Nginx实现多个站点使用一个端口(配置Nginx的虚拟主机)

Nginx 是一个轻量级高性能的 Web 服务器, 并发处理能力强, 消耗资源小, 无论是静态服务器还是网站, Nginx 表现更加出色, 作为 Apache 的补充和替代使用率越来越高,目前很多大型网站都在使用Nginx做为 Web 服务器,例如:人人网。另外淘宝研发大军针对大访问量网站的需求,对Nginx做了专门的定制,添加了很多高级功能和特性(Tengine),Tengine的性能和稳定性已经在大型的网站如淘宝网天猫商城等得到了很好的检验。

本文将讲解如何在Ubuntu Linux上使用 Nginx Web服务器来实现一台电脑一个端口(80)搭建多个网站。

绝大多数的 Nginx 运行在 Linux 机器上, 虽然有 Windows 移植版,但在Windows下的测试发现Nginx发挥不是很好. 所以本文将以 Linux 为例讲解, 而 Mac OS 或其他 Unix like 机器上的操作应该是一样的.

Nginx版本

lg@lg-PC:~$ nginx -v
nginx version: nginx/1.3.10

nginx配置文件默认目录结构

/etc/nginx/
├── conf.d
│   ├── default.conf
│   ├── example_ssl.conf
├── fastcgi.conf
├── fastcgi_params
├── koi-utf
├── koi-win
├── mime.types
├── nginx.conf
├── scgi_params
├── uwsgi_params
└── win-utf

1 directory, 11 files

增加 Nginx 虚拟主机

配置 Virtual host 步骤如下:

1.检查/etc/nginx/nginx.conf配置文件,确保文件中有:include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;   例如:

user  lg;
worker_processes  2;
error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;
pid        /var/run/nginx.pid;
events {
    worker_connections  1024;
    debug_connection 127.0.0.1;
    debug_connection 192.168.1.0/24;
}
http {
    include       /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;
    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;
    keepalive_timeout  65;
    client_max_body_size        13m;
    #gzip  on;
    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
}

2.关键步骤,在目录/etc/nginx/conf.d/下面新建文件site1.conf,site2.conf,文件名任意写,自己看明白就OK,后缀名需要与步骤1配置的一致,这里为.conf。site1代表我们的第一个站点,site2代表我们的第二个站点,下面我们看看两个文件都需要写点什么:

site1.conf:

server {
	listen		80;
	server_name	~^\d+\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+$;
	#charset koi8-r;
	error_page  404  /404.html;
	# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
	#
	error_page   500 503 504  /50x.html;
	error_log	/var/log/nginx/debug.log debug;
	index	index.html index.htm;
	root /home/lg/www/;

	location /svn {
		root /home/lg/www/;
		index index.html;
	}

        location = /favicon.ico {
        	try_files $uri $uri/favicon.ico /home/lg/www/favicon.ico =404;
        }

	location /share {
		root /home/lg/Downloads;
	}

        # Deny all attempts to access hidden files such as .htaccess, .htpasswd, .DS_Store(Mac).
        location ~ /\. {
            deny all;
        }

	location ^~ /packages {
		root /home/lg/Downloads/1software;
		autoindex on;
		autoindex_exact_size on;
		autoindex_localtime on;
		allow	all;
	}

	location ^~ /Music {
		root /home/lg/;
		autoindex on;
		autoindex_exact_size on;
		autoindex_localtime on;
		allow	all;
	}

	location ^~ /Videos {
		root /home/lg/;
		autoindex on;
		autoindex_exact_size on;
		autoindex_localtime on;
		allow	all;
	}

	location ^~ /html5 {
		root /home/lg/workspace/nodejs/;
		index index.html index.htm;
	}

	location ^~ /NginxStatus {
		stub_status	on;
		access_log	on;
		#auth_basic	'NginxStatus';
		#auth_basic_user_file	conf.d/htpasswd
	}

	location = /50x.html {
		root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
	}

	location = /404.html {
		root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
	}
}

 

site2.conf:

server {
    listen       80;
    server_name  ~^openlg.net$;
    root   /home/lg/workspace/phpworkspace/wp;
    index index.php index.html index.htm;
    location = /favicon.ico {
        try_files /home/lg/www/favicon.ico =404;
        #log_not_found off;
	#access_log off;
    }

    # Deny all attempts to access hidden files such as .htaccess, .htpasswd, .DS_Store(Mac).
    location ~ /\. {
	deny all;
    }

    location ~* /(?:uploads|files)/.*\.php$ {
	deny all;
    }

    location / {
	try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$args;
    }

    location ~* ^.+\.(ogg|ogv|svg|svgz|eot|otf|woff|mp4|ttf|rss|atom|jpg|jpeg|gif|png|ico|zip|tgz|gz|rar|bz2|doc|xls|exe|ppt|tar|mid|midi|wav|bmp|rtf)$ {
        access_log off;
        log_not_found off;
        expires max;
    }

    location ~* \.(js|css|png|jpg|jpeg|gif|ico)$ {
	expires 24h;
	log_not_found off;
    }

    error_page  404              /404.html;

    error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
    location = /50x.html {
        root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
    }

    # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
    #
    location ~ \.php$ {
	try_files $uri =404;
	fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$;
        fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        include        fastcgi_params;
	fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
    }
}

3.测试配置文件,没问题就加载新配置文件

lg@lg-PC:~$ sudo nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
lg@lg-PC:~$ sudo kill -HUP `cat /var/run/nginx.pid`
lg@lg-PC:~$

4.打开文件/etc/hosts,添加

127.0.0.1		openlg.net

5.打开浏览器分别请求下面的地址进行测试,如果相应内容不一样,那么咱们就大功告成了。

http://127.0.0.1

http://openlg.net

到这里,大家也许已经明白怎么回事了,我再罗嗦两句,我这里的site1.conf相当与一个静态文件服务器,site2.conf是一个php的网站,大家可以看到配置文件中加粗显示的两行:listen和server_name分别代表监听端口和虚拟主机名称。80端口没得说,重点解释下server_name,server_name用的是正则表达式,~^\d+\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+$匹配所有的ip地址,~^openlg.net$匹配openlg.net,这里也可以直接写成server_name    127.0.0.1;或者server_name      openlg.net;

当我们请求http://127.0.0.1/时,nginx会使用两个server_name配置的正则表达式分别去测试请求地址中的127.0.0.1来决定使用那个虚拟主机,这里当然就是使用site1.conf中配置的server了。当我们请求http://openlg.net/时,nginx就会选择使用site2.conf中配置的server了。

posted @ 2014-05-29 15:36  huidaoli  阅读(5515)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报