JAVA设计模式之观察者模式
观察者模式:定义对象间的一种一对多的依赖关系。当一个对象的状态发生改变的时候,所有依赖于它的对象都得到通知并被自动更新。
简单例子:比如有两个人张三和李四订阅了气象台的天气推送消息。
1 public class Subject 2 { 3 private List<Observer> observers = new ArrayList<Observer>(); 4 5 public void attach(Observer observer) 6 { 7 observers.add(observer); 8 observer.update(this); 9 } 10 11 public void detach(Observer observer) 12 { 13 observers.remove(observer); 14 } 15 16 protected void notifyObservers() 17 { 18 for(Observer observer: observers) 19 { 20 observer.update(this); 21 } 22 } 23 } 24 25 public interface Observer 26 { 27 public void update(Subject subject); 28 } 29 30 public class ConcreteSubject extends Subject 31 { 32 private String subjectState; 33 34 public String getSubjectState() 35 { 36 return subjectState; 37 } 38 39 public void setSubjectState(String subjectState) 40 { 41 this.subjectState = subjectState; 42 this.notifyObservers(); 43 } 44 } 45 46 import static java.lang.System.out; 47 public class ConcreteObserver implements Observer 48 { 49 private String observerState; 50 51 public void update(Subject subject) 52 { 53 observerState = ((ConcreteSubject)subject).getSubjectState(); 54 } 55 56 public void info() 57 { 58 out.println("我是:" + observerName); 59 out.println("信息:" + observerState); 60 out.println(); 61 } 62 63 private String observerName; 64 65 public void setObserverName(String observerName) 66 { 67 this.observerName = observerName; 68 } 69 } 70 71 public class Client 72 { 73 public static void main(String[] args) 74 { 75 ConcreteSubject weatherSubject = new ConcreteSubject(); 76 weatherSubject.setSubjectState("天气晴朗,25°"); 77 78 ConcreteObserver zhangsan = new ConcreteObserver(); 79 zhangsan.setObserverName("张三"); 80 81 ConcreteObserver lisi = new ConcreteObserver(); 82 lisi.setObserverName("李四"); 83 84 weatherSubject.attach(zhangsan); 85 weatherSubject.attach(lisi); 86 87 zhangsan.info(); 88 lisi.info(); 89 90 weatherSubject.detach(zhangsan); 91 weatherSubject.setSubjectState("多云,20°"); 92 93 zhangsan.info(); 94 lisi.info(); 95 } 96 } 97 98 我是:张三 99 信息:天气晴朗,25° 100 101 我是:李四 102 信息:天气晴朗,25° 103 104 我是:张三 105 信息:天气晴朗,25° 106 107 我是:李四 108 信息:多云,20°