正式学习React(四) 前序篇
预热
柯里化函数（curry）
通俗的来讲，可以用一句话概括柯里化函数：返回函数的函数
// example
const funcA = (a) => {
return const funcB = (b) => {
return a + b
}
};上述的funcA函数接收一个参数，并返回同样接收一个参数的funcB函数。
柯里化函数有什么好处呢？
-
避免了给一个函数传入大量的参数--我们可以通过柯里化来构建类似上例的函数嵌套，将参数的代入分离开，更有利于调试
-
降低耦合度和代码冗余，便于复用
举个栗子：
// 已知listA, listB两个Array，都由int组成，需要筛选出两个Array的交集
const listA = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
const listB = [2, 3, 4];
const checkIfDataExist = (list) => {
return (target) => {
return list.some(value => value === target)
};
};
// 调用一次checkIfDataExist函数，并将listA作为参数传入，来构建一个新的函数。
// 而新函数的作用则是：检查传入的参数是否存在于listA里
const ifDataExist = checkIfDataExist(listA);
// 使用新函数来对listB里的每一个元素进行筛选
const intersectionList = listB.filter(value => ifDataExist(value));
console.log(intersectionList); // [2, 3, 4]代码组合（compose）
代码组合就像是数学中的结合律：
const compose = (f, g) => {
return (x) => {
return f(g(x));
};
};
// 还可以再简洁点
const compose = (f, g) => (x) => f(g(x));通过这样函数之间的组合，可以大大增加可读性，效果远大于嵌套一大堆的函数调用，并且我们可以随意更改函数的调用顺序
Redux
combineReducers
// 回顾一下combineReducers的使用格式
// 两个reducer
const todos = (state = INIT.todos, action) => {
// ....
};
const filterStatus = (state = INIT.filterStatus, action) => {
// ...
};
const appReducer = combineReducers({
todos,
filterStatus
});还记得
combineReducers的黑魔法吗？即：
传入的Object参数中，对象的
key与value所代表的reducer function同名各个
reducer function的名称和需要传入该reducer的state参数同名
源码标注解读（省略部分）：
export default function combineReducers(reducers) {
// 第一次筛选，参数reducers为Object
// 筛选掉reducers中不是function的键值对
var reducerKeys = Object.keys(reducers);
var finalReducers = {}
for (var i = 0; i < reducerKeys.length; i++) {
var key = reducerKeys[i];
if (typeof reducers[key] === 'function') {
finalReducers[key] = reducers[key]
}
}
var finalReducerKeys = Object.keys(finalReducers)
// 二次筛选，判断reducer中传入的值是否合法（!== undefined）
// 获取筛选完之后的所有key
var sanityError
try {
// assertReducerSanity函数用于遍历finalReducers中的reducer，检查传入reducer的state是否合法
assertReducerSanity(finalReducers)
} catch (e) {
sanityError = e
}
// 返回一个function。该方法接收state和action作为参数
return function combination(state = {}, action) {
// 如果之前的判断reducers中有不法值，则抛出错误
if (sanityError) {
throw sanityError
}
// 如果不是production环境则抛出warning
if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
var warningMessage = getUnexpectedStateShapeWarningMessage(state, finalReducers, action)
if (warningMessage) {
warning(warningMessage)
}
}
var hasChanged = false
var nextState = {}
// 遍历所有的key和reducer，分别将reducer对应的key所代表的state，代入到reducer中进行函数调用
for (var i = 0; i < finalReducerKeys.length; i++) {
var key = finalReducerKeys[i]
var reducer = finalReducers[key]
// 这也就是为什么说combineReducers黑魔法--要求传入的Object参数中，reducer function的名称和要和state同名的原因
var previousStateForKey = state[key]
var nextStateForKey = reducer(previousStateForKey, action)
// 如果reducer返回undefined则抛出错误
if (typeof nextStateForKey === 'undefined') {
var errorMessage = getUndefinedStateErrorMessage(key, action)
throw new Error(errorMessage)
}
// 将reducer返回的值填入nextState
nextState[key] = nextStateForKey
// 如果任一state有更新则hasChanged为true
hasChanged = hasChanged || nextStateForKey !== previousStateForKey
}
return hasChanged ? nextState : state
}
}
// 检查传入reducer的state是否合法
function assertReducerSanity(reducers) {
Object.keys(reducers).forEach(key => {
var reducer = reducers[key]
// 遍历全部reducer，并给它传入(undefined, action)
// 当第一个参数传入undefined时，则为各个reducer定义的默认参数
var initialState = reducer(undefined, { type: ActionTypes.INIT })
// ActionTypes.INIT几乎不会被定义，所以会通过switch的default返回reducer的默认参数。如果没有指定默认参数，则返回undefined，抛出错误
if (typeof initialState === 'undefined') {
throw new Error(
`Reducer "${key}" returned undefined during initialization. ` +
`If the state passed to the reducer is undefined, you must ` +
`explicitly return the initial state. The initial state may ` +
`not be undefined.`
)
}
var type = '@@redux/PROBE_UNKNOWN_ACTION_' + Math.random().toString(36).substring(7).split('').join('.')
