Ceph - RBD操作
Ceph 学习目录：
环境：
| IP地址 | 主机名 |
|---|---|
| 192.168.118.14 | ceph-node1 |
| 192.168.118.15 | ceph-node2 |
| 192.168.118.16 | ceph-node3 |
| 192.168.118.17 | ceph-client |
注意：所有节点更新为最新内核版本!
创建 RBD
服务器端操作
创建 pool
[root@ceph-node1 ~/mycluster]#ceph osd pool create rbd 64
pool 'rbd' created
创建客户端帐号
# 创建客户端用户
[root@ceph-node1 ~/mycluster]#ceph auth get-or-create client.rbd mon 'allow r' osd 'allow class-read object_prefix rbd_children,allow rwx pool=rbd'
# 查看用户及权限
[root@ceph-node1 ~/mycluster]#ceph auth get client.rbd
exported keyring for client.rbd
[client.rbd]
key = AQB6OAhfMN4jFhAAPmO17m5Z5gP5YC11JOJcTA==
caps mon = "allow r"
caps osd = "allow class-read object_prefix rbd_children,allow rwx pool=rbd"
# 导出客户端keyring
[root@ceph-node1 ~/mycluster]#ceph auth get client.rbd -o ./ceph.client.rbd.keyring
exported keyring for client.rbd
pool 启动 RBD
[root@ceph-node1 ~/mycluster]#ceph osd pool application enable rbd rbd
enabled application 'rbd' on pool 'rbd'
客户端操作
安装 ceph-common
[root@ceph-client ~]#yum install ceph-common -y
从 ceph-node1 拷贝 ceph.conf 和 认证 keyring
[root@ceph-node1 ~/mycluster]#scp ceph.conf ceph.client.rbd.keyring ceph-client:/etc/ceph/
[root@ceph-client ~]#ls /etc/ceph/
ceph.client.rbd.keyring ceph.conf rbdmap
# 使用 创建的用户 rbd 查看集群状态
[root@ceph-client ~]#ceph -s --user rbd
cluster:
id: 45757634-b5ec-4172-957d-80c5c9f76d52
health: HEALTH_OK
services:
mon: 3 daemons, quorum ceph-node1,ceph-node2,ceph-node3 (age 65m)
mgr: no daemons active
osd: 0 osds: 0 up, 0 in
data:
pools: 0 pools, 0 pgs
objects: 0 objects, 0 B
usage: 0 B used, 0 B / 0 B avail
pgs:
创建 image
# 创建 image
[root@ceph-client ~]#rbd create rbd1 -p rbd --size 1G --user rbd
[root@ceph-client ~]#rbd create rbd/rbd2 --size 2G --user rbd
# 查看创建的 image
[root@ceph-client ~]#rbd ls -l --user rbd
NAME SIZE PARENT FMT PROT LOCK
rbd1 1 GiB 2
rbd2 2 GiB 2
# 通过json格式查看
[root@ceph-client ~]#rbd ls -p rbd -l --format json --user rbd --pretty-format
[
{
"image": "rbd1",
"size": 1073741824,
"format": 2
},
{
"image": "rbd2",
"size": 2147483648,
"format": 2
}
]
# 显示 image 的详细信息
[root@ceph-client ~]#rbd info rbd1 --user rbd
rbd image 'rbd1':
size 1 GiB in 256 objects
order 22 (4 MiB objects)
snapshot_count: 0
id: 112fe2290ad6
block_name_prefix: rbd_data.112fe2290ad6
format: 2
features: layering, exclusive-lock, object-map, fast-diff, deep-flatten
op_features:
flags:
create_timestamp: Sat Jul 11 09:14:18 2020
access_timestamp: Sat Jul 11 09:14:18 2020
modify_timestamp: Sat Jul 11 09:14:18 2020
禁止 image 的特性
默认 image 的特性包括：
features: layering, exclusive-lock, object-map, fast-diff, deep-flatten
作为 rbd 一般只需要 layering ，需要把其他的特性全部禁止掉。
# 禁止 image 特性
[root@ceph-client ~]#rbd feature disable rbd/rbd1 exclusive-lock, object-map, fast-diff, deep-flatten --user rbd
[root@ceph-client ~]#rbd feature disable rbd/rbd2 exclusive-lock, object-map, fast-diff, deep-flatten --user rbd
# 查看详细信息
[root@ceph-client ~]#rbd info rbd/rbd1 --user rbd
rbd image 'rbd1':
size 1 GiB in 256 objects
order 22 (4 MiB objects)
snapshot_count: 0
id: 112fe2290ad6
block_name_prefix: rbd_data.112fe2290ad6
format: 2
features: layering
