二进制部署K8S v1.27.x

1.1 系统环境
系统：

cat /etc/hosts
----
10.20.224.60 n60

10.20.224.61 n61

10.20.224.62 n62
-----

n60 做为 master 部署
n61、n62 作为worker 节点
1.2 下载工具准备
1.下载kubernetes1.27.+的二进制包
github二进制包下载地址：https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-1.27.md
wget https://dl.k8s.io/v1.27.1/kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
2.下载etcdctl二进制包
github二进制包下载地址：https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases
wget https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases/download/v3.5.8/etcd-v3.5.8-linux-amd64.tar.gz
3.docker-ce二进制包下载地址
二进制包下载地址：https://download.docker.com/linux/static/stable/x86_64/
这里需要下载20.10.+版本
wget https://download.docker.com/linux/static/stable/x86_64/docker-20.10.23.tgz

4.下载cri-docker
二进制包下载地址：https://github.com/Mirantis/cri-dockerd/releases/
wget https://ghproxy.com/https://github.com/Mirantis/cri-dockerd/releases/download/v0.2.6/cri-dockerd-0.2.6.amd64.tgz

5.containerd二进制包下载
github下载地址：https://github.com/containerd/containerd/releases
containerd下载时下载带cni插件的二进制包。
wget https://github.com/containerd/containerd/releases/download/v1.6.6/cri-containerd-cni-1.6.6-linux-amd64.tar.gz

6.下载cfssl二进制包
github二进制包下载地址：https://github.com/cloudflare/cfssl/releases
wget https://github.com/cloudflare/cfssl/releases/download/v1.6.1/cfssl_1.6.1_linux_amd64
wget https://github.com/cloudflare/cfssl/releases/download/v1.6.1/cfssljson_1.6.1_linux_amd64
wget https://github.com/cloudflare/cfssl/releases/download/v1.6.1/cfssl-certinfo_1.6.1_linux_amd64
7.cni插件下载
github下载地址：https://github.com/containernetworking/plugins/releases
wget https://github.com/containernetworking/plugins/releases/download/v1.1.1/cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v1.1.1.tgz
8.crictl客户端二进制下载
github下载：https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/cri-tools/releases
wget https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/cri-tools/releases/download/v1.24.2/crictl-v1.24.2-linux-amd64.tar.gz
1.3系统初始化

# 安装依赖包
yum -y install wget jq psmisc vim net-tools nfs-utils telnet yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2 git network-scripts tar curl -y
# 关闭防火墙 与selinux 
systemctl disable --now firewalld 
setenforce 0
sed -i 's#SELINUX=enforcing#SELINUX=disabled#g' /etc/selinux/config
# 关闭交换分区
sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab
swapoff -a && sysctl -w vm.swappiness=0
# 配置系统句柄数
ulimit -SHn 65535
cat >> /etc/security/limits.conf <<EOF
* soft nofile 655360
* hard nofile 131072
* soft nproc 655350
* hard nproc 655350
* seft memlock unlimited
* hard memlock unlimitedd
EOF

启用ipvs
yum install ipvsadm ipset sysstat conntrack libseccomp -y
mkdir -p /etc/modules-load.d/
cat >> /etc/modules-load.d/ipvs.conf <<EOF 
ip_vs
ip_vs_rr
ip_vs_wrr
ip_vs_sh
nf_conntrack
ip_tables
ip_set
xt_set
ipt_set
ipt_rpfilter
ipt_REJECT
ipip
EOF
 systemctl restart systemd-modules-load.service
 lsmod | grep -e ip_vs -e nf_conntrack
ip_vs_sh               16384  0
ip_vs_wrr              16384  0
ip_vs_rr               16384  0
ip_vs                 180224  6 ip_vs_rr,ip_vs_sh,ip_vs_wrr
nf_conntrack          176128  1 ip_vs
nf_defrag_ipv6         24576  2 nf_conntrack,ip_vs
nf_defrag_ipv4         16384  1 nf_conntrack

1.4 修改内核参数

cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf <<EOF
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
vm.overcommit_memory = 1
vm.panic_on_oom = 0
fs.inotify.max_user_watches = 89100
fs.file-max = 52706963
fs.nr_open = 52706963
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max = 2310720
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 600
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes = 3
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl = 15
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 36000
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 327680
net.ipv4.tcp_orphan_retries = 3
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 16384
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 16384
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0
net.core.somaxconn = 16384
net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6 = 0
net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6 = 0
net.ipv6.conf.lo.disable_ipv6 = 0
net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding = 1
EOF