if (typeof reducer(undefined, { type }) === 'undefined') {
throw new Error(
`Reducer "${key}" returned undefined when probed with a random type. ` +
`Don't try to handle ${ActionTypes.INIT} or other actions in "redux/*" ` +
`namespace. They are considered private. Instead, you must return the ` +
`current state for any unknown actions, unless it is undefined, ` +
`in which case you must return the initial state, regardless of the ` +
`action type. The initial state may not be undefined.`
)
}
})
}createStore
// 回顾下使用方法
const store = createStore(reducers, state, enhance);源码标注解读（省略部分）：
// 对于未知的action.type，reducer必须返回默认的参数state。这个ActionTypes.INIT就可以用来监测当reducer传入未知type的action时，返回的state是否合法
export var ActionTypes = {
INIT: '@@redux/INIT'
}
export default function createStore(reducer, initialState, enhancer) {
// 检查你的state和enhance参数有没有传反
if (typeof initialState === 'function' && typeof enhancer === 'undefined') {
enhancer = initialState
initialState = undefined
}
// 如果有传入合法的enhance，则通过enhancer再调用一次createStore
if (typeof enhancer !== 'undefined') {
if (typeof enhancer !== 'function') {
throw new Error('Expected the enhancer to be a function.')
}
return enhancer(createStore)(reducer, initialState)
}
if (typeof reducer !== 'function') {
throw new Error('Expected the reducer to be a function.')
}
var currentReducer = reducer
var currentState = initialState
var currentListeners = []
var nextListeners = currentListeners
var isDispatching = false // 是否正在分发事件
function ensureCanMutateNextListeners() {
if (nextListeners === currentListeners) {
nextListeners = currentListeners.slice()
}
}
// 我们在action middleware中经常使用的getState()方法，返回当前state
function getState() {
return currentState
}
// 注册listener，同时返回一个取消事件注册的方法。当调用store.dispatch的时候调用listener
function subscribe(listener) {
if (typeof listener !== 'function') {
throw new Error('Expected listener to be a function.')
}
var isSubscribed = true
ensureCanMutateNextListeners()
nextListeners.push(listener)
return function unsubscribe() {
if (!isSubscribed) {
return
}
isSubscribed = false
// 从nextListeners中去除掉当前listener
ensureCanMutateNextListeners()
var index = nextListeners.indexOf(listener)
nextListeners.splice(index, 1)
}
}
// dispatch方法接收的action是个对象，而不是方法。
// 这个对象实际上就是我们自定义action的返回值，因为dispatch的时候，已经调用过我们的自定义action了，比如 dispatch(addTodo())
function dispatch(action) {
if (!isPlainObject(action)) {
throw new Error(
'Actions must be plain objects. ' +
'Use custom middleware for async actions.'
)
}
if (typeof action.type === 'undefined') {
throw new Error(
'Actions may not have an undefined "type" property. ' +
'Have you misspelled a constant?'
)
}
// 调用dispatch的时候只能一个个调用，通过dispatch判断调用的状态
if (isDispatching) {
throw new Error('Reducers may not dispatch actions.')