op_features:
flags:
create_timestamp: Sat Jul 11 09:14:18 2020
access_timestamp: Sat Jul 11 09:14:18 2020
modify_timestamp: Sat Jul 11 09:14:18 2020
[root@ceph-client ~]#rbd info rbd/rbd2 --user rbd
rbd image 'rbd2':
size 2 GiB in 512 objects
order 22 (4 MiB objects)
snapshot_count: 0
id: 11342244e27f
block_name_prefix: rbd_data.11342244e27f
format: 2
features: layering
op_features:
flags:
create_timestamp: Sat Jul 11 09:14:47 2020
access_timestamp: Sat Jul 11 09:14:47 2020
modify_timestamp: Sat Jul 11 09:14:47 2020
客户端挂载 Image
[root@ceph-client ~]#lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sr0 11:0 1 4.4G 0 rom /mnt/centos7
vda 252:0 0 100G 0 disk
├─vda1 252:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
└─vda2 252:2 0 99G 0 part
├─centos-root 253:0 0 50G 0 lvm /
├─centos-swap 253:1 0 7.9G 0 lvm [SWAP]
└─centos-home 253:2 0 41.1G 0 lvm /home
[root@ceph-client ~]#rbd ls -l --user rbd
NAME SIZE PARENT FMT PROT LOCK
rbd1 1 GiB 2
rbd2 2 GiB 2
# RBD 映射到客户端主机
[root@ceph-client ~]#rbd map rbd/rbd1 --user rbd
/dev/rbd0
[root@ceph-client ~]#lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sr0 11:0 1 4.4G 0 rom /mnt/centos7
vda 252:0 0 100G 0 disk
├─vda1 252:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
└─vda2 252:2 0 99G 0 part
├─centos-root 253:0 0 50G 0 lvm /
├─centos-swap 253:1 0 7.9G 0 lvm [SWAP]
└─centos-home 253:2 0 41.1G 0 lvm /home
rbd0 251:0 0 1G 0 disk
初始化文件系统
# 格式化磁盘
[root@ceph-client ~]#mkfs.xfs /dev/rbd0
meta-data=/dev/rbd0 isize=512 agcount=8, agsize=32768 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0, sparse=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=262144, imaxpct=25
= sunit=1024 swidth=1024 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=8 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
[root@ceph-client ~]#mkdir -pv /mnt/ceph-disk1
mkdir: created directory ‘/mnt/ceph-disk1’
# 挂载文件系统
[root@ceph-client ~]#mount /dev/rbd0 /mnt/ceph-disk1/
[root@ceph-client ~]#df -Th
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs devtmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 3.9G 8.6M 3.9G 1% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root xfs 50G 1.9G 49G 4% /
/dev/vda1 xfs 1014M 149M 866M 15% /boot
/dev/mapper/centos-home xfs 42G 33M 42G 1% /home
/dev/sr0 iso9660 4.4G 4.4G 0 100% /mnt/centos7
tmpfs tmpfs 783M 0 783M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/rbd0 xfs 1014M 33M 982M 4% /mnt/ceph-disk1
客户端卸载磁盘
[root@ceph-client ~]#umount /dev/rbd0
# 查看本地 image 映射
[root@ceph-client ~]#rbd showmapped --user rbd
id pool namespace image snap device
0 rbd rbd1 - /dev/rbd0
# 卸载 image
[root@ceph-client ~]#rbd unmap rbd/rbd1 --user rbd
[root@ceph-client ~]#lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sr0 11:0 1 4.4G 0 rom /mnt/centos7
vda 252:0 0 100G 0 disk
├─vda1 252:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
└─vda2 252:2 0 99G 0 part
├─centos-root 253:0 0 50G 0 lvm /
├─centos-swap 253:1 0 7.9G 0 lvm [SWAP]
└─centos-home 253:2 0 41.1G 0 lvm /home
扩展 image 大小
[root@ceph-client ~]#rbd resize -s 5G rbd/rbd1 --user rbd
Resizing image: 100% complete...done.
