python【第十篇】自定义Web框架
socket
socket服务器
import socket
sock = socket.socket()
sock.bind(('127.0.0.1', 8080))
sock.listen(5)
while True:
conn, addr = sock.accept()
data = conn.recv(1024) # data为浏览器的请求（请求头+请求体）内容，类型为type(data)=bytes
conn.send(b"HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n\r\n")
conn.send(b'hy')
conn.close()
浏览器访问
浏览器本质是一个socket客户端
访问地址
http://127.0.0.1:8080/
请求内容（字符数为612即612字节，因此服务器一次取1024字节足够）
GET / HTTP/1.1\r\n Host: 127.0.0.1:8080\r\n Connection: keep-alive\r\n Pragma: no-cache\r\n Cache-Control: no-cache\r\n Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1\r\n User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/62.0.3202.75 Safari/537.36\r\n Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8\r\n Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br\r\n Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9\r\n Cookie: csrftoken=AmccoQlhzf9At4YXw6RGDVej7TcOCMzwvl4oR3ElSKtxlFBEBInIPSiFKGITHfrm; sessionid=elt65r87yocl51g4uiychxp46yhcyxxl; _xsrf=2|29287a7d|f4dbadc68470be9c84269330a453a416|1512198017\r\n\r\n
集成路由系统
版本一
import socket
sock = socket.socket()
sock.bind(('127.0.0.1', 8080))
sock.listen(5)
while True:
conn, addr = sock.accept()
data = conn.recv(1024)
data = str(data, encoding='utf-8')
headers, bodys = data.split('\r\n\r\n')
print(bodys)
temp_list = headers.split('\r\n')
method, url, protocal = temp_list[0].split(' ')
conn.send(b"HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n\r\n")
if url == '/':
conn.send(b'welcome')
else:
conn.send(b'<h1>404 not found</h1>')
conn.close()
版本二
import socket
def f1(request):
return b'welcome'
routers = [
('/', f1),
]
sock = socket.socket()
sock.bind(('127.0.0.1', 8080))
sock.listen(5)
while True:
conn, addr = sock.accept()
data = conn.recv(8096)
data = str(data, encoding='utf-8')
print(data)
headers, bodys = data.split('\r\n\r\n')
temp_list = headers.split('\r\n')
method, url, protocal = temp_list[0].split(' ')
conn.send(b"HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n\r\n")
func_name = None
for item in routers:
if item[0] == url:
func_name = item[1]
break
if func_name:
response = func_name(data)
else:
response = b"<h1>404 not found</h1>"
conn.send(response)
conn.close()
集成模板系统
版本一：静态模板
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title></title> </head> <body> <h1>用户登录</h1> <form> <p><input type="text" placeholder="用户名" /></p> <p><input type="password" placeholder="密码" /></p> <p><input type="submit" placeholder="提交" /></p> </form> </body> </html>
import socket def f1(request): """ 处理用户请求，并返回相应的内容 :param request: 用户请求的所有信息 :return: """ f = open('index.html', 'rb') data = f.read() f.close() return data routers = [ ('/', f1), ] sock = socket.socket() sock.bind(('127.0.0.1', 8080)) sock.listen(5) while True: conn, addr = sock.accept() data = conn.recv(8096) data = str(data, encoding='utf-8') print(data) headers, bodys = data.split('\r\n\r\n') temp_list = headers.split('\r\n') method, url, protocal = temp_list[0].split(' ') conn.send(b"HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n\r\n") func_name = None for item in routers: if item[0] == url: func_name = item[1] break if func_name: response = func_name(data) else: response = b"<h1>404 not found</h1>" conn.send(response) conn.close()
版本二：动态模板
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title></title> </head> <body> <table border="1"> <thead> <tr> <th>ID</th> <th>用户名</th> <th>邮箱</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <th>1</th> <th>@@hy@@</th> <th>root@qq.com</th> </tr> </tbody> </table> </body> </html>
import socket def f1(request): """ 处理用户请求，并返回相应的内容 :param request: 用户请求的所有信息 :return: """ f = open('index.html', 'rb') data = f.read() f.close() return data def f2(request): f = open('article.html', 'r', encoding='utf-8') data = f.read() f.close() import time ctime = time.time() data = data.replace('@@hy@@', str(ctime)) return bytes(data, encoding='utf-8') routers = [ ('/', f1), ('/article', f2), ] sock = socket.socket() sock.bind(('127.0.0.1', 8080)) sock.listen(5) while True: conn, addr = sock.accept() data = conn.recv(1024) data = str(data, encoding='utf-8') print(data) headers, bodys = data.split('\r\n\r\n') temp_list = headers.split('\r\n') method, url, protocal = temp_list[0].split(' ') conn.send(b"HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n\r\n") func_name = None for item in routers: if item[0] == url: func_name = item[1] break if func_name: response = func_name(data) else: response = b"<h1>404 not found</h1>" conn.send(response) conn.close()