1.5 所有节点安装containerd

### 加载 containerd模块
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/modules-load.d/containerd.conf
overlay
br_netfilter
EOF
systemctl restart systemd-modules-load.service
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/sysctl.d/99-kubernetes-cri.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables  = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward                 = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
EOF
 # 加载内核
 sysctl --system
获取阿里云YUM源
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
查看YUM源中Containerd软件
# yum list | grep containerd
containerd.io.x86_64                        1.4.12-3.1.el7             docker-ce-stable
下载安装：
yum install -y containerd.io

1.6 配置containerd 的服务

生成containerd的配置文件
mkdir /etc/containerd -p 
生成配置文件
containerd config default > /etc/containerd/config.toml
编辑配置文件
vim /etc/containerd/config.toml
-----
SystemdCgroup = false 改为 SystemdCgroup = true
# sandbox_image = "k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.6"
改为：
sandbox_image = "registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.6"
------
# systemctl enable containerd
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/containerd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/containerd.service.
# systemctl start containerd
ctr version
runc -version

二：部署etcd 服务

2.1 设置关于签名证书

下载：
wget https://github.com/cloudflare/cfssl/releases/download/v1.6.1/cfssl_1.6.2_linux_amd64
wget https://github.com/cloudflare/cfssl/releases/download/v1.6.1/cfssljson_1.6.2_linux_amd64
wget https://github.com/cloudflare/cfssl/releases/download/v1.6.1/cfssl-certinfo_1.6.1_linux_amd64
mv cfssl_1.6.1_linux_amd64  /usr/bin/cfssl
mv cfssljson_1.6.1_linux_amd64 /usr/bin/cfssljson
mv cfssl-certinfo_1.6.1_linux_amd64 /usr/bin/cfssl-certinfo
chmod +x /usr/bin/cfssl*

mkdir -p ~/TLS/{etcd,k8s}
cd ~/TLS/etcd
#自签CA：
cat > ca-config.json << EOF
{
  "signing": {
    "default": {
      "expiry": "876000h"
    },
    "profiles": {
      "www": {
         "expiry": "876000h",
         "usages": [
            "signing",
            "key encipherment",
            "server auth",
            "client auth"
        ]
      }
    }
  }
}
EOF
cat > ca-csr.json << EOF
{
    "CN": "etcd CA",
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "Beijing",
            "ST": "Beijing"
        }
    ]
}
EOF
#生成证书：
cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -
#会生成ca.pem和ca-key.pem文件

#使用自签CA签发Etcd HTTPS证书
#创建证书申请文件：
cat > server-csr.json << EOF
{
    "CN": "etcd",
    "hosts": [
    "10.20.224.60"
       ],
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "BeiJing",
            "ST": "BeiJing"
        }
    ]
}
EOF
#注：上述文件hosts字段中IP为所有etcd节点的集群内部通信IP，一个都不能少！为了方便后期扩容可以多写几个预留的IP。
#生成证书：
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=www server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server
#会生成server.pem和server-key.pem文件。

2.2 安装etcd

1. Etcd 的概念：
Etcd 是一个分布式键值存储系统，Kubernetes使用Etcd进行数据存储，所以先准备一个Etcd数据库，为解决Etcd单点故障，应采用集群方式部署，这里使用3台组建集群，可容忍1台机器故障，当然，你也可以使用5台组建集群，可容忍2台机器故障。
下载地址： https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases
以下在节点n60上操作
2. 安装配置etcd
mkdir /opt/etcd/{bin,cfg,ssl} -p
tar zxvf etcd-v3.5.8-linux-amd64.tar.gz
mv etcd-v3.5.8-linux-amd64/{etcd,etcdctl} /opt/etcd/bin/

#n60 etcd 配置文件
cat > /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf << EOF

#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd-n60"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/opt/etcd/data"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://10.20.224.60:2379"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://10.20.224.60:2379"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://10.20.224.60:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://10.20.224.60:2380"
ETCD_ENABLE_V2="true"

