掌握渗透测试，从Web漏洞靶场搭建开始

摘要：漏洞靶场，不仅可以帮助我们锻炼渗透测试能力、可以帮助我们分析漏洞形成机理、更可以学习如何修复提高代码能力，同时也可以帮助我们检测各种各样漏洞扫描器的效果。

本文分享自华为云社区《Web漏洞靶场搭建-wavsep》，作者：XuPlus 。

渗透测试切忌纸上谈兵，学习渗透测试知识的过程中，我们通常需要一个包含漏洞的测试环境来进行训练。而在非授权情况下，对于网站进行渗透测试攻击，是触及法律法规的，所以我们常常需要自己搭建一个漏洞靶场，避免直接对公网非授权目标进行测试。

漏洞靶场，不仅可以帮助我们锻炼渗透测试能力、可以帮助我们分析漏洞形成机理、更可以学习如何修复提高代码能力，同时也可以帮助我们检测各种各样漏洞扫描器的效果。

本文将以 sectooladdict/wavsep: The Web Application Vulnerability Scanner Evaluation Project靶场为例来学习靶场搭建，结合漏洞扫描服务-华为云来发现存在的漏洞。

靶场搭建

我们找一台linux机器来进行实验

❯ cat /etc/os-release -pNAME="Ubuntu"  
VERSION="18.04.2 LTS (Bionic Beaver)"  
ID=ubuntu  
ID_LIKE=debian  
PRETTY_NAME="Ubuntu 18.04.2 LTS"  
VERSION_ID="18.04"  
HOME_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/"  
SUPPORT_URL="https://help.ubuntu.com/"  
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/"  
PRIVACY_POLICY_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/legal/terms-and-policies/privacy-policy"  
VERSION_CODENAME=bionic  
UBUNTU_CODENAME=bionic

docker

目前大部分靶场都有docker版本，我们利用docker来快速搭建靶场。docker安装可参考官网Install Docker Engine on Ubuntu | Docker Documentation安装手册，或者借助https://get.docker.com进行自动化安装

root in szvphisprd13003
> wget -qO- https://get.docker.com/ | bash

安装完成后，还需要配置docker镜像源来加速镜像拉取时间。这里配置中科大(USTC)源来进行加速,在 /etc/docker/daemon.json中配置

{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn"]
}

wavsep

WAVSEP 是经典的漏洞靶场之一，包含常见的Web漏洞（SQL/XSS/Path Travseral/…)，包含大量漏洞场景甚至假漏洞（检测扫描器误报率）,目前漏洞有

Path Traversal/LFI: 816 test cases, implemented in 816 jsp pages (GET & POST)
Remote File Inclusion (XSS via RFI): 108 test cases, implemented in 108 jsp pages (GET & POST)
Reflected XSS: 66 test cases, implemented in 64 jsp pages (GET & POST)
Error Based SQL Injection: 80 test cases, implemented in 76 jsp pages (GET & POST)
Blind SQL Injection: 46 test cases, implemented in 44 jsp pages (GET & POST)
Time Based SQL Injection: 10 test cases, implemented in 10 jsp pages (GET & POST)
Unvalidated Redirect: 60 test cases, implemented in 60 jsp pages (GET & POST)
Old, Backup and Unreferenced Files: 184 test cases, implemented in 184 files (GET Only)
Passive Information Disclosure/Session Vulnerabilities (inspired/imported from ZAP-WAVE): 3 test cases of erroneous information leakage, and 2 cases of improper authentication/information disclosure - implemented in 5 jsp pages
Experimental Test Cases (inspired/imported from ZAP-WAVE): 9 additional RXSS test cases (anticsrf tokens, secret input vectors, tag signatures, etc), and 2 additional SQLi test cases (INSERT) - implemented in 11 jsp pages (GET & POST)

使用docker安装wavsep：

root in szvphisprd13003 in ~
❯ docker search wavsep  
...
owaspvwad/wavsep The Web Application Vulnerability Scanner E… 6  
...
root in szvphisprd13003 in ~
❯ docker pull owaspvwad/wavsep  
...
root in szvphisprd13003 in ~
❯ docker run -itd -p 8080:8080 owaspvwad/wavsep

