python之selenium wire获取请求头参数

selenium-wire扩展了 Selenium 的 Python 绑定,让您可以访问浏览器发出的底层请求。 您编写代码的方式与使用 Selenium 的方式相同,但您可以获得额外的 API 来检查请求和响应并动态更改它们

一:简介

selenium是爬虫常用的手段之一,由于是使用浏览器驱动模拟手动操作,所以只要掌握一些元素的基本定位就很容易上手。
但是经常会遇到的问题我觉得至少有两点:

每次启动的浏览器都是一个全新的浏览器,不存在任何的缓存,换句话说如果网站需要登录则每次启动都需要登录,需要邮件验证码的网站就更难受了。
现在大多数的网站都采用前后端分离+ajax技术,分析画面元素固然是可以的,但是如果能够获取浏览器后台的ajax数据,那简直是事半功倍。
本次主要讨论的就是这两个问题,在之前我总结过一些相关的坑,包括浏览器的cookie操作、performance获取浏览器后台日志数据以及浏览器的代理认证框的处理问题,这也算是对之前的一次补充。

二:Selenium利用本地浏览器进行测试

是的,你没看错。由于驱动的是本地浏览器,本地浏览器有缓存,所以完美避免了浏览器的cookie问题。而且亲测,这种方式还可以直接解析浏览器当前网页,不需要启动新的浏览器,也就是说你可以预先登录到目标网站再运行程序。

1、右键谷歌浏览器快捷方式->属性,在路径上追加参数 --remote-debugging-port=9222

2、双击打开浏览器
3、selenium远程模式连接浏览器并进行操作,这里测试控制浏览器打开百度。

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options

chrome_options = Options()
chrome_options.add_experimental_option("debuggerAddress", "127.0.0.1:9222")
driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=chrome_options)
driver.get("https://www.baidu.com")

这样就已经可以了,跟正常的selenium操作没有任何区别。

二、Selenium-wire获取后台数据

(一)selenium-wire安装

pip install selenium-wire

实例1:

import time
from seleniumwire import webdriver

# Create a new instance of the Chrome driver
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
# Go to the YouTube homepage.
driver.get('http://tool.liumingye.cn/music/?page=audioPage&type=migu&name=%E6%8A%96%E9%9F%B3')
time.sleep(5)
# Access requests via the `requests` attribute
for request in driver.requests:
    if request.response:
        if request.path == "/m/api/search":
            print(request.response.body.decode("utf-8"))
driver.quit()

封装后的driver会有requests这样一个对象,可以发跟浏览器开发者工具的Network进行类比,请求的返回值存储在response.body中。
通过request.path过滤出我们想要的请求,然后获取response.body即可。

运行结果如下:

{"code":200,"data":{"list":[{"name":"把孤独当作晚餐(抖音版)","artist":"画词戏子","cover":"http:\/\/d.musicapp.migu.cn\/prod\/file-service\/file-down\/8121e8df41a5c12f48b69aea89b71dab\/0f0e94be13d0d18b4cd0f53996e0023b\/18bde3d3d5415eba88115dab279a8b4e","lrc":"http:\/\/59.110.45.28\/m\/api\/lrc\/migu\/id\/f8ceFzdyYgzcjzn5SuaHgUIARghxmB8jGoQIXczI3sOpkObywQMI-l8gtQ81JkoAm91NAZiVFqn2sz-LM7vsi7ycKuefN3JDZWHyMeVFO0toeLCawtmuafH-7iXPvu_lMWxYPkpA6-0-iyFzbqnwdaUWemgw6Ih2tmUPWXXHuA","url_m4a":"http:\/\/218.205.239.34\/MIGUM2.0\/v1.0\/content\/sub\/listenSong.do?toneFlag=LQ&netType=00&copyrightId=0&contentId=600913000005364995&resourceType=2&channel=0","url_128":"http:\/\/218.205.239.34\/MIGUM2.0\/v1.0\/content\/sub\/listenSong.do?toneFlag=PQ&netType=00&copyrightId=0&contentId=600913000005364995&resourceType=2&channel=0","url_320":"http:\/\/218.205.239.34\/MIGUM2.0\/v1.0\/content\/sub\/listenSong.do?toneFlag=HQ&netType=00&copyrightId=0&contentId=600913000005364995&resourceType=2&channel=0","url_flac":"http:\/\/218.205.239.34\/MIGUM2.0\/v1.0\/content\/sub\/listenSong.do?toneFlag=SQ&netType=00&copyrightId=0&contentId=600913000005364995&resourceType=E&channel=0","url":"http:\/\/218.205.239.34\/MIGUM2.0\/v1.0\/content\/sub\/listenSong.do?toneFlag=LQ&netType=00&copyrightId=0&contentId=600913000005364995&resourceType=2&channel=0"},{"name":"你走(抖音版)","artist":"松紧先生","cover":"http:\/\/d.musicapp.migu.cn\/prod\/file-service\/file-down\/b1899d500dda5db2da11df3efc89cba6\/d6ac70e448ff3cd5d545cf44d0d7a2c0\/c1690b3588064699c3688d676984331f","lrc":"http:\/\/59.110.45.28\/m\/api\/lrc\/migu\/id\/b30fUTX4wkz-oVd-f8y9OQ_kKBBi4zY2Aje7_xDOCt_kVgFl9nQjZo9U1oenDZiCAQJ6coUeJiWG7OGE9fc87A-z0llkBxgLJdxlW-_3LXaKxHkh29HDtMkYTExcEk20jfTXt_0BVLYaeBOf0dMAf4b0mFWQ5PQ6g1Bd7tPZ4w","url_m4a":"http:\/\/218.205.239.34\/MIGUM2.0\/v1.0\/content\/sub\/listenSong.do?toneFlag=LQ&netType=00&copyrightId=0&contentId=600919000000557974&resourceType=2&channel=0","url_128":"http:\/\/218.205.239.34\/MIGUM2.0\/v1.0\/content\/sub\/listenSong.do?toneFlag=PQ&netType=00&copyrightId=0&contentId=600919000000557974&resourceType=2&channel=0","url_320":"http:\/\/218.205.239.34\/MIGUM2.0\/v1.0\/content\/sub\/listenSong.do?toneFlag=HQ&netType=00&copyrightId=0&contentId=600919000000557974&resourceType=2&channel=0","url_flac":"http:\/\/218.205.239.34\/MIGUM2.0\/v1.0\/content\/sub\/listenSong.do?toneFlag=SQ&netType=00&copyrightId=0&contentId=600919000000557974&resourceType=E&channel=0","url":"http:\/\/218.205.239.34\/MIGUM2.0\/v1.0\/content\/sub\/listenSong.do?toneFlag=LQ&netType=00&copyrightId=0&contentId=600919000000557974&resourceType=2&channel=0"}}

实例2:

from seleniumwire import webdriver

driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get('https://www.baidu.com')

# 通过requests属性访问请求
for request in driver.requests:
    if request.response:
        print("Url:", request.url)
        print("Code:", request.response.status_code)
        print("Content-Type:", request.response.headers['Content-Type'])

执行结果:

实例3:设置拦截器

可以在某些请求发出前,修改请求的参数或直接阻止请求

import json
from seleniumwire import webdriver

# 设置拦截器
def interceptor(request):
    # 拦截.png,.jpg,.gif结尾的请求
    if request.path.endswith(('.png', '.jpg', '.gif')):
        request.abort()

driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.request_interceptor = interceptor
driver.get('https://www.baidu.com')

# 通过requests属性访问请求
for request in driver.requests:
    if request.response:
        print("Url:", request.url)
        print("Code:", request.response.status_code)
        print("Content-Type:", request.response.headers['Content-Type'])

添加和修改请求参数

# 设置拦截器
def interceptor(request):
    # 添加请求参数
    params = request.params
    params['foo'] = 'bar'
    request.params = params

    # 修改POST请求正文中的JSON
    if request.method == 'POST' and request.headers['Content-Type'] == 'application/json':
        # 获取原请求内容
        body = request.body.decode('utf-8')
        data = json.loads(body)
        # 修改要改变的参数
        data['foo'] = 'bar'
        # 将修改好的参数设置回请求
        request.body = json.dumps(data).encode('utf-8')
        # 更新内容长度
        del request.headers['Content-Length']
        request.headers['Content-Length'] = str(len(request.body))

posted on 2022-08-11 19:47  帅胡  阅读(2751)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报

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