版本三：动态模板 + 数据库
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title></title> </head> <body> <table border="1"> <thead> <tr> <th>ID</th> <th>用户名</th> <th>邮箱</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> @@hy@@ </tbody> </table> </body> </html>
import socket def f1(request): """ 处理用户请求，并返回相应的内容 :param request: 用户请求的所有信息 :return: """ f = open('index.html', 'rb') data = f.read() f.close() return data def f2(request): f = open('article.html', 'r', encoding='utf-8') data = f.read() f.close() import time ctime = time.time() data = data.replace('@@hy@@', str(ctime)) return bytes(data, encoding='utf-8') def f3(request): import pymysql # 创建连接 conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='root', passwd='root', db='dbtest') cursor = conn.cursor(cursor=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor) cursor.execute("select id,username,password from userinfo") user_list = cursor.fetchall() cursor.close() conn.close() content_list = [] for row in user_list: tp = "<tr><td>%s</td><td>%s</td><td>%s</td></tr>" %(row['id'],row['username'],row['password']) content_list.append(tp) content = "".join(content_list) f = open('userlist.html','r',encoding='utf-8') template = f.read() f.close() # 模板渲染（模板+数据） data = template.replace('@@hy@@',content) return bytes(data,encoding='utf-8') routers = [ ('/', f1), ('/article', f2), ('/userlist', f3), ] sock = socket.socket() sock.bind(('127.0.0.1', 8080)) sock.listen(5) while True: conn, addr = sock.accept() data = conn.recv(1024) data = str(data, encoding='utf-8') print(data) headers, bodys = data.split('\r\n\r\n') temp_list = headers.split('\r\n') method, url, protocal = temp_list[0].split(' ') conn.send(b"HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n\r\n") func_name = None for item in routers: if item[0] == url: func_name = item[1] break if func_name: response = func_name(data) else: response = b"<h1>404 not found</h1>" conn.send(response) conn.close()
版本四：动态模板+数据库+第三方模板工具
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title></title> </head> <body> <table border="1"> <thead> <tr> <th>ID</th> <th>用户名</th> <th>邮箱</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> {% for row in xxxxx %} <tr> <td>{{row.id}}</td> <td>{{row.username}}</td> <td>{{row.password}}</td> </tr> {% endfor %} </tbody> </table> {{user}} </body> </html>
import socket def f1(request): """ 处理用户请求，并返回相应的内容 :param request: 用户请求的所有信息 :return: """ f = open('index.html', 'rb') data = f.read() f.close() return data def f2(request): f = open('article.html', 'r', encoding='utf-8') data = f.read() f.close() import time ctime = time.time() data = data.replace('@@hy@@', str(ctime)) return bytes(data, encoding='utf-8') def f3(request): import pymysql # 创建连接 conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='root', passwd='root', db='dbtest') cursor = conn.cursor(cursor=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor) cursor.execute("select id,username,password from userinfo") user_list = cursor.fetchall() cursor.close() conn.close() content_list = [] for row in user_list: tp = "<tr><td>%s</td><td>%s</td><td>%s</td></tr>" % (row['id'], row['username'], row['password']) content_list.append(tp) content = "".join(content_list) f = open('userlist.html', 'r', encoding='utf-8') template = f.read() f.close() # 模板渲染（模板+数据） data = template.replace('@@hy@@', content) return bytes(data, encoding='utf-8') def f4(request): import pymysql # 创建连接 conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='root', passwd='root', db='dbtest') cursor = conn.cursor(cursor=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor) cursor.execute("select id,username,password from userinfo") user_list = cursor.fetchall() cursor.close() conn.close() f = open('hostlist.html', 'r', encoding='utf-8') data = f.read() f.close() # 基于第三方工具实现的模板渲染 from jinja2 import Template template = Template(data) data = template.render(xxxxx=user_list, user='ecithy') return data.encode('utf-8') routers = [ ('/', f1), ('/article', f2), ('/userlist', f3), ('/hostlist', f4), ] sock = socket.socket() sock.bind(('127.0.0.1', 8080)) sock.listen(5) while True: conn, addr = sock.accept() data = conn.recv(1024) data = str(data, encoding='utf-8') print(data) headers, bodys = data.split('\r\n\r\n') temp_list = headers.split('\r\n') method, url, protocal = temp_list[0].split(' ') conn.send(b"HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n\r\n") func_name = None for item in routers: if item[0] == url: func_name = item[1] break if func_name: response = func_name(data) else: response = b"<h1>404 not found</h1>" conn.send(response) conn.close()
