享元模式(学习笔记１１)

本质：

1. 缓存共享对象，降低内存消耗

什么时候用：

1. 系统中存在大量相同或相似的对象，这些对象耗费大量的内存资源。
2. 大部分的对象可以按照内部状态进行分组，且可将不同部分外部化，这样每一个组只需保存一个内部状态。
3. 由于享元模式需要额外维护一个保存享元的数据结构，所以应当在有足够多的享元实例时才值得使用享元模式。

主要角色：

1. 抽象享元角色（Flyweight）：是所有的具体享元类的基类，为具体享元规范需要实现的公共接口，非享元的外部状态以参数的形式通过方法传入。
2. 具体享元（Concrete Flyweight）角色：实现抽象享元角色中所规定的接口。
3. 非享元（Unsharable Flyweight)角色：是不可以共享的外部状态，它以参数的形式注入具体享元的相关方法中。
4. 享元工厂（Flyweight Factory）角色：负责创建和管理享元角色。当客户对象请求一个享元对象时，享元工厂检査系统中是否存在符合要求的享元对象，如果存在则提供给客户；如果不存在的话，则创建一个新的享元对象。

结构图：

示例代码：

public class FlyweightPattern {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        FlyweightFactory factory = new FlyweightFactory();
        Flyweight f01 = factory.getFlyweight("a");
        Flyweight f02 = factory.getFlyweight("a");
        Flyweight f03 = factory.getFlyweight("a");
        Flyweight f11 = factory.getFlyweight("b");
        Flyweight f12 = factory.getFlyweight("b");
        f01.operation(new UnsharedConcreteFlyweight("第1次调用a。"));
        f02.operation(new UnsharedConcreteFlyweight("第2次调用a。"));
        f03.operation(new UnsharedConcreteFlyweight("第3次调用a。"));
        f11.operation(new UnsharedConcreteFlyweight("第1次调用b。"));
        f12.operation(new UnsharedConcreteFlyweight("第2次调用b。"));
    }
}

//非享元角色
class UnsharedConcreteFlyweight {
    private String info;

    UnsharedConcreteFlyweight(String info) {
        this.info = info;
    }

    public String getInfo() {
        return info;
    }

    public void setInfo(String info) {
        this.info = info;
    }
}

//抽象享元角色
interface Flyweight {
    public void operation(UnsharedConcreteFlyweight state);
}

//具体享元角色
class ConcreteFlyweight implements Flyweight {
    private String key;

    ConcreteFlyweight(String key) {
        this.key = key;
        System.out.println("具体享元" + key + "被创建！");
    }

    public void operation(UnsharedConcreteFlyweight outState) {
        System.out.print("具体享元" + key + "被调用，");
        System.out.println("非享元信息是:" + outState.getInfo());
    }
}

//享元工厂角色
class FlyweightFactory {
    private HashMap<String, Flyweight> flyweights = new HashMap<String, Flyweight>();

    public Flyweight getFlyweight(String key) {
        Flyweight flyweight = (Flyweight) flyweights.get(key);
        if (flyweight != null) {
            System.out.println("具体享元" + key + "已经存在，被成功获取！");
        } else {
            flyweight = new ConcreteFlyweight(key);
            flyweights.put(key, flyweight);
        }
        return flyweight;
    }
}