}
try {
isDispatching = true
currentState = currentReducer(currentState, action)
} finally {
isDispatching = false
}
// 遍历调用各个linster
var listeners = currentListeners = nextListeners
for (var i = 0; i < listeners.length; i++) {
listeners[i]()
}
return action
}
// Replaces the reducer currently used by the store to calculate the state.
function replaceReducer(nextReducer) {
if (typeof nextReducer !== 'function') {
throw new Error('Expected the nextReducer to be a function.')
}
currentReducer = nextReducer
dispatch({ type: ActionTypes.INIT })
}
// 当create store的时候，reducer会接受一个type为ActionTypes.INIT的action，使reducer返回他们默认的state，这样可以快速的形成默认的state的结构
dispatch({ type: ActionTypes.INIT })
return {
dispatch,
subscribe,
getState,
replaceReducer
}
}thunkMiddleware
源码及其简单简直给跪...
// 返回以 dispatch 和 getState 作为参数的action
export default function thunkMiddleware({ dispatch, getState }) {
return next => action => {
if (typeof action === 'function') {
return action(dispatch, getState);
}
return next(action);
};
}applyMiddleware
先复习下用法：
// usage
import {createStore, applyMiddleware} from 'redux';
import thunkMiddleware from 'redux-thunk';
const store = createStore(
reducers,
state,
applyMiddleware(thunkMiddleware)
);applyMiddleware首先接收thunkMiddleware作为参数，两者组合成为一个新的函数（enhance），之后在createStore内部，因为enhance的存在，将会变成返回enhancer(createStore)(reducer, initialState)
源码标注解读（省略部分）：
// 定义一个代码组合的方法
// 传入一些function作为参数，返回其链式调用的形态。例如，
// compose(f, g, h) 最终返回 (...args) => f(g(h(...args)))
export default function compose(...funcs) {
if (funcs.length === 0) {
return arg => arg
} else {
const last = funcs[funcs.length - 1]
const rest = funcs.slice(0, -1)
return (...args) => rest.reduceRight((composed, f) => f(composed), last(...args))
}
}
export default function applyMiddleware(...middlewares) {
// 最终返回一个以createStore为参数的匿名函数
// 这个函数返回另一个以reducer, initialState, enhancer为参数的匿名函数
return (createStore) => (reducer, initialState, enhancer) => {
var store = createStore(reducer, initialState, enhancer)
var dispatch
var chain = []
var middlewareAPI = {
getState: store.getState,
dispatch: (action) => dispatch(action)
}
// 每个 middleware 都以 middlewareAPI 作为参数进行注入，返回一个新的链。此时的返回值相当于调用 thunkMiddleware 返回的函数： (next) => (action) => {} ，接收一个next作为其参数
chain = middlewares.map(middleware => middleware(middlewareAPI))
// 并将链代入进 compose 组成一个函数的调用链
// compose(...chain) 返回形如(...args) => f(g(h(...args)))，f/g/h都是chain中的函数对象。
// 在目前只有 thunkMiddleware 作为 middlewares 参数的情况下，将返回 (next) => (action) => {}
// 之后以 store.dispatch 作为参数进行注入
dispatch = compose(...chain)(store.dispatch)
return {
...store,
dispatch
}
}
}一脸懵逼？没关系，来结合实际使用总结一下：
当我们搭配redux-thunk这个库的时候，在redux配合components时，通常这么写
import thunkMiddleware from 'redux-thunk';
import { createStore, applyMiddleware, combineReducer } from 'redux';
import * as reducers from './reducers.js';
const appReducer = combineReducer(reducers);
const store = createStore(appReducer, initialState, applyMiddleware(thunkMiddleware));还记得当createStore收到的参数中有enhance时会怎么做吗？
// createStore.js
if (typeof enhancer !== 'undefined') {
if (typeof enhancer !== 'function') {
throw new Error('Expected the enhancer to be a function.')
