java调试工具jdb
Finds and fixes bugs in Java platform programs.
Synopsis
jdb [options] [classname] [arguments]
options-
Command-line options. See Options.
- classname
-
Name of the main class to debug.
- arguments
-
Arguments passed to the
main()
method of the class.
Description
The Java Debugger (JDB) is a simple command-line debugger for Java classes. The jdb
command and its options call the JDB. The jdb
command demonstrates the Java Platform Debugger Architecture (JDBA) and provides inspection and debugging of a local or remote Java Virtual Machine (JVM). See Java Platform Debugger Architecture (JDBA) athttp://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/technotes/guides/jpda/index.html
Start a JDB Session
There are many ways to start a JDB session. The most frequently used way is to have JDB launch a new JVM with the main class of the application to be debugged. Do this by substituting the jdb
command for the java
command in the command line. For example, if your application's main class is MyClass
, then use the following command to debug it under JDB:
jdb MyClass
When started this way, the jdb
command calls a second JVM with the specified parameters, loads the specified class, and stops the JVM before executing that class's first instruction.
Another way to use the jdb
command is by attaching it to a JVM that is already running. Syntax for starting a JVM to which the jdb
command attaches when the JVM is running is as follows. This loads in-process debugging libraries and specifies the kind of connection to be made.
java -agentlib:jdwp=transport=dt_socket,server=y,suspend=n MyClass
You can then attach the jdb
command to the JVM with the following command:
jdb -attach 8000
The MyClass
argument is not specified in the jdb
command line in this case because the jdb
command is connecting to an existing JVM instead of launching a new JVM.
There are many other ways to connect the debugger to a JVM, and all of them are supported by the jdb
command. The Java Platform Debugger Architecture has additional documentation on these connection options.
Basic jdb Commands
The following is a list of the basic jdb
commands. The JDB supports other commands that you can list with the -help
option.
The help
or ?
commands display the list of recognized commands with a brief description.
After you start JDB and set breakpoints, you can use the run
command to execute the debugged application. The run
command is available only when the jdb
command starts the debugged application as opposed to attaching to an existing JVM.
Continues execution of the debugged application after a breakpoint, exception, or step.
print-
Displays Java objects and primitive values. For variables or fields of primitive types, the actual value is printed. For objects, a short description is printed. See the dump command to find out how to get more information about an object.
Note: To display local variables, the containing class must have been compiled with the
javac -g
option.The
print
command supports many simple Java expressions including those with method invocations, for example:print MyClass.myStaticField print myObj.myInstanceField print i + j + k (i, j, k are primities and either fields or local variables) print myObj.myMethod() (if myMethod returns a non-null) print new java.lang.String("Hello").length()
For primitive values, the dump
command is identical to the print
command. For objects, the dump
command prints the current value of each field defined in the object. Static and instance fields are included. The dump
command supports the same set of expressions as the print
command.
List the threads that are currently running. For each thread, its name and current status are printed and an index that can be used in other commands. In this example, the thread index is 4, the thread is an instance of java.lang.Thread
, the thread name is main
, and it is currently running.
4. (java.lang.Thread)0x1 main runningthread
Select a thread to be the current thread. Many jdb
commands are based on the setting of the current thread. The thread is specified with the thread index described in the threads command.
The where
command with no arguments dumps the stack of the current thread. The where
all
command dumps the stack of all threads in the current thread group. The where
threadindex
command dumps the stack of the specified thread.
If the current thread is suspended either through an event such as a breakpoint or through the suspend
command, then local variables and fields can be displayed with the print
and dump
commands. The up
and down
commands select which stack frame is the current stack frame.
Breakpoints
Breakpoints can be set in JDB at line numbers or at the first instruction of a method, for example:
-
The command
stop at MyClass:22
sets a breakpoint at the first instruction for line 22 of the source file containingMyClass
. -
The command
stop in java.lang.String.length
sets a breakpoint at the beginning of the methodjava.lang.String.length
. -
The command
stop in MyClass.<clinit>
uses<clinit>
to identify the static initialization code forMyClass
.
When a method is overloaded, you must also specify its argument types so that the proper method can be selected for a breakpoint. For example, MyClass.myMethod(int,java.lang.String)
or MyClass.myMethod()
.
The clear
command removes breakpoints using the following syntax: clear MyClass:45
. Using the clear
or stop
command with no argument displays a list of all breakpoints currently set. The cont
command continues execution.
Stepping
The step
command advances execution to the next line whether it is in the current stack frame or a called method. The next
command advances execution to the next line in the current stack frame.
Exceptions
When an exception occurs for which there is not a catch
statement anywhere in the throwing thread's call stack, the JVM typically prints an exception trace and exits. When running under JDB, however, control returns to JDB at the offending throw. You can then use the jdb
command to diagnose the cause of the exception.
Use the catch
command to cause the debugged application to stop at other thrown exceptions, for example: catch java.io.FileNotFoundException
or catch
mypackage.BigTroubleException
. Any exception that is an instance of the specified class or subclass stops the application at the point where it is thrown.
The ignore
command negates the effect of an earlier catch
command. The ignore
command does not cause the debugged JVM to ignore specific exceptions, but only to ignore the debugger.
Options
When you use the jdb
command instead of the java
command on the command line, the jdb
command accepts many of the same options as the java
command, including -D
, -classpath
, and -X
options. The following list contains additional options that are accepted by the jdb
command.
Other options are supported to provide alternate mechanisms for connecting the debugger to the JVM it is to debug. For additional documentation about these connection alternatives, see Java Platform Debugger Architecture (JPDA) athttp://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/technotes/guides/jpda/index.html
- -help
-
Displays a help message.
- -sourcepath dir1:dir2: . . .
-
Uses the specified path to search for source files in the specified path. If this option is not specified, then use the default path of dot (.).
- -attach address
-
Attaches the debugger to a running JVM with the default connection mechanism.
- -listen address
-
Waits for a running JVM to connect to the specified address with a standard connector.
- -launch
-
Starts the debugged application immediately upon startup of JDB. The
-launch
option removes the need for therun
command. The debugged application is launched and then stopped just before the initial application class is loaded. At that point, you can set any necessary breakpoints and use thecont
command to continue execution. - -listconnectors
-
List the connectors available in this JVM.
- -connect connector-name:name1=value1
-
Connects to the target JVM with the named connector and listed argument values.
- -dbgtrace [flags]
-
Prints information for debugging the
jdb
command. - -tclient
-
Runs the application in the Java HotSpot VM client.
- -tserver
-
Runs the application in the Java HotSpot VM server.
- -Joption
-
Passes
option
to the JVM, where option is one of the options described on the reference page for the Java application launcher. For example,-J-Xms48m
sets the startup memory to 48 MB. Seejava
(1).
Options Forwarded to the Debugger Process
- -v -verbose[:class|gc|jni]
-
Turns on verbose mode.
- -Dname=value
-
Sets a system property.
- -classpath dir
-
Lists directories separated by colons in which to look for classes.
- -Xoption
-
Nonstandard target JVM option.