prometheus安装和使用记录
# prometheus
mkdir -m=777 -p /data/{download,app_logs,app/prometheus} cd /data/download wget https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/releases/download/v2.45.0-rc.0/prometheus-2.45.0-rc.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz tar xvfz prometheus-*.tar.gz
ln -s /data/download/prometheus-2.45.0-rc.0.linux-amd64/prometheus /usr/bin/prometheus
cp /data/download/prometheus-2.45.0-rc.0.linux-amd64/prometheus.yml /data/app/prometheus/prometheus.yml
prometheus --config.file=/data/app/prometheus/prometheus.yml --web.listen-address=:9090 --web.enable-lifecycle --storage.tsdb.path=/data/app/prometheus/data >>/data/app_logs/prometheus.log 2>&1 &
# node_exporter 在需要监控的服务器里安装
mkdir -m=777 -p /data/{download,app_logs,app/prometheus}
cd /data/download
wget https://github.com/prometheus/node_exporter/releases/download/v1.6.0/node_exporter-1.6.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar xvfz node_exporter*
ln -s /data/download/node_exporter-1.6.0.linux-amd64/node_exporter /usr/bin/node_exporter
# 启动node_exporter,服务器暴露的端口是8080，同时服务器里有其他服务占用了8080端口，可以使用nginx将node_exporter获取指标的api暴露出去
# location /metrics {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:9000/metrics;
# }
node_exporter --web.listen-address 127.0.0.1:9000 >>/data/app_logs/node_exporter.log 2>&1 &
# 添加node_exporter之后，需要更新prometheus.xml添加targets，然后运行：curl -X PUT http://server_address:port/-/reload重新加载配置文件
# alert_manager可以和prometheus安装到同一台服务器
cd /data/download
wget https://github.com/prometheus/alertmanager/releases/download/v0.25.0/alertmanager-0.25.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar xvfz alertmanager*
ln -s /data/download/alertmanager-0.25.0.linux-amd64/alertmanager /usr/bin/alertmanager
cp /data/download/alertmanager-0.25.0.linux-amd64/alertmanager.yml /data/app/prometheus/alertmanager.yml
alertmanager --config.file=/data/app/prometheus/alertmanager.yml --web.listen-address 127.0.0.1:9001 >>/data/app_logs/node_exporter.log 2>&1 &
# 将alert_manager的地址添加到prometheus.yml里的alertmanagers的targets里，然后运行：curl -X PUT http://server_address:port/-/reload重新加载配置文件
测试报警邮件功能：设置如果安装exporter的服务器内存占用率超过50%或者tcp timewait超过10的时候就发邮件（在实际工作中需要设置一个合适的条件）：
prometheus.yml里添加rule_files的路径：
# my global config global: scrape_interval: 15s # Set the scrape interval to every 15 seconds. Default is every 1 minute. evaluation_interval: 15s # Evaluate rules every 15 seconds. The default is every 1 minute. # scrape_timeout is set to the global default (10s). # Alertmanager configuration alerting: alertmanagers: - static_configs: - targets: - 127.0.0.1:9001 # Load rules once and periodically evaluate them according to the global 'evaluation_interval'. rule_files: # - "first_rules.yml" # - "second_rules.yml" - "/data/app/prometheus/alert.rules.yml" # A scrape configuration containing exactly one endpoint to scrape: # Here it's Prometheus itself. scrape_configs: # The job name is added as a label `job=<job_name>` to any timeseries scraped from this config. - job_name: "prometheus" # metrics_path defaults to '/metrics' # scheme defaults to 'http'. scrape_interval: 5s static_configs: - targets: ["node1_ip:8080"] - targets: ["node2_ip:8080"] labels: groups: 'container'
alert.rules.yml里添加具体的rule，node_socket_TCP_tw这些具体的指标通过http://node_exporter_ip:port/metrics可以获取到
groups: - name: tcp-alert-group rules: - alert: TcpTimeWait expr: node_sockstat_TCP_tw > 10 for: 10m labels: severity: warning annotations: summary: tcp time wait more than 10 description: please check node_sockstat_TCP_tw metric - alert: MemoryUse expr: (node_memory_MemTotal_bytes-node_memory_MemFree_bytes-node_memory_Buffers_bytes-node_memory_Cached_bytes)/node_memory_MemTotal_bytes > 0.5 for: 10m labels: severity: warning annotations: summary: memory use more than 50% for 10 min description: please check memory use
alertmanager.yml里配置告警邮件的信息：
global: resolve_timeout: 5m smtp_smarthost: your_smpt_host:port smtp_from: alertmanager@your_email_domain smtp_require_tls: false route: group_by: ['alertname'] group_wait: 30s group_interval: 5m repeat_interval: 10m receiver: 'email' receivers: - name: 'email' email_configs: - to: 'receiver_email' send_resolved: true
yml文件一旦更新，需要重新加载配置：curl -X PUT http://server_address:port/-/reload
在Prometheus的界面可以看到添加的alert：
当alert的条件满足后，alertmanager就会发邮件
grafana的安装和启动：
# grafana可以和prometheus里安装到同一台服务器 yum install -y https://dl.grafana.com/enterprise/release/grafana-enterprise-10.0.0-1.x86_64.rpm # grafana默认启动的端口号是3000，如果服务器没有暴露3000端口的话，需要修改grafana的配置文件 sed -i 's/3000/8080/g' /usr/share/grafana/conf/defaults.ini grafana server >> /data/app_logs/grafana.log 2>&1 & # grafana数据保存地址：/var/lib/grafana.db
grafana启动之后就可以在浏览器上打开对应的地址，初次登录用户名和密码：admin/admin
Data sources里添加prometheus，grafana和prometheus启动在同一台服务器里的话，地址就可以用localhost
添加dashboard，在Explore里可以查询指标并且添加到dashboard
cpu使用率：avg(1-irate(node_cpu_seconds_total{mode="idle"}[1m])) by(instance)
内存使用率：(node_memory_MemTotal_bytes-node_memory_MemFree_bytes-node_memory_Buffers_bytes-node_memory_Cached_bytes)/node_memory_MemTotal_bytes
tcp连接数：node_sockstat_TCP_alloc
dashboard：
注意点：
1.prometheus启动的时候添加--web.enable-lifecycle才允许通过调用/-/reload接口重新加载配置文件
2.prometheus启动的时候指定一个固定的数据存放位置--storage.tsdb.path=/data/app/prometheus/data，如果数据存放位置不一致，启动后查不到历史数据，历史数据做备份的话，prometheus启动的服务器还可以变更
3.grafana的数据保存地址：/var/lib/grafana.db，定期做备份，服务器发生系统错误无法使用的时候，在新的服务器里同步/var/lib/grafana.db文件之后，启动grafana之前的配置不会丢失
