使用POI导出百万级数据到excel的解决方案
1.HSSFWorkbook 和SXSSFWorkbook区别
HSSFWorkbook:是操作Excel2003以前(包括2003)的版本,扩展名是.xls,一张表最大支持65536行数据,256列,也就是说一个sheet页,最多导出6w多条数据
XSSFWorkbook:是操作Excel2007-2010的版本,扩展名是.xlsx对于不同版本的EXCEL文档要使用不同的工具类,如果使用错了,
会提示如下错误信息。
org.apache.poi.openxml4j.exceptions.InvalidOperationException
org.apache.poi.poifs.filesystem.OfficeXmlFileException
它的一张表最大支持1048576行,16384列,关于两者介绍,对下面导出百万数据很重要,不要使用错了!
2.使用SXSSFWorkbook对象,导出百万数据
SXSSFWorkbook使用方法和 HSSFWorkbook差不多,如果你之前和我一样用的HSSFWorkbook,现在想要修改,则只需要将HSSFWorkbook改成SXSSFWorkbook即可,下面有我介绍,具体使用也可参考API。
因项目业务,需要导出百万级数据到excel,在研究了各种方案后,最终确定了用POI的SXSSFWorkbook。
SXSSFWorkbook是POI3.8以上新增的,excel2007后每个sheet支持104万行数据。
3.如何将百万数据分成多个sheet页,导出到excel
导出百万数据到excel,很简单,只需要将原来的HSSFWorkbook修改成SXSSFWorkbook,或者直接使用SXSSFWorkbook对象,它是直接用来导出大数据用的,官方文档 有介绍,但是如果有300w条数据,一下导入一个excel的sheet页中,想想打开excel也需要一段时间吧,慢的话有可能导致程序无法加载,或者直接结束进程的情况发生
4.先看导出后的效果
由于百万数据太长了,这里只截取尾部效果图
5.下面是Java代码部分
/** * 使用 SXSSFWorkbook 对象实现excel导出 * (一般是导出百万级数据的excel) */ public void exportBigDataExcel() { long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); //开始时间 System.out.println("start execute time: " + startTime); // 1.创建工作簿 // 阈值,内存中的对象数量最大值,超过这个值会生成一个临时文件存放到硬盘中 SXSSFWorkbook wb = new SXSSFWorkbook(1000); //2.在Workbook中添加一个sheet,对应Excel文件中的sheet Sheet sheet = wb.createSheet(); //3.设置样式以及字体样式 CellStyle titleCellStyle = createTitleCellStyle(wb); CellStyle headCellStyle = createHeadCellStyle(wb); CellStyle cellStyle = createCellStyle(wb); //4.创建标题、表头,内容和合并单元格等操作 int rowNum = 0;// 行号 // 创建第一行,索引从0开始 Row row0 = sheet.createRow(rowNum++); row0.setHeight((short) 800);// 设置行高 String title = "这里是标题标题标题"; Cell c00 = row0.createCell(0); c00.setCellValue(title); c00.setCellStyle(titleCellStyle); // 合并单元格,参数依次为起始行,结束行,起始列,结束列 (索引0开始) sheet.addMergedRegion(new CellRangeAddress(0, 0, 0, 6));//标题合并单元格操作,6为总列数 // 第二行 Row row1 = sheet.createRow(rowNum++); row1.setHeight((short) 500); String[] row_first = {"填表单位:", "", "", "", "", " xxxx年第x季度 ", ""}; for (int i = 0; i < row_first.length; i++) { Cell tempCell = row1.createCell(i); tempCell.setCellStyle(headCellStyle); if (i == 0) { tempCell.setCellValue(row_first[i] + "测试单位"); } else if (i == 5) { tempCell.setCellStyle(headCellStyle); tempCell.setCellValue(row_first[i]); } else { tempCell.setCellValue(row_first[i]); } } // 合并 sheet.addMergedRegion(new CellRangeAddress(1, 1, 0, 4)); sheet.addMergedRegion(new CellRangeAddress(1, 1, 5, 6)); //第三行 Row row2 = sheet.createRow(rowNum++); row2.setHeight((short) 700); String[] row_second = {"名称", "采集情况", "", "", "登记情况", "", "备注"}; for (int i = 0; i < row_second.length; i++) { Cell tempCell = row2.createCell(i); tempCell.setCellValue(row_second[i]); tempCell.setCellStyle(headCellStyle); } // 合并 sheet.addMergedRegion(new CellRangeAddress(2, 3, 0, 0));//名称 sheet.addMergedRegion(new CellRangeAddress(2, 2, 1, 3));//人数情况 sheet.addMergedRegion(new CellRangeAddress(2, 2, 4, 5));//登记情况 sheet.addMergedRegion(new CellRangeAddress(2, 3, 6, 6));//备注 //第三行 Row row3 = sheet.createRow(rowNum++); row3.setHeight((short) 