[root@ceph-client ~]#rbd ls -l --user rbd
NAME SIZE PARENT FMT PROT LOCK
rbd1 5 GiB 2
rbd2 2 GiB 2
删除 image
[root@ceph-client ~]#rbd ls -l --user rbd
NAME SIZE PARENT FMT PROT LOCK
rbd1 5 GiB 2
rbd2 2 GiB 2
# 删除 rbd2
[root@ceph-client ~]#rbd rm rbd2 --user rbd
Removing image: 100% complete...done.
[root@ceph-client ~]#rbd ls -l --user rbd
NAME SIZE PARENT FMT PROT LOCK
rbd1 5 GiB 2
image 放进回收站
[root@ceph-client ~]#rbd ls -l --user rbd
NAME SIZE PARENT FMT PROT LOCK
rbd1 5 GiB 2
# 将 rbd1 放进回收站
[root@ceph-client ~]#rbd trash move rbd/rbd1 --user rbd
[root@ceph-client ~]#rbd ls -l --user rbd
# 查看回收站
[root@ceph-client ~]#rbd trash list -p rbd --user rbd
112fe2290ad6 rbd1
回收站恢复 image
[root@ceph-client ~]#rbd trash list -p rbd --user rbd
112fe2290ad6 rbd1
# 恢复 rbd1
[root@ceph-client ~]#rbd trash restore -p rbd --image rbd1 --image-id 112fe2290ad6 --user rbd
[root@ceph-client ~]#rbd ls -l --user rbd
NAME SIZE PARENT FMT PROT LOCK
rbd1 5 GiB 2
RBD 快照
快照前准备工作：
[root@ceph-client ~]#lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sr0 11:0 1 4.4G 0 rom /mnt/centos7
vda 252:0 0 100G 0 disk
├─vda1 252:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
└─vda2 252:2 0 99G 0 part
├─centos-root 253:0 0 50G 0 lvm /
├─centos-swap 253:1 0 7.9G 0 lvm [SWAP]
└─centos-home 253:2 0 41.1G 0 lvm /home
[root@ceph-client ~]#rbd map rbd/rbd1 --user rbd
/dev/rbd0
[root@ceph-client ~]#lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sr0 11:0 1 4.4G 0 rom /mnt/centos7
vda 252:0 0 100G 0 disk
├─vda1 252:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
└─vda2 252:2 0 99G 0 part
├─centos-root 253:0 0 50G 0 lvm /
├─centos-swap 253:1 0 7.9G 0 lvm [SWAP]
└─centos-home 253:2 0 41.1G 0 lvm /home
rbd0 251:0 0 5G 0 disk
[root@ceph-client ~]#mount /dev/rbd0 /mnt/ceph-disk1/
[root@ceph-client ~]#echo 'this test-1' >> /mnt/ceph-disk1/1.txt
[root@ceph-client ~]#echo 'this test-2' >> /mnt/ceph-disk1/2.txt
[root@ceph-client ~]#ls /mnt/ceph-disk1/
1.txt 2.txt
创建快照
[root@ceph-client ~]#rbd snap create rbd/rbd1@snap1 --user rbd
[root@ceph-client ~]#rbd snap list rbd/rbd1 --user rbd
SNAPID NAME SIZE PROTECTED TIMESTAMP
4 snap1 5 GiB Sat Jul 11 09:41:19 2020
还原快照
[root@ceph-client ~]#ls /mnt/ceph-disk1/
1.txt 2.txt
# 为了检验快照恢复后数据正确性，这里删除 2.txt 文件
[root@ceph-client ~]#rm -rf /mnt/ceph-disk1/2.txt
[root@ceph-client ~]#ls /mnt/ceph-disk1/
1.txt
# 卸载image
[root@ceph-client ~]#umount /dev/rbd0
[root@ceph-client ~]#rbd unmap rbd/rbd1 --user rbd
[root@ceph-client ~]#lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sr0 11:0 1 4.4G 0 rom /mnt/centos7
vda 252:0 0 100G 0 disk
├─vda1 252:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
└─vda2 252:2 0 99G 0 part
├─centos-root 253:0 0 50G 0 lvm /
├─centos-swap 253:1 0 7.9G 0 lvm [SWAP]
└─centos-home 253:2 0 41.1G 0 lvm /home
[root@ceph-client ~]#rbd snap list rbd/rbd1 --user rbd
SNAPID NAME SIZE PROTECTED TIMESTAMP
4 snap1 5 GiB Sat Jul 11 09:41:19 2020
# 还原快照
[root@ceph-client ~]#rbd snap rollback rbd/rbd1@snap1 --user rbd
Rolling back to snapshot: 100% complete...done.