完成后访问 http://IP:8080/wavsep/ 即可

漏洞发现

通过手工测试与扫描器来发现靶场中的问题

手工测试

以文件包含漏洞为例，访问

http://IP:8080/wavsep/active/LFI/LFI-Detection-Evaluation-GET-500Error/index.jsp
http://IP:8080/wavsep/active/LFI/LFI-Detection-Evaluation-GET-500Error/Case01-LFI-FileClass-FilenameContext-Unrestricted-OSPath-DefaultFullInput-AnyPathReq-Read.jsp?target=/root/apache-tomcat-8.0.27/webapps/wavsep/active/LFI/LFI-Detection-Evaluation-GET-500Error/content.ini

手动修改 target 参数为 /etc/passwd 发现成功读取到 passwd 文件

华为云漏洞扫描

1.添加资产，配置域名认证

# 查看wavsep容器id
root in szvphisprd13003 in ~
❯ docker ps
02e9031d5b59 owaspvwad/wavsep "/bin/sh -c 'sh ~/..." 8 months ago Up 6 minutes  
0.0.0.0:8080->8080/tcp
# 查看web根目录
root in szvphisprd13003 in ~
❯ docker exec -it 02e9031d5b59 /bin/bash
root@02e9031d5b59:/# cd ~/apache-tomcat-8.0.27/webapps/ROOT/
root@02e9031d5b59:~/apache-tomcat-8.0.27/webapps/ROOT# echo d2NjX2NyeXB0ATQxNDU1MzVGNDM0MjQzOzMzMzAzNTM4MzUzMjM0NDUz  
NDMzMzQ0MTM4NDMzMTMwNDI0MjMzNDIzMzQzMzE0MTM0MzAzMzMzNDMzNjM4MzQzOTQ1MzgzNjM4MzMzNjM2NDQ0NTM2MzczMjQyNDEzMjQ0MzMzMDMy  
NDYzNDQ2MzU0NjMxMzEzMjM2MzYzOTM3NDUzNTM5NDI0MzM2NDUzNjQxNDEzNjMwMzYzNTMwMzk0NTM1MzAzMjM5NDQzNzQ0NDUzNDQyNDUzMzM1MzQ0  
NDs7MzUzMDMwMzAzMDs4Q0NEMkJEOUVFNkIxOTlCQjk4Qjk1QTgzMUJBMEZBNDtDQTRDQjVENUM4RjI1N0ZDOzM3MzgzMzM0MzU2MTM1MzIyRDYyMzUz  
NzY1MkQzNDY1MzEzNzJENjI2MzYzMzUyRDM2NjIzNzY1MzczMDY1MzMzNTM2MzAzMDs+d2NjX2NyeXB0ATQxNDU1MzVGNDM0MjQzOzM5MzI0NDMyMzk0  
NTM2NDMzMjM3MzA0MjM1NDMzNjM5MzQ0NDQxMzkzMDM4MzU0MTMxMzczNTMxNDI0MzQyMzE0NjMzNDQzNDM0MzIzMzQ0MzkzNTM0MzkzODQzNDYzOTMw  
MzEzNDQ2NDU0MzM0Mzk0NTQyMzgzOTQ2MzE0MzQ0OzszNTMwMzAzMDMwOzA4NDNFN0FEQzI3OUI0Q0QzNzA3RTNCN0YyMUM0RUIxO0MwODcyOTY0QjY0  
ODk4MEM7MzczODMzMzQzNTYxMzUzMjJENjIzNTM3NjUyRDM0NjUzMTM3MkQ2MjYzNjMzNTJEMzY2MjM3NjUzNzMwNjUzMzM1MzYzMDMwOw+d2NjX2Nye  
XB0ATQxNDU1MzVGNDM0MjQzOzM5NDM0NjMxMzQzNDMyNDU0NTM5MzUzODM4NDE0MzM4MzAzNjQ1MzIzNDQ2MzYzNTQzNDYzMzQ1NDEzNjM5MzA7OzM1M  
zAzMDMwMzA7MjBGQzg0NThGODVFNUM4NUI5QzBCQzE2MDgxRENGRjk7N0QyNjgyMTMwN0U2M0JDODszNzM4MzMzNDM1NjEzNTMyMkQ2MjM1Mzc2NTJEM  
zQ2NTMxMzcyRDYyNjM2MzM1MkQzNjYyMzc2NTM3MzA2NTMzMzUzNjMwMzA7+IP:8080 > hwwebscan_verify.html