使用plotly模拟掷骰子

数据可视化

15.4使用plotly模拟掷骰子

die_visual.py

from plotly.graph_objs import Bar, Layout0, Layout
from plotly import offline


from die import Die

#创建1个D6，1个D10

die_1 = Die()

die_2 = Die(10)#10个面的骰子

#扔几次骰子并将结果存储在列表中

results = []

for roll_num in range(50_000):#投掷骰子1000次，才每次投出来的结果存储到results中

result = die_1.roll() + die_2.roll()#计算每次的总次数

results.append(result)




#分析结果

frequencies = []#存储投出来每个点数的总次数

max_result = die_1.num_sides + die_2.num_sides#将两个骰子的最大点数之和（12）存储max_result中

for value in range(2,max_result+1):#计算点数和从2到max_result各种点数的次数

frequency = results.count(value)#统计每个点数出现的总次数

frequencies.append(frequency)#结果添加到列表frequencies的末尾




#对结果进行可视化

x_values = list(range(2,max_result+1))#将可能出现的点数存储在列表x_values中

data = [Bar(x_values,y=frequencies)]#Bar（）用于绘制条形图的数据集




x_axis_config = {'title':'结果','dtick':1}#x坐标轴标签

y_axis_config = {'title':'结果的概率'}#y轴坐标轴标签

my_layout = Layout(title='投掷1个6面骰子,一个10面骰子 50_000次的结果',#Layout返回一个图表布局和配置的对象，里面是（图表名称，x轴配置字典，y轴配置字典）

xaxis=x_axis_config,yaxis=y_axis_config)

offline.polt({'data':data,'layout':my_layout},filename = 'd6_d10.html')#polt（数据，布局，文件名）

print(frequencies)


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die.py

from random import randint


class Die:

'表示一个骰子的类'



<span class="token keyword">def</span> <span class="token function">__init__</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>self<span class="token punctuation">,</span>num_sides<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
    <span class="token string">'骰子默认为六面'</span>
    self<span class="token punctuation">.</span>num_sides <span class="token operator">=</span> num_sides

<span class="token keyword">def</span> <span class="token function">roll</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>self<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
    <span class="token string">'返回一个位于1和骰子面数之间的随机值'</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> randint<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>self<span class="token punctuation">.</span>num_sides<span class="token punctuation">)</span>


<span class="token keyword">def</span> <span class="token function">__init__</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>self<span class="token punctuation">,</span>num_sides<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
    <span class="token string">'骰子默认为六面'</span>
    self<span class="token punctuation">.</span>num_sides <span class="token operator">=</span> num_sides

<span class="token keyword">def</span> <span class="token function">roll</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>self<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
    <span class="token string">'返回一个位于1和骰子面数之间的随机值'</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> randint<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>self<span class="token punctuation">.</span>num_sides<span class="token punctuation">)</span>