数据可视化
数据可视化
#15.3随机漫步
15.3.1 random_walk类
15.3.2 选择方向：fill_walk方法
from random import choice
class RandomWalk:
'一个生成随机漫步德属性'
<span class="token keyword">def</span> <span class="token function">__init__</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>self<span class="token punctuation">,</span>num_points<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">5000</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token string">'初始化随机漫步的属性'</span>
self<span class="token punctuation">.</span>num_points <span class="token operator">=</span> num_points
<span class="token comment">#所有随机漫步都开始于（0，0）</span>
self<span class="token punctuation">.</span>x_values <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
self<span class="token punctuation">.</span>y_values <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token keyword">def</span> <span class="token function">fill_walk</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>self<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token string">'计算随机漫步包含的所有点'</span>
<span class="token string">'一个决定向左或向右，向上或向下走，指定方向走多远的类'</span>
<span class="token comment">#不断漫步，直到列表达到指定的长度</span>
<span class="token keyword">while</span> <span class="token builtin">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>self<span class="token punctuation">.</span>x_values<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator"><</span> self<span class="token punctuation">.</span>num_points<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token comment">#循环到所需要的点数</span>
<span class="token string">'决定前进方向以及沿这个方向前进的距离。'</span>
x_direction <span class="token operator">=</span> choice<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token comment">#方向：1向右，-1向左</span>
x_directance <span class="token operator">=</span> choice<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token comment">#走的距离随机0——4</span>
x_setp <span class="token operator">=</span> x_direction <span class="token operator">*</span> x_directance<span class="token comment">#确定x轴和y轴移动的距离，x_setp为正向右，，为负向左，为0垂直移动</span>
y_direction <span class="token operator">=</span> choice<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
y_distance <span class="token operator">=</span> choice<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
y_setp <span class="token operator">=</span> y_direction <span class="token operator">*</span>y_distance<span class="token comment">#y_setp为正向上，，为负向下，为0水平移动</span>
<span class="token comment">#拒绝原地踏步</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> x_setp <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token operator">and</span> y_setp <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token keyword">continue</span>
<span class="token comment">#计算下一个点的x值和y值</span>
x <span class="token operator">=</span> self<span class="token punctuation">.</span>x_values<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> x_setp
y <span class="token operator">=</span>self<span class="token punctuation">.</span>y_values<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> y_setp
self<span class="token punctuation">.</span>x_values<span class="token punctuation">.</span>append<span class="token punctuation">(</span>x<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
self<span class="token punctuation">.</span>y_values<span class="token punctuation">.</span>append<span class="token punctuation">(</span>y<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
15.3.3 绘制随机漫步图```
rw_visual类
<span class="token keyword">import</span> matplotlib<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pyplot <span class="token keyword">as</span> plt
<span class="token keyword">from</span> random_walk <span class="token keyword">import</span> RandomWalk
<span class="token comment">#创建一个RandomWalk实例</span>
rw <span class="token operator">=</span> RandomWalk<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token comment">#创建实例并存储到rw</span>
rw<span class="token punctuation">.</span>fill_walk<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token comment">#调用</span>
<span class="token comment">#将所有的点都绘制出来</span>
plt<span class="token punctuation">.</span>style<span class="token punctuation">.</span>use<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'classic'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
fig<span class="token punctuation">,</span>ax <span class="token operator">=</span> plt<span class="token punctuation">.</span>subplots<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
ax<span class="token punctuation">.</span>scatter<span class="token punctuation">(</span>rw<span class="token punctuation">.</span>x_values<span class="token punctuation">,</span>rw<span class="token punctuation">.</span>y_values<span class="token punctuation">,</span>s<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token comment">#将随机包含的x值和y值传递给scatter（），并选择合适的尺寸</span>
plt<span class="token punctuation">.</span>show<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<div class="hljs-button {2}" data-title="复制" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4259"}"></div></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">1</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">2</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">3</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">4</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">5</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">6</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">7</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">8</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">9</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">10</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">11</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">12</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">13</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">14</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">15</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">16</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">17</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">18</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">19</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">20</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">21</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">22</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">23</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">24</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">25</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">26</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">27</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">28</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">29</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">30</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">31</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">32</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">33</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">34</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">35</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">36</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">37</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">38</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">39</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">40</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">41</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">42</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">43</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">44</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">45</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">46</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">47</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">48</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">49</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">50</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">51</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">52</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">53</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">54</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">55</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">56</li></ul></pre>
<p>成果<br> <img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210520224317234.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQ1NzcyMTI0,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70" alt="在这里插入图片描述"></p>
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