静态文件路径
    STATIC_URL 是 TATICFILES_DIRS 的别名
    
    STATIC_URL = '/static/'
    STATICFILES_DIRS = (
        os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'static'),
    )

            MIDDLEWARE = [
                'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
                'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
                'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
                #'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
                'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
                'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
                'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
            ]

 

实际上这是关闭了csrf中间件，开发时偷懒可以不写csrf认证，但上线后不能关闭，每个表单要加要加csrf认证

{% csrf_token %}

        beforeSend:function(xhr, settings){
            xhr.setRequestHeader("X-CSRFToken", "{{ csrf_token }}");
        },

补充

request

request.POST.get能得到GET、POST两种请求方式的值，request.GET.get只能得到GET请求方式的值

from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse, render, redirect

def login(request):
    """
    处理用户请求，并返回内容
    :param request: 用户请求相关的所有信息（对象）
    :return:
    """
    # 字符串
    # return HttpResponse('<input type="text" />')
    # return HttpResponse('login.html')
    # 自动找到模板路径下的login.html文件，读取内容并返回给用户
    # 模板路径的配置
    print(request.GET)
    if request.method == "GET":
        return render(request,'login.html')
    else:
        # 用户POST提交的数据（请求体）
        u = request.POST.get('user')
        p = request.POST.get('pwd')
        if u == 'root' and p == '123':
            # 登录成功
            return redirect('http://www.oldboyedu.com')
            # return redirect('/index/')
        else:
            # 登录失败
            return render(request,'login.html',{'msg': '用户名或密码错误'})


urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'^login/', login),


]

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title></title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/commons.css" />
</head>
<body>
    <h1>用户登录</h1>
    <form method="POST" action="/login/">
        <input type="text" name="user" />
        <input type="password" name="pwd" />
        <input type="submit" value="登录" />
        {{ msg }}
    </form>
</body>
</html>

账号填写不对显示

 render、redirect、模板语言

"""mysite URL Configuration

The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
    https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/topics/http/urls/
Examples:
Function views
    1. Add an import:  from my_app import views
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^$', views.home, name='home')
Class-based views
    1. Add an import:  from other_app.views import Home
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^$', Home.as_view(), name='home')
Including another URLconf
    1. Import the include() function: from django.conf.urls import url, include
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls'))
"""
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse, render, redirect

def login(request):
    """
    处理用户请求，并返回内容
    :param request: 用户请求相关的所有信息（对象）
    :return:
    """
    # 字符串
    # return HttpResponse('<input type="text" />')
    # return HttpResponse('login.html')
    # 自动找到模板路径下的login.html文件，读取内容并返回给用户
    # 模板路径的配置
    print(request.GET)
    if request.method == "GET":
        return render(request,'login.html')
    else:
        # 用户POST提交的数据（请求体）
        u = request.POST.get('user')
        p = request.POST.get('pwd')
        if u == 'root' and p == '123':
            # 登录成功
            return redirect('http://www.oldboyedu.com')
            # return redirect('/index/')
        else:
            # 登录失败
            return render(request,'login.html',{'msg': '用户名或密码错误'})

def index(request):
    # return HttpResponse('Index')
    return render(
        request,
        'index.html',
        {
            'name': 'alex',
            'users':['李志','李杰'],
            'user_dict':{'k1': 'v1','k2':'v2'},
            'user_list_dict': [
                {'id':1, 'name': 'alex', 'email': 'alex3714@163.com'},
                {'id':2, 'name': 'alex2', 'email': 'alex3714@1632.com'},
                {'id':3, 'name': 'alex3', 'email': 'alex3713@1632.com'},
            ]
        }
    )

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'^login/', login),
    url(r'^index/', index),

]

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title></title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>模板标记学习</h1>
    <p>{{ name }}</p>
    <p>{{ users.0 }}</p>
    <p>{{ users.1 }}</p>
    <p>{{ user_dict.k1 }}</p>
    <p>{{ user_dict.k2 }}</p>
    <h3>循环</h3>
    <ul>
        {% for item in users %}
            <li>{{ item }}</li>
        {% endfor %}
    </ul>
    <h3>循环</h3>
    <table border="1">
        {% for row in user_list_dict %}
            <tr>
                <td>{{ row.id }}</td>
                <td>{{ row.name }}</td>
                <td>{{ row.email }}</td>
                <td>
                    <a>编辑</a> | <a href="/del/?nid={{ row.id }}">删除</a>
                </td>
            </tr>
        {% endfor %}
    </table>

</body>
</html>

 Ajax(异步通信)

        jQuery
        
        
        $.ajax({
            url: '要提交的地址',
            type: 'POST', // GET或POST,提交方式
            data: {'k1': 'v1','k2':'v2'}, // 提交的数据
            success:function(data){
                // 当前服务端处理完毕后，自动执行的回调函数
                // data返回的数据
            }
        
        })