SpringBoot数据库访问(一)--------关系型数据库访问(RDBMS)
关系型数据库访问(RDBMS)
采用JdbcTemplate、MyBatis、JPA、Hibernate等技术。
一、JdbcTemplate工具
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在pom.xml添加boot-starter-jdbc定义
<parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>1.4.7.RELEASE</version> </parent> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding> <java.version>1.8</java.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency><!-- jdbc --> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.oracle</groupId><!-- oracle的版本--> <artifactId>ojdbc6</artifactId> <version>11.2.0.3</version> </dependency> </dependencies>
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在application.properties添加链接参数定义
spring.datasource.username=SCOTT spring.datasource.password=TIGER spring.datasource.url=jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:XE spring.datasource.driverClassName=oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver
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根据DEPT表编写Dept实体类
public class Dept implements Serializable{ private Integer deptno; private String dname; private String loc; //set和get省略 }
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定义DeptDao接口
public interface DeptDao { public List<Dept> findAll(); }
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定义JdbcDeptDao实现类
@Repository("deptDao") public class JdbcDeptDao implements DeptDao { @Autowired private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate; public List<Dept> findAll() { String sql = "select * from DEPT"; //BeanPropertyRowMapper功能同名加载。查询结果集列名和实体类属性名一致,类似写了一个Maper RowMapper<Dept> rowMapper = new BeanPropertyRowMapper<Dept>(Dept.class); List<Dept> list = jdbcTemplate.query(sql, rowMapper); return list; } }
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定义主启动类,开启自动配置和扫描等功能
@SpringBootApplication public class MyBootApplication { }
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测试程序
public static void main(String[] args) { ApplicationContext ac = SpringApplication.run(MyBootApplication.class); DeptDao deptDao = ac.getBean("deptDao",DeptDao.class); List<Dept> list = deptDao.findAll(); for(Dept dept:list){ System.out.println(dept.getDeptno() +" "+dept.getDname()+" "+dept.getLoc()); } }
二、MyBatis工具
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在pom.xml添加boot-starter-jdbc、mybatis-boot定义
<parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>1.4.7.RELEASE</version> </parent> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding> <java.version>1.8</java.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.oracle</groupId> <artifactId>ojdbc6</artifactId> <version>11.2.0.3</version> </dependency> <!-- mybatis、mybatis-spring、autocofigurer --> <dependency> <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId> <version>1.3.0</version> </dependency> </dependencies>
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在application.properties添加数据库连接参数定义
spring.datasource.username=SCOTT spring.datasource.password=TIGER spring.datasource.url=jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:XE spring.datasource.driverClassName=oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver
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根据DEPT表定义Dept实体类
同上
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定义Mapper映射器DeptDao接口、利用注解定义SQL
public interface DeptDao { @Select("select * from DEPT") public List<Dept> selectAll(); @Select("select * form DEPT where DEPTNO=#{no}") public Dept selectById(int id); @Insert("insert into DEPT(DEPTNO,DNAME,LOC) values (#{deptno},#{dname},#{loc})") public void save(Dept dept); }
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定义主启动类,添加MapperScan标记
@SpringBootApplication @MapperScan(basePackages={"cn.xdl.dao"}) //扫描指定包中的dao类 public class MyBootApplication { }
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测试程序
public static void main(String[] args) { ApplicationContext ac = SpringApplication.run(MyBootApplication.class, args); DeptDao deptDao = ac.getBean("deptDao",DeptDao.class); List<Dept> list = deptDao.selectAll(); for(Dept dept:list){ System.out.println(dept.getDeptno()+" "+dept.getDname()); } }
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追加pageHelper分页处理
<dependency> <groupId>com.github.pagehelper</groupId> <artifactId>pagehelper-spring-boot-starter</artifactId> <version>1.2.3</version> </dependency> <!-- 指定添加一个分页组件pageHelp-->
然后在调用查询方法前,执行下PageHelper.startPage()方法即可
PageHelper.startPage(2, 3); List<Dept> list = deptDao.selectAll();
Mybatis使用注意问题:
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SQL参数使用#{}和${}的区别
- 采用#{}格式,预编译SQL执行机制,SQL发送时采用?
- ${}采用Statement执行机制,参数值拼到SQL中
- SQL字段值位置使用#{},字段名或表名位置使用${}
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异常:"无效列类型:1111"
参数#{}遇到null值情况,会提示上述异常。在可能为null参数位置,使用#{}时,需要指定jdbcType属性,例如#{xx,jdbcType=XXX}
三、JPA工具
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在pom.xml追加boot-jdbc、boot-data-jpa包定义
<parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version> </parent> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding> <java.version>1.8</java.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.oracle</groupId> <artifactId>ojdbc6</artifactId> <version>11.2.0.3</version> </dependency> <!-- jpa --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><!-- 导入jpa的jar包 --> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies>
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在application.properties文件追加数据库连接参数定义
spring.datasource.username=SCOTT spring.datasource.password=TIGER spring.datasource.url=jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:XE spring.datasource.driverClassName=oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver
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根据DEPT表编写Dept实体类,并追加映射注解标记
@Entity //标识为实体类 @Table(name="DEPT") //标识为数据库中的表名 public class Dept implements Serializable{ @Id //指定前的字段为主键 @Column(name="DEPTNO") //指定目标字段与当前字段相同 private Integer deptno; @Column(name="DNAME") private String dname; @Column(name="LOC") private String loc; //省略set和get方法 }
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定义DeptDao接口,可以继承JpaRepository
public interface DeptDao extends JpaRepository<Dept, Integer>{ }
Repository:顶级接口,无任何操作
CrudRepository:继承了Repository,增加了增删改查操作方法
PagingAndSortingRepository:继承CrudRepository,增加了分页和排序操作
JpaRepository:继承了PagingAndSortingRepository,增加批处理操作
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测试程序
public static void main(String[] args) { ApplicationContext ac = SpringApplication.run(MyBootApplication.class, args); DeptDao deptDao = ac.getBean("deptDao",DeptDao.class); List<Dept> list = deptDao.findAll(); for(Dept dept:list){ System.out.println(dept.getDeptno()+" "+dept.getDname()); } }
Sql语句中常用连接词四、Hibernate工具(后续讲解)
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未完待续.........
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