EOF

3. systemd管理etcd
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Etcd Server
After=network.target
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target
[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=/opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf
ExecStart=/opt/etcd/bin/etcd \
--cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
--peer-cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--peer-key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
--trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--peer-trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--logger=zap
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

#拷贝刚才生成的证书
#把刚才生成的证书拷贝到配置文件中的路径：
cp ~/TLS/etcd/ca*pem ~/TLS/etcd/server*pem /opt/etcd/ssl/
#启动etcd:

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start etcd
systemctl enable etcd

#验证：
ETCDCTL_API=3 /opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl --cacert=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --cert=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem --key=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem --endpoints="https://10.20.224.60:2379" endpoint health --write-out=table

三：部署k8s1.27.x

3.1 k8s 1.27.x 最新版本下载

1. 从Github下载二进制文件
下载地址：
https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-1.27.md
注：打开链接你会发现里面有很多包，下载一个server包就够了，包含了Master和Worker Node二进制文件。

3.2 生成k8s1.27.x 证书

#创建k8s 的kube-apiserver证书
cd ~/TLS/k8s
cat > ca-config.json << EOF
{
  "signing": {
    "default": {
      "expiry": "876000h"
    },
    "profiles": {
      "kubernetes": {
         "expiry": "876000h",
         "usages": [
            "signing",
            "key encipherment",
            "server auth",
            "client auth"
        ]
      }
    }
  }
}
EOF
cat > ca-csr.json << EOF
{
    "CN": "kubernetes",
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "Beijing",
            "ST": "Beijing",
            "O": "k8s",
            "OU": "System"
        }
    ]
}
EOF
#生成证书：
cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -
#会生成ca.pem和ca-key.pem文件。

#使用自签CA签发kube-apiserver HTTPS证书
#创建证书申请文件：
cat > server-csr.json << EOF
{
    "CN": "kubernetes",
    "hosts": [
      "127.0.0.1",
      "10.255.255.1",
      "10.20.224.60",
      "kubernetes",
      "kubernetes.default",
      "kubernetes.default.svc",
      "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster",
      "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local"
    ],
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "BeiJing",
            "ST": "BeiJing",
            "O": "k8s",
            "OU": "System"
        }
    ]
}
EOF
#注：上述文件hosts字段中IP为所有Master/LB/VIP IP，一个都不能少！为了方便后期扩容可以多写几个预留的IP。
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server
#会生成server.pem和server-key.pem文件。

3.3 安装k8s 1.27.x

#部署k8s1.27.1 
#解压二进制包
mkdir -p /opt/kubernetes/{bin,cfg,ssl,logs} 
tar -zxvf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar
cd kubernetes/server/bin
cp kube-apiserver kube-scheduler kube-controller-manager /opt/kubernetes/bin
cp kubectl /usr/bin/

#部署kube-apiserver
#创建配置文件

cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver.conf << EOF
-----
KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS="--enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,NodeRestriction,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,DefaultStorageClass,ResourceQuota \
--v=2 \
--etcd-servers=https://10.20.224.60:2379 \
--bind-address=10.20.224.60 \
--secure-port=6443 \
--advertise-address=10.20.224.60 \
--allow-privileged=true \
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.255.255.0/24 \
--authorization-mode=RBAC,Node \
--enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true \
--token-auth-file=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv \
--service-node-port-range=30000-32767 \
--kubelet-client-certificate=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem \
--kubelet-client-key=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \
--tls-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem \
--tls-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \
--client-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--service-account-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \
--service-account-issuer=api \
--service-account-signing-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \
--etcd-cafile=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--etcd-certfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--etcd-keyfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
--requestheader-client-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--proxy-client-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem \
--proxy-client-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \
--requestheader-allowed-names=kubernetes \
--requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra- \
--requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group \
--requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User \
--enable-aggregator-routing=true \
--audit-log-maxage=30 \
--audit-log-maxbackup=3 \
--audit-log-maxsize=100 \
--service-account-issuer=https://kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local \
--kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname \
--audit-log-path=/opt/kubernetes/logs/k8s-audit.log"
------
EOF

