kubernetes(七)--安全机制

一、安全机制说明

Kubernetes 作为一个分布式集群的管理工具，保证集群的安全性是其一个重要的任务。API Server 是集群内部各个组件通信的中介，也是外部控制的入口。所以 Kubernetes 的安全机制基本就是围绕保护 API Server 来设计的。Kubernetes 使用了认证（Authentication）、鉴权（Authorization）、准入控制（AdmissionControl）三步来保证API Server的安全

二、认证--Authentication

2.1、认证的方式

1）HTTP Token 认证

通过一个 Token 来识别合法用户

HTTP Token 的认证是用一个很长的特殊编码方式的并且难以被模仿的字符串 - Token 来表达客户的一种方式。Token 是一个很长的很复杂的字符串，每一个 Token 对应一个用户名存储在 API Server 能访问的文件中。当客户端发起 API 调用请求时，需要在 HTTP Header 里放入 Token

2）HTTP Base 认证

通过用户名+密码的方式认证

用户名+密码用 BASE64 算法进行编码后的字符串放在 HTTP Request 中的 HeatherAuthorization 域里发送给服务端，服务端收到后进行编码，获取用户名及密码

3）HTTPS 证书认证

最严格，基于 CA 根证书签名的客户端身份认证方式

2.2、认证组件

2.2.1、两种类型

Kubenetes 组件对 API Server 的访问：kubectl、Controller Manager、Scheduler、kubelet、kube-proxy

Kubernetes 管理的 Pod 对容器的访问：Pod（dashborad 也是以 Pod 形式运行）

2.2.2、安全性说明

Controller Manager、Scheduler 与 API Server 在同一台机器，所以直接使用 API Server 的非安全端口访问，--insecure-bind-address=127.0.0.1

kubectl、kubelet、kube-proxy 访问 API Server 就都需要证书进行 HTTPS 双向认证

2.2.3、证书颁发

手动签发：通过 k8s 集群的跟 ca 进行签发 HTTPS 证书

自动签发：kubelet 首次访问 API Server 时，使用 token 做认证，通过后，Controller Manager 会为kubelet 生成一个证书，以后的访问都是用证书做认证了

2.3、kubeconfig

kubeconfig 文件包含集群参数（CA证书、API Server地址），客户端参数（上面生成的证书和私钥），集群context 信息（集群名称、用户名）。Kubenetes 组件通过启动时指定不同的 kubeconfig 文件可以切换到不同的集群

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# cd .kube/
[root@k8s-master01 .kube]# ls
cache  config  http-cache
[root@k8s-master01 .kube]# cat config 
apiVersion: v1
clusters:
- cluster:
    certificate-authority-data: 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
    server: https://10.0.0.11:6443
  name: kubernetes
contexts:
- context:
    cluster: kubernetes
    user: kubernetes-admin
  name: kubernetes-admin@kubernetes
current-context: kubernetes-admin@kubernetes
kind: Config
preferences: {}
users:
- name: kubernetes-admin
  user:
    client-certificate-data: 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
    client-key-data: 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

2.4、ServiceAccount

Pod中的容器访问API Server。因为Pod的创建、销毁是动态的，所以要为它手动生成证书就不可行了。Kubenetes使用了Service Account解决Pod 访问API Server的认证问题

2.5、Secret 与 SA 的关系

Kubernetes 设计了一种资源对象叫做 Secret，分为两类，一种是用于 ServiceAccount 的 service-account-token，另一种是用于保存用户自定义保密信息的 Opaque。ServiceAccount 中用到包含三个部分：Token、ca.crt、namespace

token是使用 API Server 私钥签名的 JWT。用于访问API Server时，Server端认证
ca.crt，根证书。用于Client端验证API Server发送的证书
namespace, 标识这个service-account-token的作用域名空间

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get secret --all-namespaces
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl describe secret default-token-5gm9r --namespace=kube-system

默认情况下，每个 namespace 都会有一个 ServiceAccount，如果 Pod 在创建时没有指定 ServiceAccount，就会使用 Pod 所属的 namespace 的 ServiceAccount

2.6、总结

三、鉴权--Authorization

上面认证过程，只是确认通信的双方都确认了对方是可信的，可以相互通信。而鉴权是确定请求方有哪些资源的权限。API Server 目前支持以下几种授权策略（通过 API Server 的启动参数 “--authorization-mode” 设置）