}
return enhancer(createStore)(reducer, initialState)
}也就是说，会变成下面的情况
applyMiddleware(thunkMiddleware)(createStore)(reducer, initialState)-
applyMiddleware(thunkMiddleware)applyMiddleware接收thunkMiddleware作为参数，返回形如(createStore) => (reducer, initialState, enhancer) => {}的函数。
-
applyMiddleware(thunkMiddleware)(createStore)
以 createStore 作为参数，调用上一步返回的函数(reducer, initialState, enhancer) => {}
-
applyMiddleware(thunkMiddleware)(createStore)(reducer, initialState)
以（reducer, initialState）为参数进行调用。
在这个函数内部，thunkMiddleware被调用，其作用是监测type是function的action
因此，如果dispatch的action返回的是一个function，则证明是中间件，则将(dispatch, getState)作为参数代入其中，进行action 内部下一步的操作。否则的话，认为只是一个普通的action，将通过next(也就是dispatch)进一步分发。
也就是说，applyMiddleware(thunkMiddleware)作为enhance，最终起了这样的作用：
对dispatch调用的action(例如，dispatch(addNewTodo(todo)))进行检查，如果action在第一次调用之后返回的是function，则将(dispatch, getState)作为参数注入到action返回的方法中，否则就正常对action进行分发，这样一来我们的中间件就完成喽~
因此，当action内部需要获取state，或者需要进行异步操作，在操作完成之后进行事件调用分发的话，我们就可以让action 返回一个以(dispatch, getState)为参数的function而不是通常的Object，enhance就会对其进行检测以便正确的处理。
bindActionCreator
这个方法感觉比较少见，我个人也很少用到
在传统写法下，当我们要把 state 和 action 注入到子组件中时，一般会这么做：
import { connect } from 'react-redux';
import {addTodo, deleteTodo} from './action.js';
class TodoComponect extends Component {
render() {
return (
<ChildComponent
deleteTodo={this.props.deleteTodo}
addTodo={this.props.addTodo}
/>
)
}
}
function mapStateToProps(state) {
return {
state
}
}
function mapDispatchToProps(dispatch) {
return {
deleteTodo: (id) => {
dispatch(deleteTodo(id));
},
addTodo: (todo) => {
dispatch(addTodo(todo));
}
}
}
export default connect(mapStateToProps, mapDispatchToProps)(TodoComponect);使用bindActionCreators可以把 action 转为同名 key 的对象，但使用 dispatch 把每个 action 包围起来调用
惟一使用 bindActionCreators 的场景是当你需要把 action creator 往下传到一个组件上，却不想让这个组件觉察到 Redux 的存在，而且不希望把 Redux store 或 dispatch 传给它。
import { bindActionCreators } from 'redux';
import { connect } from 'react-redux';
import {addTodo, deleteTodo} as TodoActions from './action.js';
class TodoComponect extends React.Component {
// 在本组件内的应用
addTodo(todo) {
let action = TodoActions.addTodo(todo);
this.props.dispatch(action);
}
deleteTodo(id) {
let action = TodoActions.deleteTodo(id);
this.props.dispatch(action);
}
render() {
let dispatch = this.props.dispatch;
// 传递给子组件
let boundActionCreators = bindActionCreators(TodoActions, dispatch);
return (
<ChildComponent
{...boundActionCreators}
/>
)
}
}
function mapStateToProps(state) {
return {
state
}
}
export default connect(mapStateToProps)(TodoComponect)bindActionCreator源码解析
function bindActionCreator(actionCreator, dispatch) {
return (...args) => dispatch(actionCreator(...args))
}
// bindActionCreators期待一个Object作为actionCreators传入，里面是 key: action
export default function bindActionCreators(actionCreators, dispatch) {
// 如果只是传入一个action，则通过bindActionCreator返回被绑定到dispatch的函数
if (typeof actionCreators === 'function') {
return bindActionCreator(actionCreators, dispatch)
}
if (typeof actionCreators !== 'object' || actionCreators === null) {
throw new Error(
`bindActionCreators expected an object or a function, instead received ${actionCreators === null ? 'null' : typeof actionCreators}. ` +
`Did you write "import ActionCreators from" instead of "import * as ActionCreators from"?`
)
}
// 遍历并通过bindActionCreator分发绑定至dispatch
var keys = Object.keys(actionCreators)
var boundActionCreators = {}
for (var i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) {
var key = keys[i]
var actionCreator = actionCreators[key]
if (typeof actionCreator === 'function') {
boundActionCreators[key] = bindActionCreator(actionCreator, dispatch)
}
}
return boundActionCreators