由于jinja2模板没有render，修改源码自定制
def render(html, **kwargs): f = open(html, 'r', encoding='utf-8') data = f.read() f.close() template = Template(data) data = template.render(**kwargs) return data.encode('utf-8')
# 在以下两处添加render from jinja2.environment import render __all__ = [ 'render', ]
import socket import gevent from gevent import socket, monkey monkey.patch_all() def f1(request): """ 处理用户请求，并返回相应的内容 :param request: 用户请求的所有信息 :return: """ f = open('index.html', 'rb') data = f.read() f.close() return data def f2(request): f = open('article.html', 'r', encoding='utf-8') data = f.read() f.close() import time ctime = time.time() data = data.replace('@@hy@@', str(ctime)) return bytes(data, encoding='utf-8') def f3(request): import pymysql # 创建连接 conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='root', passwd='root', db='dbtest') cursor = conn.cursor(cursor=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor) cursor.execute("select id,username,password from userinfo") user_list = cursor.fetchall() cursor.close() conn.close() content_list = [] for row in user_list: tp = "<tr><td>%s</td><td>%s</td><td>%s</td></tr>" % (row['id'], row['username'], row['password']) content_list.append(tp) content = "".join(content_list) f = open('userlist.html', 'r', encoding='utf-8') template = f.read() f.close() # 模板渲染（模板+数据） data = template.replace('@@hy@@', content) return bytes(data, encoding='utf-8') # def render(html, **kwargs): # f = open(html, 'r', encoding='utf-8') # data = f.read() # f.close() # # # 基于第三方工具实现的模板渲染 # from jinja2 import Template # template = Template(data) # data = template.render(**kwargs) # return data.encode('utf-8') def f4(request): import pymysql # 创建连接 conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='root', passwd='root', db='dbtest') cursor = conn.cursor(cursor=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor) cursor.execute("select id,username,password from userinfo") user_list = cursor.fetchall() cursor.close() conn.close() from jinja2 import render dict = {'xxxxx': user_list, 'user': 'ecithy'} return render('hostlist.html', **dict ) # 或 eturn render('hostlist.html', xxxxx=user_list, user='ecithy') routers = [ ('/', f1), ('/article', f2), ('/userlist', f3), ('/hostlist', f4), ] def server(port): sock = socket.socket() sock.bind(('127.0.0.1', 8080)) sock.listen(5) while True: conn, addr = sock.accept() # gevent实现异步socket gevent.spawn(handle_request, conn) def handle_request(conn): try: data = conn.recv(1024) data = str(data, encoding='utf-8') if not data: conn.shutdown(socket.SHUT_WR) headers, bodys = data.split('\r\n\r\n') temp_list = headers.split('\r\n') method, url, protocal = temp_list[0].split(' ') conn.send(b"HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n\r\n") func_name = None for item in routers: if item[0] == url: func_name = item[1] break if func_name: response = func_name(data) else: response = b"<h1>404 not found</h1>" conn.send(response) except Exception as ex: print(ex) finally: conn.close() if __name__ == '__main__': server(8080)
版本五：动态模板+原生数据库+jinja2（自定制render）+异步socket
import socket import gevent from gevent import socket, monkey from jinja2 import render monkey.patch_all() def f1(request): """ 处理用户请求，并返回相应的内容 :param request: 用户请求的所有信息 :return: """ return render('index.html') def f2(request): import time ctime = time.time() return render('article.html', hy=str(ctime)) def f3(request): import pymysql # 创建连接 conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='root', passwd='root', db='dbtest') cursor = conn.cursor(cursor=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor) cursor.execute("select id,username,password from userinfo") user_list = cursor.fetchall() cursor.close() conn.close() content_list = [] for row in user_list: tp = "<tr><td>%s</td><td>%s</td><td>%s</td></tr>" % (row['id'], row['username'], row['password']) content_list.append(tp) content = "".join(content_list) return