实验3

实验一

botton.hpp

#pragma once

#include<iostream>
#include<string>

using std::string;
using std::cout;

class Button{
    public:
        Button(const string &text);
        string get_label() const;
        void click();
        
    private:
        string label;
};

Button::Button(const string &text):label{text}{}
inline string Button::get_label() const {return label;}
void Button::click (){
    cout<<"Button'"<<label<<"'clicked\n";
}

window.hpp

#pragma once
#include"botton.hpp"
#include<vector>
#include<iostream>

using std::vector;
using std::cout;
using std::endl;

//窗口类

class Window{
    public:
        Window(const string &win_title);
        void display() const;
        void close();
        void add_button(const string &label);
        
    private:
        string title;
        vector<Button> buttons;
}; 
Window::Window(const string &win_title):title{win_title}{
    buttons.push_back(Button("close"));
} 
inline void Window::display() const{
    string s(40,'*');
    
    cout<< s <<endl;
    cout<<"Window title:"<<title<<endl;
    cout<<"It has"<<buttons.size()<<"buttons:"<<endl;
    for(const auto &i:buttons)
        cout<<i.get_label()<<"button"<<endl;
    cout<<s<<endl;
    

}

void Window::close() {
    cout<<"close window'"<<title<<"'"<<endl;
    buttons.at(0).click();
    
}

void Window::add_button(const string &label){
    buttons.push_back(Button(label));
     
}
 

task1.cpp

#include"window.hpp"
#include<iostream>

using std::cout;
using std::cin;

void test(){
    Window w1("new window");
    w1.add_button("maximize");
    w1.display();
    w1.close() ; 
}
int main(){
    cout<<"用组合类模拟简单GUI:\n";
    test();
}

实验结果:

 

问题1:这个模拟简单GUI的示例代码中,自定义了几个类?使用到了标准库的哪几个类?,
哪些类和类之间存在组合关系?
  自定义了两个类,使用了标准库中的<string>和<vector>类。botton类和string类之间存在组合关系,
  botton,window和vector之间也存在组合关系。
问题2:在自定义类Button和Window中,有些成员函数定义时加了const, 有些设置成了
inline。如果你是类的设计者,目前那些没有加const或没有设置成inline的,适合添加const,
适合设置成inline吗?你的思考依据是?
  Window::add_button()和Button::click()不应该设置为inline,因为它们修改了外部状态或涉及到较为复杂的操作。
  Window::close()不应该添加const,因为它调用了可能会修改外部状态的函数。
问题3:类Window的定义中,有这样一行代码,其功能是?
  创建一个string类型的变量s,初始化为40个星号。

实验二:

#include <iostream>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
void output1(const vector<int> &v)
{
   for (auto &i : v)
      cout << i << ", ";
   cout << "\b\b \n";
}
void output2(const vector<vector<int>> v)
{
   for (auto &i : v)
   {
      for (auto &j : i)
         cout << j << ", ";
      cout << "\b\b \n";
   }
}
void test1()
{
   vector<int> v1(5, 42);
   const vector<int> v2(v1);
   v1.at(0) = -999;
   cout << "v1: ";
   output1(v1);
   cout << "v2: ";
   output1(v2);
   cout << "v1.at(0) = " << v1.at(0) << endl;
   cout << "v2.at(0) = " << v2.at(0) << endl;
}
void test2()
{
   vector<vector<int>> v1{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6, 7}};
   const vector<vector<int>> v2(v1);
   v1.at(0).push_back(-999);
   cout << "v1: \n";
   output2(v1);
   cout << "v2: \n";
   output2(v2);
   vector<int> t1 = v1.at(0);
   cout << t1.at(t1.size() - 1) << endl;
   const vector<int> t2 = v2.at(0);
   cout << t2.at(t2.size() - 1) << endl;
}
int main()
{
   cout << "测试1:\n";
   test1();
   cout << "\n测试2:\n";
   test2();
   system("pause");
}

实验结果:

问题1:测试1模块中,这三行代码的功能分别是?
第一行:创建一个int类型的5个元素每个元素为42的动态数组。
第二行:创建一个v2将v1复制过去。
第三行:将v1的0号单元改为-999。
问题2:测试2模块中,这三行代码的功能分别是?
第一行:创建了一个二维的vector,包含两个元素,依次是vector类型的1,2,3和vector类型的4,5,6,7。
第二行:创建了另一个名为v2的二维vector,并且是const,一旦初始化后v2的内容不能被修改。v2被初始化为v1的副本。
第三行:在v1的末尾增加一个新的元素-999。
问题3:测试2模块中,这四行代码的功能分别是?
第一行:这行代码创建了一个名为t1的一维std::vector<int>,并将其初始化为v1的第一个内部vector。
第二行:将t1的最后一个元素输出。
第三行:这行代码创建了一个名为t2的一维std::vector<int>,并将其初始化为v2的第一个内部vector。
第四行:将t2的最后一个元素输出。
问题4:根据执行结果,反向分析、推断:
① 标准库模板类vector内部封装的复制构造函数,其实现机制是深复制还是浅复制?
是深复制。
② 模板类vector的接口at(), 是否至少需要提供一个const成员函数作为接口?
是的,vector的at()成员函数至少需要提供一个const版本。

实验三:

vectorInt.hpp

#pragma once
#include <cassert>
#include <iostream>
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
// 动态int数组对象类
class vectorInt
{
public:
    vectorInt(int n);
    vectorInt(int n, int value);
    vectorInt(const vectorInt &vi);
    ~vectorInt();
    int &at(int index);
    const int &at(int index) const;
    vectorInt &assign(const vectorInt &v);
    int get_size() const;

private:
    int size;
    int *ptr; // ptr指向包含size个int的数组
};
vectorInt::vectorInt(int n) : size{n}, ptr{new int[size]}
{
}
vectorInt::vectorInt(int n, int value) : size{n}, ptr{new int[size]}
{
    for (auto i = 0; i < size; ++i)
        ptr[i] = value;
}
vectorInt::vectorInt(const vectorInt &vi) : size{vi.size}, ptr{new int[size]}
{
    for (auto i = 0; i < size; ++i)
        ptr[i] = vi.ptr[i];
}
vectorInt::~vectorInt()
{
    delete[] ptr;
}
const int &vectorInt::at(int index) const
{
    assert(index >= 0 && index < size);
    return ptr[index];
}
int &vectorInt::at(int index)
{
    assert(index >= 0 && index < size);
    return ptr[index];
}
vectorInt &vectorInt::assign(const vectorInt &v)
{
    delete[] ptr; // 释放对象中ptr原来指向的资源
    size = v.size;
    ptr = new int[size];
    for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i)
        ptr[i] = v.ptr[i];
    return *this;
}
int vectorInt::get_size() const
{
    return size;
}

task3.cpp

#include "vectorInt.hpp"
#include <iostream>
using std::cin;
using std::cout;
void output(const vectorInt &vi)
{
    for (auto i = 0; i < vi.get_size(); ++i)
        cout << vi.at(i) << ", ";
    cout << "\b\b \n";
}
void test1()
{
    int n;
    cout << "Enter n: ";
    cin >> n;
    vectorInt x1(n);
    for (auto i = 0; i < n; ++i)
        x1.at(i) = i * i;
    cout << "x1: ";
    output(x1);
    vectorInt x2(n, 42);
    vectorInt x3(x2);
    x2.at(0) = -999;
    cout << "x2: ";
    output(x2);
    cout << "x3: ";
    output(x3);
}
void test2()
{
    const vectorInt x(5, 42);
    vectorInt y(10, 0);
    cout << "y: ";
    output(y);
    y.assign(x);
    cout << "y: ";
    output(y);
    cout << "x.at(0) = " << x.at(0) << endl;
    cout << "y.at(0) = " << y.at(0) << endl;
}
int main()
{
    cout << "测试1: \n";
    test1();
    cout << "\n测试2: \n";
    test2();
}

实验结果:

实验四:

matrix.hpp

#pragma once

#include <cassert>
#include <iostream>

using std::cout;
using std::endl;

// 类Matrix的声明
class Matrix
{
public:
    Matrix(int n, int m);    // 构造函数,构造一个n*m的矩阵, 初始值为value
    Matrix(int n);           // 构造函数,构造一个n*n的矩阵, 初始值为value
    Matrix(const Matrix &x); // 复制构造函数, 使用已有的矩阵X构造
    ~Matrix();

    void set(const double *pvalue); // 用pvalue指向的连续内存块数据按行为矩阵赋值
    void clear();                   // 把矩阵对象的值置0

    const double &at(int i, int j) const; // 返回矩阵对象索引(i,j)的元素const引用
    double &at(int i, int j);             // 返回矩阵对象索引(i,j)的元素引用

    int get_lines() const; // 返回矩阵对象行数
    int get_cols() const;  // 返回矩阵对象列数

    void display() const; // 按行显示矩阵对象元素值

private:
    int lines; // 矩阵对象内元素行数
    int cols;  // 矩阵对象内元素列数
    double *ptr;
};
Matrix::Matrix(int n, int m) : lines{n}, cols{m}, ptr{new double[n * m]} { clear(); }
Matrix::Matrix(int n) : lines{n}, cols{n}, ptr{new double[n * n]} { clear(); }
Matrix::Matrix(const Matrix &x) : lines{x.lines}, cols{x.cols}, ptr{new double[x.lines * x.cols]}
{
    for (int i = 0; i < x.lines * x.cols; i++)
    {
        *(ptr + i) = *(x.ptr + i);
    }
}
Matrix::~Matrix()
{
    delete[] ptr;
}
void Matrix::set(const double *pvalue)
{
    for (int i = 0; i < lines * cols; i++)
        ptr[i] = pvalue[i];
}
void Matrix::clear()
{
    for (int i = 0; i < lines * cols; i++)
    {
        ptr[i] = 0;
    }
}
const double &Matrix::at(int i, int j) const
{
    return ptr[i * cols + j];
}
double &Matrix::at(int i, int j)
{
    return ptr[i * cols + j];
}
int Matrix::get_cols() const
{
    return cols;
}
int Matrix::get_lines() const
{
    return lines;
}
void Matrix::display() const
{
    for (int i = 0; i < lines; i++)
    {
        for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++)
        {
            cout << ptr[i * cols + j];
            cout << " ";
        }
        cout << endl;
    }
}

task4.cpp

#include "matrix.hpp"
#include <cassert>
#include <iostream>

using std::cin;
using std::cout;
using std::endl;

const int N = 1000;

// 输出矩阵对象索引为index所在行的所有元素
void output(const Matrix &m, int index)
{
    assert(index >= 0 && index < m.get_lines());

    for (auto j = 0; j < m.get_cols(); ++j)
        cout << m.at(index, j) << ", ";
    cout << "\b\b \n";
}

void test1()
{
    double x[1000] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9};

    int n, m;
    cout << "Enter n and m: ";
    cin >> n >> m;

    Matrix m1(n, m); // 创建矩阵对象m1, 大小n×m
    m1.set(x);       // 用一维数组x的值按行为矩阵m1赋值

    Matrix m2(m, n); // 创建矩阵对象m1, 大小m×n
    m2.set(x);       // 用一维数组x的值按行为矩阵m1赋值

    Matrix m3(2); // 创建一个2×2矩阵对象
    m3.set(x);    // 用一维数组x的值按行为矩阵m4赋值

    cout << "矩阵对象m1: \n";
    m1.display();
    cout << endl;
    cout << "矩阵对象m2: \n";
    m2.display();
    cout << endl;
    cout << "矩阵对象m3: \n";
    m3.display();
    cout << endl;
}

void test2()
{
    Matrix m1(2, 3);
    m1.clear();

    const Matrix m2(m1);
    m1.at(0, 0) = -999;

    cout << "m1.at(0, 0) = " << m1.at(0, 0) << endl;
    cout << "m2.at(0, 0) = " << m2.at(0, 0) << endl;
    cout << "矩阵对象m1第0行: ";
    output(m1, 0);
    cout << "矩阵对象m2第0行: ";
    output(m2, 0);
}

int main()
{
    cout << "测试1: \n";
    test1();

    cout << "测试2: \n";
    test2();
}

实验结果:

实验五:

user.hpp

#pragma once
#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

class User
{
public:
    User(string name, string password = "123456", string email = "");
    void set_email();
    void change_password();
    void display() const;

private:
    string name;
    string password;
    string email;
};
User::User(string name, string password, string email) : name{name}, password{password}, email{email} {}
void User::set_email()
{
    string input;
    do
    {
        cout << "请输入邮箱: ";
        getline(cin, input);
        // 简单的邮箱合法性校验
        if (input.find('@') != string::npos)
        {
            email = input;
        }
        else
        {
            cout << "非法邮箱,请输入包含@的邮箱。" << endl;
        }
    } while (input.find('@') == string::npos);
}
void User::change_password()
{
    string old_password;
    int attempts = 0;
    while (attempts < 3)
    {
        cout << "请输入旧密码: ";
        cin >> old_password;
        if (old_password == password)
        {
            string new_password;
            cout << "请输入新密码: ";
            cin >> new_password;
            password = new_password;
            return;
        }
        else
        {
            cout << "密码错误。" << endl;
            attempts++;
            if (attempts == 3)
            {
                cout << "连续三次输入错误,稍后再试。" << endl;
            }
        }
    }
}
void User::display() const
{
    cout << "用户名: " << name << endl;
    cout << "密码: " << string(password.length(), '*') << endl;
    cout << "邮箱: " << email << endl;
}

task5.cpp

#include "user.hpp"
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>

using std::cin;
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
using std::string;
using std::vector;

void test()
{
    vector<User> user_lst;

    User u1("Alice", "2024113", "Alice@hotmail.com");
    user_lst.push_back(u1);
    cout << endl;

    User u2("Bob");
    u2.set_email();
    u2.change_password();
    user_lst.push_back(u2);
    cout << endl;

    User u3("Hellen");
    u3.set_email();
    u3.change_password();
    user_lst.push_back(u3);
    cout << endl;

    cout << "There are " << user_lst.size() << " users. they are: " << endl;
    for (auto &i : user_lst)
    {
        i.display();
        cout << endl;
    }
}

int main()
{
    test();
}

实验结果:

实验任务六:

date.h

#ifndef __DATE_H__
#define __DATE_H__

class Date {
private:
    int year;    //
    int month;   //
    int day;     //
    int totalDays; //该日期是从公元元年1月1日开始的第几天
public:
    Date(int year, int month, int day); //用年、月、日构造日期
    int getYear() const { return year; }
    int getMonth() const { return month; }
    int getDay() const { return day; }
    int getMaxDay() const;
    bool isLeapYear() const {
        return year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0 || year % 400 == 0;
    }
    void show() const;
    //计算两个日期之间相差多少天
    int distance(const Date& date) const {
        return totalDays - date.totalDays;
    }
};
#endif

date.cpp

#include "date.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
using namespace std;

//命名空间使下面的定义只在当前文件中有效
namespace {
    //存储平年中的某个月1日之前有多少天,为便于getMaxDay函数的实现,该数组多出一项
    const int DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[] = { 0, 31, 59, 90, 120, 151, 181, 212, 243, 273, 304, 334, 365 };
}