注：上面两个\ \ 第一个是转义符，第二个是换行符，使用转义符是为了使用EOF保留换行符。
• ---v：日志等级
• --etcd-servers：etcd集群地址
• --bind-address：监听地址
• --secure-port：https安全端口
• --advertise-address：集群通告地址
• --allow-privileged：启用授权
• --service-cluster-ip-range：Service虚拟IP地址段
• --enable-admission-plugins：准入控制模块
• --authorization-mode：认证授权，启用RBAC授权和节点自管理
• --enable-bootstrap-token-auth：启用TLS bootstrap机制
• --token-auth-file：bootstrap token文件
• --service-node-port-range：Service nodeport类型默认分配端口范围
• --kubelet-client-xxx：apiserver访问kubelet客户端证书
• --tls-xxx-file：apiserver https证书
• 1.20版本必须加的参数：--service-account-issuer，--service-account-signing-key-file
• --etcd-xxxfile：连接Etcd集群证书
• --audit-log-xxx：审计日志
• 启动聚合层相关配置：--requestheader-client-ca-file，--proxy-client-cert-file，--proxy-client-key-file，--requestheader-allowed-names，--requestheader-extra-headers-prefix，--requestheader-group-headers，--requestheader-username-headers，--enable-aggregator-routing

#拷贝刚才生成的证书
#把刚才生成的证书拷贝到配置文件中的路径：
cp ~/TLS/k8s/ca*pem ~/TLS/k8s/server*pem /opt/kubernetes/ssl/

#启用 TLS Bootstrapping 机制
TLS Bootstraping：Master apiserver启用TLS认证后，Node节点kubelet和
kube-proxy要与kube-apiserver进行通信，必须使用CA签发的有效证书才可以，
当Node节点很多时，这种客户端证书颁发需要大量工作，同样也会增加集群扩展复杂度。
为了简化流程，Kubernetes引入了TLS bootstraping机制来自动颁发客户端证书，
kubelet会以一个低权限用户自动向apiserver申请证书，
kubelet的证书由apiserver动态签署。
所以强烈建议在Node上使用这种方式，目前主要用于kubelet，kube-proxy
还是由我们统一颁发一个证书。

创建上述配置文件中token文件：
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv << EOF
c47ffb939f5ca36231d9e3121a252940,kubelet-bootstrap,10001,"system:node-bootstrapper"
EOF
格式：token，用户名，UID，用户组
token也可自行生成替换：
head -c 16 /dev/urandom | od -An -t x | tr -d ' '

#systemd管理apiserver
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes API Server
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-apiserver \$KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

#启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-apiserver 
systemctl enable kube-apiserver

3.3.2 部署kube-controller-manager

#部署kube-controller-manager
#1. 创建配置文件
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager.conf << EOF
KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS=" \\
--v=2 \\
--leader-elect=true \\
--kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig \\
--bind-address=127.0.0.1 \\
--allocate-node-cidrs=true \\
--cluster-cidr=10.254.0.0/16 \\
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.255.255.0/24 \\
--cluster-signing-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--cluster-signing-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \\
--root-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--service-account-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \\
--cluster-signing-duration=87600h0m0s"
EOF

•--kubeconfig：连接apiserver配置文件
•--leader-elect：当该组件启动多个时，自动选举（HA）
•--cluster-signing-cert-file/--cluster-signing-key-file：自动为kubelet颁发证书的CA，与apiserver保持一致

2. 生成kubeconfig文件
生成kube-controller-manager证书：
# 切换工作目录
cd ~/TLS/k8s
# 创建证书请求文件
cat > kube-controller-manager-csr.json << EOF
{
  "CN": "system:kube-controller-manager",
  "hosts": [],
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "L": "BeiJing", 
      "ST": "BeiJing",
      "O": "system:masters",
      "OU": "System"
    }
  ]
}
EOF
# 生成证书
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-controller-manager-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-controller-manager

#生成kubeconfig文件（以下是shell命令，直接在终端执行）：
KUBE_CONFIG="/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig"
KUBE_APISERVER="https://10.20.224.60:6443"
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
  --certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config set-credentials kube-controller-manager \
  --client-certificate=./kube-controller-manager.pem \
  --client-key=./kube-controller-manager-key.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config set-context default \
  --cluster=kubernetes \
  --user=kube-controller-manager \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}

# systemd管理controller-manager
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-controller-manager \$KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

#启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-controller-manager
systemctl enable kube-controller-manager