AlwaysDeny：表示拒绝所有的请求，一般用于测试
AlwaysAllow：允许接收所有请求，如果集群不需要授权流程，则可以采用该策略
ABAC（Attribute-Based Access Control）：基于属性的访问控制，表示使用用户配置的授权规则对用户请求进行匹配和控制
Webbook：通过调用外部 REST 服务对用户进行授权
RBAC（Role-Based Access Control）：基于角色的访问控制，现行默认规则（常用）

3.1、RBAC 授权模式

RBAC（Role-Based Access Control）基于角色的访问控制，在 Kubernetes 1.5 中引入，现行版本成为默认标准。相对其它访问控制方式，拥有以下优势：

对集群中的资源和非资源均拥有完整的覆盖
整个 RBAC 完全由几个 API 对象完成，同其它 API 对象一样，可以用 kubectl 或 API 进行操作
可以在运行时进行调整，无需重启 API Server

3.2、RBAC 的 API 资源对象说明

RBAC 引入了 4 个新的顶级资源对象：Role、ClusterRole、RoleBinding、ClusterRoleBinding，4 种对象类型均可以通过 kubectl 与 API 操作

需要注意的是 Kubenetes 并不会提供用户管理，那么 User、Group、ServiceAccount 指定的用户又是从哪里来的呢？ Kubenetes 组件（kubectl、kube-proxy）或是其他自定义的用户在向 CA 申请证书时，需要提供一个证书请求文件

API Server会把客户端证书的CN字段作为User，把names.O字段作为Group

kubelet 使用 TLS Bootstaping 认证时，API Server 可以使用 Bootstrap Tokens 或者 Token authenticationfile 验证=token，无论哪一种，Kubenetes 都会为 token 绑定一个默认的 User 和 Group

Pod使用 ServiceAccount 认证时，service-account-token 中的 JWT 会保存 User 信息

有了用户信息，再创建一对角色/角色绑定(集群角色/集群角色绑定)资源对象，就可以完成权限绑定了

3.3、Role and ClusterRole

在 RBAC API 中，Role 表示一组规则权限，权限只会增加(累加权限)，不存在一个资源一开始就有很多权限而通过RBAC 对其进行减少的操作；Role 可以定义在一个 namespace 中，如果想要跨 namespace 则可以创建ClusterRole

ClusterRole 具有与 Role 相同的权限角色控制能力，不同的是 ClusterRole 是集群级别的，ClusterRole 可以用于:

集群级别的资源控制( 例如 node 访问权限 )
非资源型 endpoints( 例如/healthz访问 )
所有命名空间资源控制(例如 pods )

3.4、RoleBinding and ClusterRoleBinding

RoloBinding 可以将角色中定义的权限授予用户或用户组，RoleBinding 包含一组权限列表(subjects)，权限列表中包含有不同形式的待授予权限资源类型(users, groups, or service accounts)；RoloBinding 同样包含对被Bind 的 Role 引用；RoleBinding 适用于某个命名空间内授权，而 ClusterRoleBinding 适用于集群范围内的授权

示例：将 default 命名空间的pod-reader Role 授予 jane 用户，此后 jane 用户在 default 命名空间中将具有pod-reader的权限

RoleBinding 同样可以引用 ClusterRole 来对当前 namespace 内用户、用户组或 ServiceAccount 进行授权，这种操作允许集群管理员在整个集群内定义一些通用的 ClusterRole，然后在不同的 namespace 中使用RoleBinding 来引用

例如，以下 RoleBinding 引用了一个 ClusterRole，这个 ClusterRole 具有整个集群内对 secrets 的访问权限；但是其授权用户dave只能访问 development 空间中的 secrets(因为 RoleBinding 定义在 development 命名空间)

使用 ClusterRoleBinding 可以对整个集群中的所有命名空间资源权限进行授权；以下 ClusterRoleBinding 样例展示了授权 manager 组内所有用户在全部命名空间中对 secrets 进行访问

3.5、Resources

Kubernetes 集群内一些资源一般以其名称字符串来表示，这些字符串一般会在 API 的 URL 地址中出现；同时某些资源也会包含子资源，例如 logs 资源就属于 pods 的子资源，API 中 URL 样例如下