# 映射image
[root@ceph-client ~]#rbd map rbd/rbd1 --user rbd
/dev/rbd0
[root@ceph-client ~]#lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sr0 11:0 1 4.4G 0 rom /mnt/centos7
vda 252:0 0 100G 0 disk
├─vda1 252:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
└─vda2 252:2 0 99G 0 part
├─centos-root 253:0 0 50G 0 lvm /
├─centos-swap 253:1 0 7.9G 0 lvm [SWAP]
└─centos-home 253:2 0 41.1G 0 lvm /home
rbd0 251:0 0 5G 0 disk
[root@ceph-client ~]#mount /dev/rbd0 /mnt/ceph-disk1/
# 数据恢复到快照前
[root@ceph-client ~]#ls /mnt/ceph-disk1/
1.txt 2.txt
删除快照
[root@ceph-client ~]#rbd snap list rbd/rbd1 --user rbd
SNAPID NAME SIZE PROTECTED TIMESTAMP
4 snap1 5 GiB Sat Jul 11 09:41:19 2020
[root@ceph-client ~]#rbd snap rm rbd/rbd1@snap1 --user rbd
Removing snap: 100% complete...done.
[root@ceph-client ~]#rbd snap list rbd/rbd1 --user rbd
快照次数限制
[root@ceph-client ~]#rbd snap limit set rbd/rbd1 --limit 10 --user rbd
清除快照次数限制
[root@ceph-client ~]#rbd snap limit clear rbd/rbd1 --user rbd
克隆
这里主要做的是基于快照的克隆，克隆所采用的也是 cow，叫做 copy on write 也就是常说的 “写时复制”，更贴切的说法叫“写的时候，再复制”。这里的克隆就是基于快照创建的克隆只创建了映射到源的逻辑，还没有给克隆分配真实的物理空间。这里要理解这一点。虽然快照是只读的，但是基于快照创建的克隆是可读可写的。当我们对克隆的镜像执行写操作的时候，系统才会真正的给克隆的镜像分配物理空间。克隆的镜像或者被写过的克隆镜像都是可以正常使用的和镜像本身是一样的。这就是所谓的 cow。当对克隆的镜像没有写而是读的时候，那么读取的是被克隆的快照，明白了上面的道理所有我们知道从快照克隆的镜像是依赖于快照的，一旦快照被删除则这个克隆镜像也就毁了，所以我们要保护这个快照。
创建克隆
# 创建克隆前，第一步要保护快照，以下错误提示要求先执行保护快照
[root@ceph-client ~]#rbd clone rbd/rbd1@snap1 rbd/rbd1-snap1-clone --user rbd
2020-07-11 10:05:48.783 7fb34f7fe700 -1 librbd::image::CloneRequest: 0x5647acbcf850 validate_parent: parent snapshot must be protected
rbd: clone error: (22) Invalid argument
# 执行保护快照
[root@ceph-client ~]#rbd snap protect rbd/rbd1@snap1 --user rbd
[root@ceph-client ~]#rbd snap list rbd/rbd1 --user rbd
SNAPID NAME SIZE PROTECTED TIMESTAMP
8 snap1 5 GiB yes Sat Jul 11 10:04:34 2020
# 创建克隆
[root@ceph-client ~]#rbd clone rbd/rbd1@snap1 rbd/rbd1-snap1-clone --user rbd
# 查看克隆
[root@ceph-client ~]#rbd ls -l --user rbd
NAME SIZE PARENT FMT PROT LOCK
rbd1 5 GiB 2
rbd1@snap1 5 GiB 2 yes
rbd1-snap1-clone 5 GiB rbd/rbd1@snap1 2
# 查看克隆的详细信息
[root@ceph-client ~]#rbd info rbd1-snap1-clone --user rbd
rbd image 'rbd1-snap1-clone':
size 5 GiB in 1280 objects