3.3.3 部署kube-scheduler

部署kube-scheduler
1. 创建配置文件
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler.conf << EOF
KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS=" \\
--v=2 \\
--leader-elect \\
--kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler.kubeconfig \\
--bind-address=127.0.0.1"
EOF
•--kubeconfig：连接apiserver配置文件
•--leader-elect：当该组件启动多个时，自动选举（HA）

#生成kubeconfig文件
#生成kube-scheduler证书：
# 切换工作目录
cd ~/TLS/k8s
# 创建证书请求文件
cat > kube-scheduler-csr.json << EOF
{
  "CN": "system:kube-scheduler",
  "hosts": [],
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "L": "BeiJing",
      "ST": "BeiJing",
      "O": "system:masters",
      "OU": "System"
    }
  ]
}
EOF
# 生成证书
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-scheduler-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-scheduler

#生成kubeconfig文件：
KUBE_CONFIG="/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler.kubeconfig"
KUBE_APISERVER="https://10.20.224.60:6443"
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
  --certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config set-credentials kube-scheduler \
  --client-certificate=./kube-scheduler.pem \
  --client-key=./kube-scheduler-key.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config set-context default \
  --cluster=kubernetes \
  --user=kube-scheduler \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}

3. systemd管理scheduler
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Scheduler
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-scheduler \$KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

#启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-scheduler
systemctl enable kube-scheduler

3.3.4 查看集群状态

#查看集群状态
#生成kubectl连接集群的证书：
cd /root/TLS/k8s/
cat > admin-csr.json <<EOF
{
  "CN": "admin",
  "hosts": [],
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "L": "BeiJing",
      "ST": "BeiJing",
      "O": "system:masters",
      "OU": "System"
    }
  ]
}
EOF
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes admin-csr.json | cfssljson -bare admin

#生成kubeconfig文件：
mkdir /root/.kube
KUBE_CONFIG="/root/.kube/config"
KUBE_APISERVER="https://10.20.224.60:6443"
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
  --certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config set-credentials cluster-admin \
  --client-certificate=./admin.pem \
  --client-key=./admin-key.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config set-context default \
  --cluster=kubernetes \
  --user=cluster-admin \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}

通过kubectl工具查看当前集群组件状态：
kubectl get cs
NAME                STATUS    MESSAGE             ERROR
scheduler             Healthy   ok                  
controller-manager       Healthy   ok                  
etcd-0               Healthy   {"health":"true"} 
如上输出说明Master节点组件运行正常。

#授权kubelet-bootstrap用户允许请求证书
kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-bootstrap \
--clusterrole=system:node-bootstrapper \
--user=kubelet-bootstrap

四：部署worker节点

4.1 创建工作目录并拷贝二进制文件

master节点：
cd kubernetes/server/bin
cp kubelet kube-proxy /opt/kubernetes/bin   # 本地拷贝

4.2 部署kubelet

1. 创建配置文件

cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf << EOF
------
KUBELET_OPTS=" \
--v=2 \
--hostname-override=n60 \
--kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig \
--bootstrap-kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap.kubeconfig \
--config=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet-config.yml \
--cert-dir=/opt/kubernetes/ssl \
--runtime-request-timeout=15m \
--container-runtime-endpoint=unix:///run/containerd/containerd.sock \
--cgroup-driver=systemd \
--node-labels=node.kubernetes.io/node=''"
------
EOF

#配置参数文件
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet-config.yml << EOF
kind: KubeletConfiguration
apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
address: 0.0.0.0
port: 10250
readOnlyPort: 10255
cgroupDriver: cgroupfs
clusterDNS:
- 10.255.255.2
clusterDomain: cluster.local 
failSwapOn: false
authentication:
  anonymous:
    enabled: false
  webhook:
    cacheTTL: 2m0s
    enabled: true
  x509:
    clientCAFile: /opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem 
authorization:
  mode: Webhook
  webhook:
    cacheAuthorizedTTL: 5m0s
    cacheUnauthorizedTTL: 30s
evictionHard:
  imagefs.available: 15%
  memory.available: 100Mi
  nodefs.available: 10%
  nodefs.inodesFree: 5%
maxOpenFiles: 1000000
maxPods: 110
EOF