GET /api/v1/namespaces/{namespace}/pods/{name}/log

如果要在 RBAC 授权模型中控制这些子资源的访问权限，可以通过 / 分隔符来实现，以下是一个定义 pods 资资源logs 访问权限的 Role 定义样例

3.6、to Subjects

RoleBinding 和 ClusterRoleBinding 可以将 Role 绑定到 Subjects；Subjects 可以是 groups、users 或者service accounts

Subjects 中 Users 使用字符串表示，它可以是一个普通的名字字符串，如 “alice”；也可以是 email 格式的邮箱地址，如 “linux@163.com”；甚至是一组字符串形式的数字 ID 。但是 Users 的前缀 system: 是系统保留的，集群管理员应该确保普通用户不会使用这个前缀格式

Groups 书写格式与 Users 相同，都为一个字符串，并且没有特定的格式要求；同样 system: 前缀为系统保留

3.7、实践：创建一个用户只能管理 dev 空间

1）linux服务器创建用户

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# useradd devuser
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# echo "123456"|passwd --stdin devuser
Changing password for user devuser.
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# su - devuser
[devuser@k8s-master01 ~]$ kubectl get pod
The connection to the server localhost:8080 was refused - did you specify the right host or port?

2）下载证书生成工具

[root@k8s-master01 k8s]# mkdir Authorization
[root@k8s-master01 k8s]# cd Authorization
[root@k8s-master01 Authorization]# pwd
/root/k8s/Authorization
[root@k8s-master01 Authorization]# wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl_linux-amd64
[root@k8s-master01 Authorization]# wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssljson_linux-amd64
[root@k8s-master01 Authorization]# wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
[root@k8s-master01 Authorization]# chmod +x ./*
[root@k8s-master01 Authorization]# ls
cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64  cfssljson_linux-amd64  cfssl_linux-amd64
[root@k8s-master01 Authorization]# cp cfssl_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl
[root@k8s-master01 Authorization]# cp cfssljson_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssljson
[root@k8s-master01 Authorization]# cp cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl-certinfo

3）创建证书请求文件

[root@k8s-master01 k8s]# pwd
/root/k8s
[root@k8s-master01 k8s]# mkdir cert
[root@k8s-master01 k8s]# cd cert/
[root@k8s-master01 cert]# vim devuser-csr.json
{
  "CN": "devuser",
  "hosts": [],
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048  
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "ST": "BeiJing",
      "L": "BeiJing",
      "O": "k8s",
      "OU": "System"    
    }  
  ]
}

4 ）创建证书

[root@k8s-master01 pki]# cfssl gencert -ca=ca.crt -ca-key=ca.key  -profile=kubernetes /root/k8s/cert/devuser-csr.json | cfssljson -bare devuser
2020/02/06 10:22:57 [INFO] generate received request
2020/02/06 10:22:57 [INFO] received CSR
2020/02/06 10:22:57 [INFO] generating key: rsa-2048
2020/02/06 10:22:57 [INFO] encoded CSR
2020/02/06 10:22:57 [INFO] signed certificate with serial number 240797140666079034092581066556520895112609035699
2020/02/06 10:22:57 [WARNING] This certificate lacks a "hosts" field. This makes it unsuitable for
websites. For more information see the Baseline Requirements for the Issuance and Management
of Publicly-Trusted Certificates, v.1.1.6, from the CA/Browser Forum (https://cabforum.org);
specifically, section 10.2.3 ("Information Requirements").
[root@k8s-master01 pki]# ls devuser*
devuser.csr  devuser-key.pem  devuser.pem

5）设置集群参数

[root@k8s-master01 cert]# export KUBE_APISERVER="https://10.0.0.11:6443"
[root@k8s-master01 cert]# kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes --certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.crt --embed-certs=true --server=${KUBE_APISERVER} --kubeconfig=devuser.kubeconfig
Cluster "kubernetes" set.
[root@k8s-master01 cert]# cat devuser.kubeconfig 
apiVersion: v1
clusters:
- cluster:
    certificate-authority-data: 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
    server: https://10.0.0.11:6443
  name: kubernetes
contexts: []
current-context: ""
kind: Config
preferences: {}
users: []

6）设置客户端认证参数

[root@k8s-master01 cert]# kubectl config set-credentials devuser --client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/pki/devuser.pem --client-key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/devuser-key.pem --embed-certs=true --kubeconfig=devuser.kubeconfig
User "devuser" set.
[root@k8s-master01 cert]# cat devuser.kubeconfig 
apiVersion: v1
clusters:
- cluster:
    certificate-authority-data: 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
    server: https://10.0.0.11:6443
  name: kubernetes
contexts: []
current-context: ""
kind: Config
preferences: {}
users:
- name: devuser
  user:
    client-certificate-data: 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
    client-key-data: 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

