Service Discovery with Apache Curator
Curator的介绍
Curator就是Zookeeper的一个客户端工具(不知道Zookeeper的同学可以到http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/opensource/os-cn-zookeeper/学习下),封装ZooKeeper client与ZooKeeper server之间的连接处理以及zookeeper的常用操作,提供ZooKeeper各种应用场景(recipe, 比如共享锁服务, 集群领导选举机制)的抽象封装。当然还有他看起来非常舒服的Fluent风格的API。 Curator主要从以下几个方面降低了zk使用的复杂性:
- 重试机制:提供可插拔的重试机制, 它将给捕获所有可恢复的异常配置一个重试策略, 并且内部也提供了几种标准的重试策略(比如指数补偿).
- 连接状态监控: Curator初始化之后会一直的对zk连接进行监听, 一旦发现连接状态发生变化, 将作出相应的处理.
- zk客户端实例管理:Curator对zk客户端到server集群连接进行管理. 并在需要的情况, 重建zk实例, 保证与zk集群的可靠连接
- 各种使用场景支持:Curator实现zk支持的大部分使用场景支持(甚至包括zk自身不支持的场景), 这些实现都遵循了zk的最佳实践, 并考虑了各种极端情况.
Curator通过以上的处理, 让用户专注于自身的业务本身, 而无需花费更多的精力在zk本身.这里我们介绍的是Curator的Service Discovery模块
Service Discovery
我们通常在调用服务的时候,需要知道服务的地址,端口,或者其他一些信息,通常情况下,我们是把他们写到程序里面,但是随着服务越来越多,维护起来也越来越费劲,更重要的是,由于地址都是在程序中配置的,我们根本不知道远程的服务是否可用,当我们增加或者删除服务,我们又需要到配置文件中配置么? 这时候,Zookeeper帮大忙了,我们可以把我们的服务注册到Zookeeper中,创建一个临时节点(当连接断开之后,节点将被删除),存放我们的服务信息(url,ip,port等信息),把这些临时节点都存放在以serviceName命名的节点下面,这样我们要获取某个服务的地址,只需要到Zookeeper中找到这个path,然后就可以读取到里面存放的服务信息,这时候我们就可以根据这些信息调用我们的服务。这样,通过Zookeeper我们就做到了动态的添加和删除服务,做到了一旦一个服务时效,就会自动从Zookeeper中移除,基本上Curator中的Service Discovery就是做的这点事。
下面我们用两张图片来比较一下,一般情况下的服务调用,和使用 Dynamic Service Registry 的区别
使用zookeeper做服务注册之后:
关于Apache curator的service discovery的一些介绍可以参考官方文档:http://curator.apache.org/curator-x-discovery/index.html
Service Discovery 的使用
一般而言,分为 Service Registry 和 Service Discovery,对应服务端和客户端。也就是由服务提供者,讲自身的信息注册到Zookeeper,然后,客户端通过到Zookeeper中查找服务信息,然后根据信息就行调用(见上图)。说了这么多,上代码了。
首先我们定义个payload,我们这一在里面存储一些服务信息。这个信息会被保存在Zookeeper,这里只是举个例子,你还可以写入更多你想要的信息。
package discovery; import org.codehaus.jackson.map.annotate.JsonRootName; /** * Created by hupeng on 2014/9/16. */ @JsonRootName("details") public class InstanceDetails { private String id; private String listenAddress; private int listenPort; private String interfaceName; public InstanceDetails(String id, String listenAddress, int listenPort,String interfaceName) { this.id = id; this.listenAddress = listenAddress; this.listenPort = listenPort; this.interfaceName = interfaceName; } public InstanceDetails() { } public String getId() { return id; } public void setId(String id) { this.id = id; } public String getListenAddress() { return listenAddress; } public void setListenAddress(String listenAddress) { this.listenAddress = listenAddress; } public int getListenPort() { return listenPort; } public void setListenPort(int listenPort) { this.listenPort = listenPort; } public String getInterfaceName() { return interfaceName; } public void setInterfaceName(String interfaceName) { this.interfaceName = interfaceName; } @Override public String toString() { return "InstanceDetails{" + "id='" + id + '\'' + ", listenAddress='" + listenAddress + '\'' + ", listenPort=" + listenPort + ", interfaceName='" + interfaceName + '\'' + '}'; } }
我们先写服务注册,也就是服务端那边做的事情。
package discovery; import org.apache.curator.framework.CuratorFramework; import org.apache.curator.x.discovery.ServiceDiscovery; import org.apache.curator.x.discovery.ServiceDiscoveryBuilder; import org.apache.curator.x.discovery.ServiceInstance; import org.apache.curator.x.discovery.details.JsonInstanceSerializer; import java.io.IOException; /** * Created by hupeng on 2014/9/16. */ public class ServiceRegistrar{ private ServiceDiscovery<InstanceDetails> serviceDiscovery; private final CuratorFramework client; public ServiceRegistrar(CuratorFramework client,String basePath) throws Exception { this.client = client; JsonInstanceSerializer<InstanceDetails> serializer = new JsonInstanceSerializer<InstanceDetails>(InstanceDetails.class); serviceDiscovery = ServiceDiscoveryBuilder.builder(InstanceDetails.class) .client(client) .serializer(serializer) .basePath(basePath) .build(); serviceDiscovery.start(); } public void registerService(ServiceInstance<InstanceDetails> serviceInstance) throws Exception { serviceDiscovery.registerService(serviceInstance); } public void unregisterService(ServiceInstance<InstanceDetails> serviceInstance) throws Exception { serviceDiscovery.unregisterService(serviceInstance); } public void updateService(ServiceInstance<InstanceDetails> serviceInstance) throws Exception { serviceDiscovery.updateService(serviceInstance); } public void close() throws IOException { serviceDiscovery.close(); } }
一般情况下,会在我们服务启动的时候就将服务信息注册,比如我们是web项目的话可以写一个Servlet Listener进行注册,这里为了方便,写一个Main方法进行测试,如果我们把我们的信息存储在payload中的话,UriSpec是可以不定义的。