#执行生成kubelet初次加入集群引导kubeconfig文件
KUBE_CONFIG="/opt/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap.kubeconfig"
KUBE_APISERVER="https://10.20.224.60:6443" # apiserver IP:PORT
TOKEN="c47ffb939f5ca36231d9e3121a252940" # 与token.csv里保持一致
# 生成 kubelet bootstrap kubeconfig 配置文件
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
  --certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config set-credentials "kubelet-bootstrap" \
  --token=${TOKEN} \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config set-context default \
  --cluster=kubernetes \
  --user="kubelet-bootstrap" \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}

#systemd管理kubelet
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kubelet
After=docker.service
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kubelet \$KUBELET_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

#启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kubelet
systemctl enable kubelet

批准kubelet证书申请并加入集群
# 查看kubelet证书请求
kubectl get csr
[root@n60 cfg]# kubectl get csr
NAME                                                   AGE     SIGNERNAME                                    REQUESTOR           REQUESTEDDURATION   CONDITION
node-csr-hWj6tp2sY8FcUBVyzLJrQ3W0OLrAkph0IkZYhfD5xbk   3m25s   kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet   kubelet-bootstrap   <none>              Pending
# 批准申请
kubectl certificate approve node-csr-hWj6tp2sY8FcUBVyzLJrQ3W0OLrAkph0IkZYhfD5xbk
# 查看节点
[root@n60 cfg]# kubectl get node
NAME        STATUS     ROLES    AGE   VERSION
n60   NotReady   <none>   5s    v1.27.1

4.3 部署kube-proxy

1. 创建配置文件
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.conf << EOF
KUBE_PROXY_OPTS=" \\
--v=2 \\
--config=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml"
EOF

2. 配置参数文件
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml << EOF
kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
bindAddress: 0.0.0.0
metricsBindAddress: 0.0.0.0:10249
clientConnection:
  kubeconfig: /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.kubeconfig
hostnameOverride: n60
clusterCIDR: 10.255.255.0/24
mode: ipvs
ipvs:
  scheduler: "rr"
iptables:
  masqueradeAll: true
EOF

#生成kube-proxy.kubeconfig文件
# 切换工作目录
cd ~/TLS/k8s
# 创建证书请求文件
cat > kube-proxy-csr.json << EOF
{
  "CN": "system:kube-proxy",
  "hosts": [],
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "L": "BeiJing",
      "ST": "BeiJing",
      "O": "k8s",
      "OU": "System"
    }
  ]
}
EOF
# 生成证书
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-proxy-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-proxy
生成kubeconfig文件：
KUBE_CONFIG="/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.kubeconfig"
KUBE_APISERVER="https://10.20.224.60:6443"
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
  --certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config set-credentials kube-proxy \
  --client-certificate=./kube-proxy.pem \
  --client-key=./kube-proxy-key.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config set-context default \
  --cluster=kubernetes \
  --user=kube-proxy \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}

systemd管理kube-proxy

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Proxy
After=network.target

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-proxy \$KUBE_PROXY_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

#启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-proxy
systemctl enable kube-proxy

五：部署calico网络

网络组件有很多种，只需要部署其中一个即可，推荐Calico。
Calico是一个纯三层的数据中心网络方案，Calico支持广泛的平台，包括Kubernetes、OpenStack等。
Calico 在每一个计算节点利用 Linux Kernel 实现了一个高效的虚拟路由器（ vRouter） 来负责数据转发，而每个 vRouter 通过 BGP 协议负责把自己上运行的 workload 的路由信息向整个 Calico 网络内传播。
此外，Calico 项目还实现了 Kubernetes 网络策略，提供ACL功能。
1.下载Calico
wget https://docs.tigera.io/archive/v3.25/manifests/calico.yaml
vim calico.yaml
...
- name: CALICO_IPV4POOL_CIDR
  value: "10.255.255.0/24"
...

kubectl apply -f calico.yaml

kubectl get pod -n kube-system

kubectl get nodes

授权apiserver访问kubelet
应用场景：例如kubectl logs
cat > apiserver-to-kubelet-rbac.yaml << EOF
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  annotations:
    rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: "true"
  labels:
    kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults
  name: system:kube-apiserver-to-kubelet
rules:
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - nodes/proxy
      - nodes/stats
      - nodes/log
      - nodes/spec
      - nodes/metrics
      - pods/log
    verbs:
      - "*"
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: system:kube-apiserver
  namespace: ""
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: system:kube-apiserver-to-kubelet
subjects:
  - apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
    kind: User
    name: kubernetes
EOF

