Python格式化、显示颜色
显示颜色
Print a string that starts a color/style, then the string, then end the color/style change with '\033[0m':
print('\033[6;30;42m' + 'Success!' + '\033[0m')
这样就可以输出 Success!
显示颜色格式：
\033[显示方式;字体色;背景色m String \033[0m
------------------------------------------- 字体色 | 背景色 | 颜色描述 ------------------------------------------- 30 | 40 | 黑色 31 | 41 | 红色 32 | 42 | 绿色 33 | 43 | 黃色 34 | 44 | 蓝色 35 | 45 | 紫红色 36 | 46 | 青蓝色 37 | 47 | 白色 ------------------------------------------- ------------------------------- 显示方式 | 效果 ------------------------------- 0 | 终端默认设置 1 | 高亮显示 4 | 使用下划线 5 | 闪烁 7 | 反白显示 8 | 不可见 -------------------------------
打印所有可用颜色:
1 def print_format_table(): 2 """ 3 prints table of formatted text format options 4 """ 5 for style in range(8): 6 for fg in range(30, 38): 7 s1 = '' 8 for bg in range(40, 48): 9 fmt = ';'.join([str(style), str(fg), str(bg)]) 10 s1 += '\033[%sm %s \033[0m' % (fmt, fmt) 11 print(s1) 12 print('\n') 13 14 15 print_format_table()
格式化输出
参考官方文档: https://docs.python.org/3/library/string.html#formatstrings
语法格式
replacement_field ::= "{" [field_name] ["!" conversion] [":" format_spec] "}" field_name ::= arg_name ("." attribute_name | "[" element_index "]")* arg_name ::= [identifier | integer] attribute_name ::= identifier element_index ::= integer | index_string index_string ::= <any source character except "]"> + conversion ::= "r" | "s" | "a" format_spec ::= <described in the next section>
format_spec ::= [[fill]align][sign][#][0][width][grouping_option][.precision][type] fill ::= <any character> align ::= "<" | ">" | "=" | "^" sign ::= "+" | "-" | " " width ::= integer grouping_option ::= "_" | "," precision ::= integer type ::= "b" | "c" | "d" | "e" | "E" | "f" | "F" | "g" | "G" | "n" | "o" | "s" | "x" | "X" | "%"
示例
通过位置
>>> '{0}, {1}, {2}'.format('a', 'b', 'c') 'a, b, c' >>> '{}, {}, {}'.format('a', 'b', 'c') # 3.1+ only 'a, b, c' >>> '{2}, {1}, {0}'.format('a', 'b', 'c') 'c, b, a' >>> '{2}, {1}, {0}'.format(*'abc') # unpacking argument sequence 'c, b, a' >>> '{0}{1}{0}'.format('abra', 'cad') # arguments' indices can be repeated 'abracadabra'
通过关键字参数
>>> 'Coordinates: {latitude}, {longitude}'.format(latitude='37.24N', longitude='-115.81W') 'Coordinates: 37.24N, -115.81W' >>> coord = {'latitude': '37.24N', 'longitude': '-115.81W'} >>> 'Coordinates: {latitude}, {longitude}'.format(**coord) 'Coordinates: 37.24N, -115.81W'
通过对象属性
>>> c = 3-5j >>> ('The complex number {0} is formed from the real part {0.real} ' ... 'and the imaginary part {0.imag}.').format(c) 'The complex number (3-5j) is formed from the real part 3.0 and the imaginary part -5.0.' >>> class Point: ... def __init__(self, x, y): ... self.x, self.y = x, y ... def __str__(self): ... return 'Point({self.x}, {self.y})'.format(self=self) ... >>> str(Point(4, 2)) 'Point(4, 2)'
通过下标
>>> coord = (3, 5) >>> 'X: {0[0]}; Y: {0[1]}'.format(coord) 'X: 3; Y: 5'
填充与对齐
填充常跟对齐一起使用
^、<、>分别是居中、左对齐、右对齐，后面带宽度
:号后面带填充的字符，只能是一个字符，不指定的话默认是用空格填充
1 '{:>8}'.format('189')
>>> ' 189' 2 '{:0>8}'.format('189')
>>> '00000189' 3 '{:a>8}'.format('189')
>>> 'aaaaa189'
>>> '{:<30}'.format('left aligned') 'left aligned ' >>> '{:>30}'.format('right aligned') ' right aligned' >>> '{:^30}'.format('centered') ' centered ' >>> '{:*^30}'.format('centered') # use '*' as a fill char '***********centered***********'
>>> for align, text in zip('<^>', ['left', 'center', 'right']): ... '{0:{fill}{align}16}'.format(text, fill=align, align=align) ... 'left<<<<<<<<<<<<' '^^^^^center^^^^^' '>>>>>>>>>>>right'
精度与类型f
精度常跟类型f一起使用
1 '{:.2f}'.format(321.33345)
>>> '321.33'
其他
字母b、d、o、x分别是二进制、十进制、八进制、十六进制。
1 width = 5 2 for num in range(16): 3 for base in 'dXob': 4 print('\033[1;31m{0:{width}{base}}\033[0m'.format(num, base=base, width=width), end=' ') 5 print()
>>> # 高亮显示红色字体, 背景颜色默认.
0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1
2 2 2 10
3 3 3 11
4 4 4 100
5 5 5 101
6 6 6 110
7 7 7 111
8 8 10 1000
9 9 11 1001
10 A 12 1010
11 B 13 1011
12 C 14 1100
13 D 15 1101
14 E 16 1110
15 F 17 1111