render('userlist.html', hy=content) def f4(request): import pymysql # 创建连接 conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='root', passwd='root', db='dbtest') cursor = conn.cursor(cursor=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor) cursor.execute("select id,username,password from userinfo") user_list = cursor.fetchall() cursor.close() conn.close() dict = {'xxxxx': user_list, 'user': 'ecithy'} return render('hostlist.html', **dict) routers = [ ('/', f1), ('/article', f2), ('/userlist', f3), ('/hostlist', f4), ] def server(port): sock = socket.socket() sock.bind(('127.0.0.1', 8080)) sock.listen(5) while True: conn, addr = sock.accept() # gevent实现异步socket gevent.spawn(handle_request, conn) def handle_request(conn): try: data = conn.recv(1024) data = str(data, encoding='utf-8') if not data: conn.shutdown(socket.SHUT_WR) headers, bodys = data.split('\r\n\r\n') temp_list = headers.split('\r\n') method, url, protocal = temp_list[0].split(' ') conn.send(b"HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n\r\n") func_name = None for item in routers: if item[0] == url: func_name = item[1] break if func_name: response = func_name(data) else: response = b"<h1>404 not found</h1>" conn.send(response) except Exception as ex: print(ex) finally: conn.close() if __name__ == '__main__': server(8080)
集成orm
# coding:utf-8 __author__ = 'hy' from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, String, create_engine, UniqueConstraint from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker engine = create_engine("mysql+pymysql://root:root@127.0.0.1:3306/dbtest?charset=utf8", max_overflow=5) Base = declarative_base() class User(Base): # 表的名字: __tablename__ = 'user' # 表的结构: id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True) username = Column(String(32)) password = Column(String(32)) __table_args__ = ( UniqueConstraint('username', 'password', name='uix_id_name'), ) def init_table(): ''' 创建表 :return: ''' Base.metadata.create_all(engine) def drop_table(): ''' 删除表 :return: ''' Base.metadata.drop_all(engine)
import socket import gevent from gevent import socket, monkey from jinja2 import render from models import User, engine, sessionmaker # from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker monkey.patch_all() def f1(request): """ 处理用户请求，并返回相应的内容 :param request: 用户请求的所有信息 :return: """ return render('index.html') def f2(request): import time ctime = time.time() return render('article.html', hy=str(ctime)) def f3(request): import pymysql # 创建连接 conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='root', passwd='root', db='dbtest') cursor = conn.cursor(cursor=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor) cursor.execute("select id,username,password from userinfo") user_list = cursor.fetchall() cursor.close() conn.close() content_list = [] for row in user_list: tp = "<tr><td>%s</td><td>%s</td><td>%s</td></tr>" % (row['id'], row['username'], row['password']) content_list.append(tp) content = "".join(content_list) return render('userlist.html', hy=content) def objs_to_dicts(objs): '''把对象列表转换为字典列表''' obj_arr = [] for obj in objs: # 把Object对象转换成Dict对象 dict = {} dict.update(obj.__dict__) obj_arr.append(dict) return obj_arr def f4(request): Session = sessionmaker(bind=engine) session = Session() user_list = session.query(User).all() user_list = objs_to_dicts(user_list) session.commit() session.close() dict = {'xxxxx': user_list, 'user': 'ecithy'} return render('hostlist.html', **dict) routers = [ ('/', f1), ('/article', f2), ('/userlist', f3), ('/hostlist', f4), ] def server(port): sock = socket.socket() sock.bind(('127.0.0.1', 8080)) sock.listen(5) while True: conn, addr = sock.accept() # gevent实现异步socket gevent.spawn(handle_request, conn) def handle_request(conn): try: data = conn.recv(1024) data = str(data, encoding='utf-8') if not data: conn.shutdown(socket.SHUT_WR) headers, bodys = data.split('\r\n\r\n') temp_list = headers.split('\r\n') method, url, protocal = temp_list[0].split(' ') conn.send(b"HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n\r\n") func_name = None for item in routers: if item[0] == url: func_name = item[1] break if func_name: response = func_name(data) else: response = b"<h1>404 not found</h1>" conn.send(response) except Exception as ex: print(ex) finally: conn.close() if __name__ == '__main__': server(8080)
谢谢