kubectl apply -f apiserver-to-kubelet-rbac.yaml

六：新增加一个worker node

6.1 同步配置文件

1. 拷贝已部署好的Node相关文件到新节点
mkdir -p /opt/kubernetes/{bin,cfg,ssl,logs} 
在Master节点将Worker Node涉及文件拷贝到新节点10.20.224.61/62
scp -r /opt/kubernetes root@10.20.224.60:/opt/
scp /opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem root@10.20.224.60:/opt/kubernetes/ssl
scp -r /usr/lib/systemd/system/{kubelet,kube-proxy}.service root@10.20.224.60:/usr/lib/systemd/system
scp -r /opt/kubernetes root@10.20.224.61:/opt/
scp /opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem root@10.20.224.61:/opt/kubernetes/ssl
scp -r /usr/lib/systemd/system/{kubelet,kube-proxy}.service root@10.20.224.61:/usr/lib/systemd/system

删除kubelet证书和kubeconfig文件
rm -rf /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig 
rm -rf /opt/kubernetes/ssl/kubelet*
rm -rf /opt/kubernetes/logs/*
注：这几个文件是证书申请审批后自动生成的，每个Node不同，必须删除

修改主机名 [改节点的主机名]
n61:
vi /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf
--hostname-override=n61
vi /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml
--hostname-override=n61

修改主机名 [改节点的主机名]
n62:
vi /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf
--hostname-override=n62
vi /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml
hostnameOverride: n62

启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kubelet kube-proxy
systemctl enable kubelet kube-proxy

在Master上批准新Node kubelet证书申请
kubectl get csr
# 授权请求
kubectl certificate approve node-csr-4aVtcOsvmkhKQ1dnyJAOMD3VDcORfXulPs9Xn8d-QIE
kubectl certificate approve node-csr-9dAHpoiTUPrG4nY-kfJD_Cir2wnWLfuYT004MVr53uw

kubectl get pod -n kube-system
kubectl get node

七：部署Dashboard和CoreDNS

7.1 部署Dashboard

github:
https://github.com/kubernetes/dashboard/releases/tag/v2.7.0
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.7.0/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml
目前最新版本v2.7.0 
vim recommended.yaml
----
spec:
  ports:
    - port: 443
      targetPort: 8443
      nodePort: 30001
  type: NodePort
  selector:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
----
kubectl apply -f recommended.yaml

kubectl get pods -n kubernetes-dashboard
kubectl get pods,svc -n kubernetes-dashboard

创建service account并绑定默认cluster-admin管理员集群角色：
vim dashadmin.yaml

apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: admin-user
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
name: admin-user
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: cluster-admin
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: admin-user
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

kubectl apply -f dashadmin.yaml

创建用户登录token
kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard create token admin-user
----
eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IktNSmFsTWZEMjZHQmg2UnhvdkRKMDBFbTlmbm9jVmFMcjVlOXpjU2UxYTQifQ.eyJhdWQiOlsiYXBpIiwiaHR0cHM6Ly9rdWJlcm5ldGVzLmRlZmF1bHQuc3ZjLmNsdXN0ZXIubG9jYWwiXSwiZXhwIjoxNjgxNzA1MjQwLCJpYXQiOjE2ODE3MDE2NDAsImlzcyI6ImFwaSIsImt1YmVybmV0ZXMuaW8iOnsibmFtZXNwYWNlIjoia3ViZXJuZXRlcy1kYXNoYm9hcmQiLCJzZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudCI6eyJuYW1lIjoiYWRtaW4tdXNlciIsInVpZCI6ImEzNzk5NjYyLTJiNjctNDJiZS05NGRjLWJhZmI3MDY4YjE4NiJ9fSwibmJmIjoxNjgxNzAxNjQwLCJzdWIiOiJzeXN0ZW06c2VydmljZWFjY291bnQ6a3ViZXJuZXRlcy1kYXNoYm9hcmQ6YWRtaW4tdXNlciJ9.MbEAO7KJ7-lAACMdFRTTH8FVd7igM0w7wjaSCtIVa1H2oPJwHrJGzaNPSAR_tpCSOPJMae21fh4gEF0rUqcyJqSh9f9xUlf7yIjitcUP7TWd-EaGXwMBxl8uQI9W5GkVcJMLjHUG7H-dqJt8i-LteK1wJyr8ZRd4oqdexRtepR9n0IK-_tjicm3Jy99G6pbWCrtws3VqVxFZ13bOsnYzJ4fBTbGjYR2O0RRcstcMLSLNdWWw0OqS8jqitHMEothKs8itq14n_NK0RqdhXYRFFOtwKvQ2mriAhVJJA4oGveONklW2isCMr2sjDnnyOaLgs1R1VI7M5ClyZgctvLg
----