package discovery; import org.apache.curator.framework.CuratorFramework; import org.apache.curator.framework.CuratorFrameworkFactory; import org.apache.curator.retry.ExponentialBackoffRetry; import org.apache.curator.x.discovery.ServiceInstance; import org.apache.curator.x.discovery.UriSpec; import java.util.UUID; /** * User: hupeng * Date: 14-9-16 * Time: 下午8:05 */ public class ServerApp { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { CuratorFramework client = CuratorFrameworkFactory.newClient("127.0.0.1:2181", new ExponentialBackoffRetry(1000, 3)); client.start(); ServiceRegistrar serviceRegistrar = new ServiceRegistrar(client,"services"); ServiceInstance<InstanceDetails> instance1 = ServiceInstance.<InstanceDetails>builder() .name("service1") .port(12345) .address("192.168.1.100") //address不写的话,会取本地ip .payload(new InstanceDetails(UUID.randomUUID().toString(),"192.168.1.100",12345,"Test.Service1")) .uriSpec(new UriSpec("{scheme}://{address}:{port}")) .build(); ServiceInstance<InstanceDetails> instance2 = ServiceInstance.<InstanceDetails>builder() .name("service2") .port(12345) .address("192.168.1.100") .payload(new InstanceDetails(UUID.randomUUID().toString(),"192.168.1.100",12345,"Test.Service2")) .uriSpec(new UriSpec("{scheme}://{address}:{port}")) .build(); serviceRegistrar.registerService(instance1); serviceRegistrar.registerService(instance2); Thread.sleep(Integer.MAX_VALUE); } }
再来写Service discovery
package discovery; import com.google.common.collect.Lists; import com.google.common.collect.Maps; import org.apache.curator.framework.CuratorFramework; import org.apache.curator.utils.CloseableUtils; import org.apache.curator.x.discovery.ServiceDiscovery; import org.apache.curator.x.discovery.ServiceDiscoveryBuilder; import org.apache.curator.x.discovery.ServiceInstance; import org.apache.curator.x.discovery.ServiceProvider; import org.apache.curator.x.discovery.details.JsonInstanceSerializer; import org.apache.curator.x.discovery.strategies.RandomStrategy; import java.io.Closeable; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; /** * Created by hupeng on 2014/9/16. */ public class ServiceDiscoverer { private ServiceDiscovery<InstanceDetails> serviceDiscovery; private Map<String, ServiceProvider<InstanceDetails>> providers = Maps.newHashMap(); private List<Closeable> closeableList = Lists.newArrayList(); private Object lock = new Object(); public ServiceDiscoverer(CuratorFramework client ,String basePath) throws Exception { JsonInstanceSerializer<InstanceDetails> serializer = new JsonInstanceSerializer<InstanceDetails>(InstanceDetails.class); serviceDiscovery = ServiceDiscoveryBuilder.builder(InstanceDetails.class) .client(client) .basePath(basePath) .serializer(serializer) .build(); serviceDiscovery.start(); } public ServiceInstance<InstanceDetails> getInstanceByName(String serviceName) throws Exception { ServiceProvider<InstanceDetails> provider = providers.get(serviceName); if (provider == null) { synchronized (lock) { provider = providers.get(serviceName); if (provider == null) { provider = serviceDiscovery.serviceProviderBuilder(). serviceName(serviceName). providerStrategy(new RandomStrategy<InstanceDetails>()) .build(); provider.start(); closeableList.add(provider); providers.put(serviceName, provider); } } } return provider.getInstance(); } public synchronized void close(){ for (Closeable closeable : closeableList) { CloseableUtils.closeQuietly(closeable); } } }
客户端测试程序:
package discovery; import org.apache.curator.framework.CuratorFramework; import org.apache.curator.framework.CuratorFrameworkFactory; import org.apache.curator.retry.ExponentialBackoffRetry; import org.apache.curator.utils.CloseableUtils; import org.apache.curator.x.discovery.ServiceInstance; /** * User: hupeng * Date: 14-9-16 * Time: 下午8:16 */ public class ClientApp { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { CuratorFramework client = CuratorFrameworkFactory.newClient("127.0.0.1:2181", new ExponentialBackoffRetry(1000, 3)); client.start(); ServiceDiscoverer serviceDiscoverer = new ServiceDiscoverer(client,"services"); ServiceInstance<InstanceDetails> instance1 = serviceDiscoverer.getInstanceByName("service1"); System.out.println(instance1.buildUriSpec()); System.out.println(instance1.getPayload()); ServiceInstance<InstanceDetails> instance2 = serviceDiscoverer.getInstanceByName("service1"); System.out.println(instance2.buildUriSpec()); System.out.println(instance2.getPayload()); serviceDiscoverer.close(); CloseableUtils.closeQuietly(client); } }
好了,代码就到这里,如果有什么问题的话,请指正。