【Leetcode】【Medium】Gray Code
The gray code is a binary numeral system where two successive values differ in only one bit.
Given a non-negative integer n representing the total number of bits in the code, print the sequence of gray code. A gray code sequence must begin with 0.
For example, given n = 2, return [0,1,3,2]
. Its gray code sequence is:
00 - 0 01 - 1 11 - 3 10 - 2
Note:
For a given n, a gray code sequence is not uniquely defined.
For example, [0,2,3,1]
is also a valid gray code sequence according to the above definition.
For now, the judge is able to judge based on one instance of gray code sequence. Sorry about that.
解题思路:
这道题相当于"穷举"n个0/1排列组合,涉及到排列组合,通常可以先考虑回溯法。
设ret表示返回的数字列表,ret初始为[0,],有两种思路:
1、循环遍历ret列表n次,每次对ret中每一个元素使用"<<"左移运算,并将左移运算后的结果加1,加入列表当中;
即{0}->{0, 1}->{00, 10, 01, 11}->{000, 100, 010, 110, 101, 011, 111}->...
即{0}->{0, 1}->{0, 2, 1, 3}->{0, 4, 2, 6, 1, 5, 3, 7} ...
2、取出ret中已有元素的值,并将其增加,将新值插入ret中,循环n次:
{0} 取出每个元素加入1,并将结果加入列表 ->{0, 1} ->{0, 1}
{0, 1} 取出每个元素加入10,并将结果加入列表 ->{0, 1, 10, 11} ->{0, 1, 2, 3}
{10, 11} 取出每个元素加入100,并将结果加入列表 ->{0, 1, 10, 11, 100, 101, 110, 111} ->{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}
但是这个该死的题目要求必须要按照Leetcode给定的顺序排列数字,就是必须{0, 1, 3, 2};
因此只能使用第二种方法,并且倒序取出已有元素;
代码:
1 class Solution { 2 public: 3 vector<int> grayCode(int n) { 4 vector<int> result(1, 0); 5 int inc = 1; 6 7 while (n--) { 8 int s = result.size(); 9 for (int j = s - 1; j >= 0; --j) 10 result.push_back(result[j] + inc); 11 inc <<= 1; 12 } 13 14 return result; 15 } 16 };