7.2 部署CoreDNS

# Warning: This is a file generated from the base underscore template file: coredns.yaml.base
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: coredns
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
      kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
      addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  labels:
    kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults
    addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
  name: system:coredns
rules:
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - endpoints
  - services
  - pods
  - namespaces
  verbs:
  - list
  - watch
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - nodes
  verbs:
  - get
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  annotations:
    rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: "true"
  labels:
    kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults
    addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: EnsureExists
  name: system:coredns
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: system:coredns
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: coredns
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: coredns
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
      addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: EnsureExists
data:
  Corefile: |
    .:53 {
        log
        errors
        health {
            lameduck 5s
        }
        ready
        kubernetes cluster.local in-addr.arpa ip6.arpa {
            pods insecure
            fallthrough in-addr.arpa ip6.arpa
            ttl 30
        }
        prometheus :9153
        forward . /etc/resolv.conf
        cache 30
        loop
        reload
        loadbalance
    }
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: coredns
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    k8s-app: kube-dns
    kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
    addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
    kubernetes.io/name: "CoreDNS"
spec:
  # replicas: not specified here:
  # 1. In order to make Addon Manager do not reconcile this replicas parameter.
  # 2. Default is 1.
  # 3. Will be tuned in real time if DNS horizontal auto-scaling is turned on.
  strategy:
    type: RollingUpdate
    rollingUpdate:
      maxUnavailable: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: kube-dns
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: kube-dns
      annotations:
        seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/pod: 'runtime/default'
    spec:
      priorityClassName: system-cluster-critical
      serviceAccountName: coredns
      tolerations:
        - key: "CriticalAddonsOnly"
          operator: "Exists"
      nodeSelector:
        kubernetes.io/os: linux
      containers:
      - name: coredns
        image: coredns/coredns:1.6.7
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        resources:
          limits:
            memory: 512Mi 
          requests:
            cpu: 100m
            memory: 70Mi
        args: [ "-conf", "/etc/coredns/Corefile" ]
        volumeMounts:
        - name: config-volume
          mountPath: /etc/coredns
          readOnly: true
        ports:
        - containerPort: 53
          name: dns
          protocol: UDP
        - containerPort: 53
          name: dns-tcp
          protocol: TCP
        - containerPort: 9153
          name: metrics
          protocol: TCP
        livenessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /health
            port: 8080
            scheme: HTTP
          initialDelaySeconds: 60
          timeoutSeconds: 5
          successThreshold: 1
          failureThreshold: 5
        readinessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /ready
            port: 8181
            scheme: HTTP
        securityContext:
          allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
          capabilities:
            add:
            - NET_BIND_SERVICE
            drop:
            - all
          readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
      dnsPolicy: Default
      volumes:
        - name: config-volume
          configMap:
            name: coredns
            items:
            - key: Corefile
              path: Corefile
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: kube-dns
  namespace: kube-system
  annotations:
    prometheus.io/port: "9153"
    prometheus.io/scrape: "true"
  labels:
    k8s-app: kube-dns
    kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
    addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
    kubernetes.io/name: "CoreDNS"
spec:
  selector:
    k8s-app: kube-dns
  clusterIP: 10.0.0.2
  ports:
  - name: dns
    port: 53
    protocol: UDP
  - name: dns-tcp
    port: 53
    protocol: TCP
  - name: metrics
    port: 9153
    protocol: TCP

kubectl apply -f coredns.yaml
测试:
  kubectl run -it --rm dns-test --image=busybox:1.28.4 sh

创建一个nginx pod 测试：
kubectl create deployment nginx --image=nginx
kubectl expose deployment nginx --port=80 --type=NodePort
kubectl get deploy,svc,pod

posted @ 2023-05-07 09:08 qq366830352 阅读(781) 评论(0) 编辑收藏举报

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