7）设置上下文参数

#创建dev的namespace
[root@k8s-master01 cert]# kubectl create namespace dev
namespace/dev created

#设置上下文参数
[root@k8s-master01 cert]# kubectl config set-context kubernetes --cluster=kubernetes --user=devuser --namespace=dev --kubeconfig=devuser.kubeconfig
Context "kubernetes" created.
[root@k8s-master01 cert]# cat devuser.kubeconfig 
apiVersion: v1
clusters:
- cluster:
    certificate-authority-data: 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
    server: https://10.0.0.11:6443
  name: kubernetes
contexts:
- context:
    cluster: kubernetes
    namespace: dev
    user: devuser
  name: kubernetes
current-context: ""
kind: Config
preferences: {}
users:
- name: devuser
  user:
    client-certificate-data: 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
    client-key-data: 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

8）创建rolebinding角色绑定

#创建角色绑定
[root@k8s-master01 cert]# kubectl create rolebinding devuser-admin-binding --clusterrole=admin --user=devuser --namespace=dev
rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/devuser-admin-binding created

#将配置文件拷贝置devuser用户家目录并授权
[root@k8s-master01 cert]# mkdir /home/devuser/.kube
[root@k8s-master01 cert]# cp devuser.kubeconfig /home/devuser/.kube
[root@k8s-master01 cert]# chown devuser:devuser /home/devuser/.kube/devuser.kubeconfig

#重命名
[root@k8s-master01 cert]# cp /home/devuser/.kube/{devuser.kubeconfig,config}
[root@k8s-master01 cert]# ls /home/devuser/.kube/
config  devuser.kubeconfig
[root@k8s-master01 cert]# chown -R devuser:devuser /home/devuser/.kube  #特别注意要授权，报错error: open /home/devuser/.kube/config.lock: permission denied

9）devuser用户切换上下文

[devuser@k8s-master01 ~]$ cd .kube/
[devuser@k8s-master01 .kube]$ kubectl config use-context kubernetes --kubeconfig=config
Switched to context "kubernetes".
[devuser@k8s-master01 .kube]$ kubectl get pod
No resources found.

10）测试

[devuser@k8s-master01 ~]$ kubectl run nginx --image=hub.dianchou.com/library/myapp:v1
kubectl run --generator=deployment/apps.v1 is DEPRECATED and will be removed in a future version. Use kubectl run --generator=run-pod/v1 or kubectl create instead.
deployment.apps/nginx created
[devuser@k8s-master01 ~]$ kubectl get pod
NAME                     READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
nginx-7f5f6bd68c-xj4lb   1/1     Running   0          11s

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get pod --all-namespaces -o wide|grep nginx
dev             nginx-7f5f6bd68c-xj4lb                      1/1     Running   0          90s     10.244.1.238   k8s-node01     <none>           <none>
ingress-nginx   nginx-ingress-controller-5876d56d4c-d7gb8   1/1     Running   0          18h     10.244.2.174   k8s-node02     <none>           <none>

[devuser@k8s-master01 ~]$ kubectl get pod -n default
Error from server (Forbidden): pods is forbidden: User "devuser" cannot list resource "pods" in API group "" in the namespace "default"

四、准入控制

准入控制是API Server的插件集合，通过添加不同的插件，实现额外的准入控制规则。甚至于API Server的一些主要的功能都需要通过 Admission Controllers 实现，比如 ServiceAccount

官方文档上有一份针对不同版本的准入控制器推荐列表，其中最新的 1.14 的推荐列表是：

列举几个插件的功能：

NamespaceLifecycle：防止在不存在的 namespace 上创建对象，防止删除系统预置 namespace，删除namespace 时，连带删除它的所有资源对象。
LimitRanger：确保请求的资源不会超过资源所在 Namespace 的 LimitRange 的限制。
ServiceAccount：实现了自动化添加 ServiceAccount。
ResourceQuota：确保请求的资源不会超过资源的 ResourceQuota 限制。

posted @ 2020-02-05 22:08 运维人在路上阅读(2299) 评论(0) 编辑收藏举报

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