}react-redux
Provider
export default class Provider extends Component {
getChildContext() {
// 将其声明为 context 的属性之一
return { store: this.store }
}
constructor(props, context) {
super(props, context)
// 接收 redux 的 store 作为 props
this.store = props.store
}
render() {
return Children.only(this.props.children)
}
}
if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
Provider.prototype.componentWillReceiveProps = function (nextProps) {
const { store } = this
const { store: nextStore } = nextProps
if (store !== nextStore) {
warnAboutReceivingStore()
}
}
}
Provider.propTypes = {
store: storeShape.isRequired,
children: PropTypes.element.isRequired
}
Provider.childContextTypes = {
store: storeShape.isRequired
}connect
传入mapStateToProps,mapDispatchToProps,mergeProps,options。
首先获取传入的参数，如果没有则以默认值代替
const defaultMapStateToProps = state => ({}) // eslint-disable-line no-unused-vars
const defaultMapDispatchToProps = dispatch => ({ dispatch })
const { pure = true, withRef = false } = options之后，通过
const finalMergeProps = mergeProps || defaultMergeProps选择合并stateProps,dispatchProps,parentProps的方式，默认的合并方式 defaultMergeProps 为：
const defaultMergeProps = (stateProps, dispatchProps, parentProps) => ({
...parentProps,
...stateProps,
...dispatchProps
})返回一个以 Component 作为参数的函数。在这个函数内部，生成了一个叫做Connect的 Component
// ...
return function wrapWithConnect(WrappedComponent) {
const connectDisplayName = `Connect(${getDisplayName(WrappedComponent)})`
// 检查参数合法性
function checkStateShape(props, methodName) {}
// 合并props
function computeMergedProps(stateProps, dispatchProps, parentProps) {
const mergedProps = finalMergeProps(stateProps, dispatchProps, parentProps)
if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
checkStateShape(mergedProps, 'mergeProps')
}
return mergedProps
}
// start of Connect
class Connect extends Component {
constructor(props, context) {
super(props, context);
this.store = props.store || context.store
const storeState = this.store.getState()
this.state = { storeState }
this.clearCache()
}
computeStateProps(store, props) {
// 调用configureFinalMapState，使用传入的mapStateToProps方法（或默认方法），将state map进props
}
configureFinalMapState(store, props) {}
computeDispatchProps(store, props) {
// 调用configureFinalMapDispatch，使用传入的mapDispatchToProps方法（或默认方法），将action使用dispatch封装map进props
}
configureFinalMapDispatch(store, props) {}
// 判断是否更新props
updateStatePropsIfNeeded() {}
updateDispatchPropsIfNeeded() {}
updateMergedPropsIfNeeded() {}
componentDidMount() {
// 内部调用this.store.subscribe(this.handleChange.bind(this))
this.trySubscribe()
}
handleChange() {
const storeState = this.store.getState()
const prevStoreState = this.state.storeState
// 对数据进行监听，发送改变时调用
this.setState({ storeState })
}
// 取消监听，清除缓存
componentWillUnmount() {
this.tryUnsubscribe()
this.clearCache()
}
render() {
this.renderedElement = createElement(WrappedComponent,
this.mergedProps
)
return this.renderedElement
}
}
// end of Connect
Connect.displayName = connectDisplayName
Connect.WrappedComponent = WrappedComponent
Connect.contextTypes = {
store: storeShape
}
Connect.propTypes = {
store: storeShape
}
return hoistStatics(Connect, WrappedComponent)
}
// ...我们看见，在connect的最后，返回了使用hoistStatics包装的Connect和WrappedComponent
hoistStatics是什么鬼？为什么使用它?
Copies non-react specific statics from a child component to a parent component. Similar to Object.assign, but with React static keywords blacklisted from being overridden.
也就是说，它类似于Object.assign，作用是将子组件中的 static 方法复制进父组件，但不会覆盖组件中的关键字方法(如 componentDidMount)
import hoistNonReactStatic from 'hoist-non-react-statics';
hoistNonReactStatic(targetComponent, sourceComponent);