order 22 (4 MiB objects)
snapshot_count: 0
id: 12613ea38941
block_name_prefix: rbd_data.12613ea38941
format: 2
features: layering
op_features:
flags:
create_timestamp: Sat Jul 11 10:07:20 2020
access_timestamp: Sat Jul 11 10:07:20 2020
modify_timestamp: Sat Jul 11 10:07:20 2020
parent: rbd/rbd1@snap1
overlap: 5 GiB
克隆成功的镜像是依赖于快照的，能看到 parent 和 overlap
比如想要 克隆独立存在，不依赖于快照，就需要对克隆和快照做一个合并：
# 对克隆进行合并
[root@ceph-client ~]#rbd flatten rbd/rbd1-snap1-clone --user rbd
Image flatten: 100% complete...done.
# 查看克隆是否独立存在，没有了 parent 和 overlap
[root@ceph-client ~]#rbd info rbd1-snap1-clone --user rbd
rbd image 'rbd1-snap1-clone':
size 5 GiB in 1280 objects
order 22 (4 MiB objects)
snapshot_count: 0
id: 12613ea38941
block_name_prefix: rbd_data.12613ea38941
format: 2
features: layering
op_features:
flags:
create_timestamp: Sat Jul 11 10:07:20 2020
access_timestamp: Sat Jul 11 10:07:20 2020
modify_timestamp: Sat Jul 11 10:07:20 2020
如果快照不在时候用这里就可以直接删除快照:
注意：这里删除快照需要先解除保护模式
[root@ceph-client ~]#rbd info rbd/rbd1@snap1 --user rbd
rbd image 'rbd1':
size 5 GiB in 1280 objects
order 22 (4 MiB objects)
snapshot_count: 1
id: 112fe2290ad6
block_name_prefix: rbd_data.112fe2290ad6
format: 2
features: layering
op_features:
flags:
create_timestamp: Sat Jul 11 09:14:18 2020
access_timestamp: Sat Jul 11 13:44:17 2020
modify_timestamp: Sat Jul 11 09:14:18 2020
protected: True
# 解除对快照的保护
[root@ceph-client ~]#rbd snap unprotect rbd/rbd1@snap1 --user rbd
[root@ceph-client ~]#rbd info rbd/rbd1@snap1 --user rbd
rbd image 'rbd1':
size 5 GiB in 1280 objects
order 22 (4 MiB objects)
snapshot_count: 1
id: 112fe2290ad6
block_name_prefix: rbd_data.112fe2290ad6
format: 2
features: layering
op_features:
flags:
create_timestamp: Sat Jul 11 09:14:18 2020
access_timestamp: Sat Jul 11 13:44:17 2020
modify_timestamp: Sat Jul 11 09:14:18 2020
protected: False
[root@ceph-client ~]#rbd ls -l --user rbd
NAME SIZE PARENT FMT PROT LOCK
rbd1 5 GiB 2
rbd1@snap1 5 GiB 2
rbd1-snap1-clone 5 GiB 2
# 删除快照
[root@ceph-client ~]#rbd snap rm rbd/rbd1@snap1 --user rbd
Removing snap: 100% complete...done.
[root@ceph-client ~]#rbd ls -l --user rbd
NAME SIZE PARENT FMT PROT LOCK
rbd1 5 GiB 2
rbd1-snap1-clone 5 GiB 2