Date::Date(int year, int month, int day) : year(year), month(month), day(day) {
    if (day <= 0 || day > getMaxDay()) {
        cout << "Invalid date.";
        show();
        cout << endl;
        exit(1);
    }
    int years = year - 1;
    totalDays = years * 365 + years / 4 - years / 100 + years / 400
        + DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month-1] + day;
    if (isLeapYear() && month > 2) totalDays++;
}


int Date::getMaxDay()const {
    if (isLeapYear() && month == 2) {
        return 29;
    }
    else {
        return DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month] - DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month - 1];
    }
}

void Date::show() const {
    cout << getYear() << '-' << getMonth() << '-' << getDay();
}

account.h

#ifndef __ACCOUNT_H__
#define __ACCOUNT_H__
#include "date.h"
#include <string>
class SavingsAccount {
private:
    std::string id;       //账号
    double balance;       //余额
    double rate;          //存款的年利率
    Date lastDate;        //上次变更余额的日期
    double accumulation;  //余额按日累加之和
    static double total; //所有账户的总金额
    //记录一笔帐,date为日期,amount为金额,desc为说明
    void record(const Date& date, double amount, const std::string& desc);
    //报告错误信息
    void error(const std::string& msg) const;
    //获得指定日期为止的存款金额按日累积值
    double accumulate(const Date& date) const {
        return accumulation + balance * date.distance(lastDate);
    }
public:
    //构造函数
    SavingsAccount(const Date& date, const std::string& id, double rate);
    const std::string& getId() const { return id; }
    double getBalance() const { return balance; }
    double getRate() const { return rate; }
    static double getTotal() { return total; }
    //存入现金
    void deposit(const Date& date, double amount, const std::string& desc);
    //取出现金
    void withdraw(const Date& date, double amount, const std::string& desc);
    //结算利息,每年1月1日调用一次该函数
    void settle(const Date& date);
    //显示账户信息
    void show() const;
};
#endif // ACCOUNT_H

account.cpp

#include "account.h"
#include <cmath>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
double SavingsAccount::total = 0;
SavingsAccount::SavingsAccount(const Date& date, const std::string& id, double rate):id(id), balance(0), rate(rate), lastDate(date), accumulation(0){
    date.show();
    cout<< "\t#" << id << " created" << endl;
}
void SavingsAccount::record(const Date& date, double amount, const std::string& desc) {
    accumulation = accumulate(date);
    lastDate = date;
    amount = floor(amount * 100 + 0.5) / 100; //保留小数点后两位
    balance += amount;
    total += amount;
    date.show();
    cout << "\t#" << id << "\t" << amount << "\t" << balance << "\t" << desc << endl;
}
void SavingsAccount::error(const std::string& msg) const {
    cout << "Error(#" << id << "): " << msg << endl;
}

void SavingsAccount::deposit(const Date& date, double amount, const std::string& desc) {
    record(date, amount, desc);
}

void SavingsAccount::withdraw(const Date& date, double amount, const std::string& desc) {
    if (amount > getBalance())
        error("not enough money");
    else
        record(date, -amount, desc);
}

void SavingsAccount::settle(const Date& date) {
    double interest = accumulate(date) * rate /date.distance(Date(date.getYear()-1,1,1));
    if (interest != 0)
        record(date, interest, "interest");
    accumulation = 0;
}

void SavingsAccount::show() const {
    cout << id << "\tBalance: " << balance;
}

6_25.cpp

#include "account.h"
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    Date date(2008, 11, 1); //起始日期
    //建立账户
    SavingsAccount accounts[] = {
            SavingsAccount(date, "03755217", 0.015),
            SavingsAccount(date, "02342342", 0.015)
    };
    const int n = sizeof(accounts) / sizeof(SavingsAccount); //账户总数
    //11月份的几笔账目
    accounts[0].deposit(Date(2008, 11, 5), 5000, "salary");
    accounts[1].deposit(Date(2008, 11, 25), 10000, "sell stock 0323");
    //12月份的几笔账目
    accounts[0].deposit(Date(2008, 12, 5), 5500, "salary");
    accounts[1].withdraw(Date(2008, 12, 20), 4000, "buy a laptop");
    //结算所有账户并输出各个账户信息
    cout << endl;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        accounts[i].settle(Date(2009, 1, 1));
        accounts[i].show();
        cout << endl;
    }
    cout << "Total: " << SavingsAccount::getTotal() << endl;
    return 0;
}

实验结果:

 

posted @ 2024-11-10 15:30  huashu2  阅读(8)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报