700); String[] row_third = {"", "登记数(人)", "办证总数(人)", "办证率(%)", "登记户数(户)", "登记时间", ""}; for (int i = 0; i < row_third.length; i++) { Cell tempCell = row3.createCell(i); tempCell.setCellValue(row_third[i]); tempCell.setCellStyle(headCellStyle); } // 数据处理(创建100万条测试数据) List<Map<String, Object>> dataList = new ArrayList<Map<String, Object>>(); for (int i = 0; i < 999999; i++) { Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<String,Object>(); map.put("name", "测试名称" + i); map.put("r1", "111"); map.put("r2", "222"); map.put("r3", "333"); map.put("r4", "444"); map.put("addTime", new DateTime()); map.put("r6", "这里是备注"+i); dataList.add(map); } for (Map<String, Object> excelData : dataList) { Row tempRow = sheet.createRow(rowNum++); tempRow.setHeight((short) 500); // 循环单元格填入数据 for (int j = 0; j < 7; j++) { Cell tempCell = tempRow.createCell(j); tempCell.setCellStyle(cellStyle); String tempValue; if (j == 0) { // 乡镇、街道名称 tempValue = excelData.get("name").toString(); } else if (j == 1) { // 登记数(人) tempValue = excelData.get("r1").toString(); } else if (j == 2) { // 办证总数(人) tempValue = excelData.get("r2").toString(); } else if (j == 3) { // 办证率(%) tempValue = excelData.get("r3").toString(); } else if (j == 4) { // 登记户数(户) tempValue = excelData.get("r4").toString(); } else if (j == 5) { // 登记日期 tempValue = excelData.get("addTime").toString(); } else { // 备注 tempValue = excelData.get("r6").toString(); } tempCell.setCellValue(tempValue); // sheet.autoSizeColumn(j);// 根据内容自动调整列宽, } } //设置列宽,必须在单元格设值以后进行 sheet.setColumnWidth(0, 4000);//名称 sheet.setColumnWidth(1, 3000);//登记数(人) sheet.setColumnWidth(2, 3000);//办证总数(人) sheet.setColumnWidth(3, 3000);//办证率(%) sheet.setColumnWidth(4, 3000);//登记户数(户) sheet.setColumnWidth(5, 6000);//登记时间 sheet.setColumnWidth(6, 4000);//备注 // 注释行 Row remark = sheet.createRow(rowNum++); remark.setHeight((short) 500); String[] row_remark = {"注:表中的“办证率=办证总数÷登记数×100%”", "", "", "", "", "", ""}; for (int i = 0; i < row_remark.length; i++) { Cell tempCell = remark.createCell(i); if (i == 0) { tempCell.setCellStyle(headCellStyle); } else { tempCell.setCellStyle(cellStyle); } tempCell.setCellValue(row_remark[i]); } int remarkRowNum = dataList.size() + 4; sheet.addMergedRegion(new CellRangeAddress(remarkRowNum, remarkRowNum, 0, 6));//注释行合并单元格 // 尾行 Row foot = sheet.createRow(rowNum++); foot.setHeight((short) 500); String[] row_foot = {"审核人:", "", "填表人:", "", "填表时间:", "", ""}; for (int i = 0; i < row_foot.length; i++) { Cell tempCell = foot.createCell(i); tempCell.setCellStyle(cellStyle); if (i == 0) { tempCell.setCellValue(row_foot[i] + "张三"); } else if (i == 2) { tempCell.setCellValue(row_foot[i] + "李四"); } else if (i == 4) { tempCell.setCellValue(row_foot[i] + "xxxx"); } else { tempCell.setCellValue(row_foot[i]); } } int footRowNum = dataList.size() + 5; // 注 sheet.addMergedRegion(new CellRangeAddress(footRowNum, footRowNum, 0, 1)); sheet.addMergedRegion(new CellRangeAddress(footRowNum, footRowNum, 2, 3)); sheet.addMergedRegion(new CellRangeAddress(footRowNum, footRowNum, 4, 6)); long finishedTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); //处理完成时间 System.out.println("finished execute time: " + (finishedTime - startTime)/1000 + "m"); //导出 HttpServletResponse response = this.getResponse(); String fileName = "报表文件名称.xlsx"; try { fileName = new String(fileName.getBytes("UTF-8"), "ISO-8859-1"); response.setHeader("Content-disposition", "attachment;filename=\"" + fileName + "\""); OutputStream stream = response.getOutputStream(); if (null != wb && null != stream) { wb.write(stream);// 将数据写出去 wb.close(); stream.close(); long stopTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); //写文件时间 System.out.println("write xlsx file time: " + (stopTime - startTime)/1000 + "m"); } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }
CellStyle标题,表头,内容样式代码:
private static CellStyle createTitleCellStyle(Workbook workbook) { CellStyle cellStyle = workbook.createCellStyle(); cellStyle.setAlignment(HorizontalAlignment.CENTER); cellStyle.setVerticalAlignment(VerticalAlignment.CENTER); cellStyle.setBorderBottom(BorderStyle.THIN); cellStyle.setBottomBorderColor(IndexedColors.BLACK.index); cellStyle.setBorderLeft(BorderStyle.THIN); cellStyle.setLeftBorderColor(IndexedColors.BLACK.index); cellStyle.setBorderRight(BorderStyle.THIN); cellStyle.setRightBorderColor(IndexedColors.BLACK.index); cellStyle.setBorderTop(BorderStyle.THIN); cellStyle.setTopBorderColor(IndexedColors.BLACK.index); cellStyle.setFillForegroundColor(IndexedColors.GREY_40_PERCENT.index); cellStyle.setFillPattern(FillPatternType.SOLID_FOREGROUND); return cellStyle; }
private static CellStyle createHeadCellStyle(Workbook workbook) { CellStyle cellStyle = workbook.createCellStyle(); cellStyle.setAlignment(HorizontalAlignment.CENTER); cellStyle.setVerticalAlignment(VerticalAlignment.CENTER); cellStyle.setBorderBottom(BorderStyle.THIN); cellStyle.setBottomBorderColor(IndexedColors.BLACK.index); cellStyle.setBorderLeft(BorderStyle.THIN); cellStyle.setLeftBorderColor(IndexedColors.BLACK.index); cellStyle.setBorderRight(BorderStyle.THIN); cellStyle.setRightBorderColor(IndexedColors.BLACK.index); cellStyle.setBorderTop(BorderStyle.THIN); cellStyle.setTopBorderColor(IndexedColors.BLACK.index); cellStyle.setFillForegroundColor(IndexedColors.GREY_25_PERCENT.index); cellStyle.setFillPattern(FillPatternType.SOLID_FOREGROUND); return cellStyle; }
private static CellStyle createCellStyle(Workbook workbook) { CellStyle cellStyle = workbook.createCellStyle(); cellStyle.setAlignment(HorizontalAlignment.CENTER); cellStyle.setVerticalAlignment(VerticalAlignment.CENTER); cellStyle.setBorderBottom(BorderStyle.THIN); cellStyle.setBottomBorderColor(IndexedColors.BLACK.index); cellStyle.setBorderLeft(BorderStyle.THIN); cellStyle.setLeftBorderColor(IndexedColors.BLACK.index); cellStyle.setBorderRight(BorderStyle.THIN); cellStyle.setRightBorderColor(IndexedColors.BLACK.index); cellStyle.setBorderTop(BorderStyle.THIN); cellStyle.setTopBorderColor(IndexedColors.BLACK.index); return cellStyle; }
完毕!good luck!